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经济学人54:计算机图像生成技术

时间:2013-11-26 02:51来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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   Science and Technology

  科技
  Computer-generated imagery
  计算机图像生成技术
  Fabricating fabric1
  虚拟面料
  How to generate more realistic images of clothes
  如何生成更逼真的衣物图像
  FILMS like "Captain America", "Tron Legacy2" and "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button" have shown that it is possible to use computer-generated imagery (CGI) to make actors look younger, older or wimpier than they actually are, in a surprisingly realistic manner.
  电影《美国上尉》、《创战记》和《本杰明?巴顿奇事》表明计算机图像生成技术能以惊人的逼真手法使演员看上去比实际更年轻、老态或懦弱。
  At least, it is possible if those altered actors are kept at a suitable distance from the viewer.
  这种效果至少在那些被改造过的演员与观众保持合适距离时能够实现。
  The difficulty of recreating the textures3 of both skin and fabric means the effect is less convincing when seen close up.
  皮肤和面料纹理重建的困难在于它们被放大观看时,效果并不理想。
  The reason is that, whereas it is possible to simulate realistically the forces which make virtual skin and fabric hang, bend, flap and stretch, recreating the subtle ways they reflect light has so far proved extremely tricky4.
  原因在于尽管计算机能够真实地模拟使虚拟皮肤及面料产生悬挂、弯曲、飘动和拉伸的外力,但迄今为止想要找到构建反射光的精妙方法仍是极为困难的事情。
  The shimmer5 and sheen of both fabric and skin depend on the geometry of their internal structures—the exact arrangement of threads or protein fibres.
  皮肤和面料的微光及光泽都取决于它们内部的几何结构——织线或蛋白纤维的精确排列。
  This is hard to model accurately6.
  这种模型很难精确地建立。
  Steve Marschner and his colleagues at Cornell University have, though, come up with a way to get round that problem.
  不过康奈尔大学的史蒂夫?马施纳及其同事们发现了一个解决此问题的方法。
  Instead of modelling, they are copying.
  他们不是建立模型而是采用拷贝技术。
  They are using computerised tomography (CT) to analyse the structures of fabrics7 at high resolution and then plugging the results into CGI.
  他们利用电脑断层扫描术(简称CT)以高分辨率分析面料的结构,然后将结果输入到计算机影像生成系统。
  That, allied8 to the laws of optics and some heavy-duty computer power, seems to do the trick.
  结合光学定律和强大的计算机处理能力,这种方法似乎能够达到理想效果。
  Computerised tomography is most familiar as a medical technique for examining people's insides.
  "电脑断层扫描术"是最广为人知的医学技术,主要用于人体内部检查。
  Like classical radiology it uses X-rays.
  与传统放射学相同,它也使用X射线。
  But because the image is constructed inside a computer using shots taken from many different directions, rather than being a single exposure recorded on photographic film, CT can capture fine detail and record soft tissues that are invisible to classical radiology.
  但是因为计算机构建内部图像时采集的是多角度拍摄数据,而不是靠摄影胶片上的单一曝光影像,所以电脑断层扫描术能够捕捉细节并记录下传统放射学无法看到的软组织。
  Dr Marschner and his colleagues used a benchtop version of CT, developed for looking at the structure of materials rather than at human bodies, for their experiment.
  马施纳博士及其同事们采用了台式版本的CT进行实验,这种CT是被研制用来观察材料结构而非人体的。
  Employing doses of X-rays many times stronger than those used to study people, they obtained high-resolution information about small pieces of fabric.
  使用比人体研究高数倍的X射线剂量,他们获得了小块面料的高分辨率信息。
  Computerised tomography allows the three-dimensional structure of the fibres in such scraps9 to be recorded, with all their kinks and imperfections.
  "电脑断层扫描术"能够记录零碎面料的三维结构和所有的扭结和缺陷。
  A number of small pieces can then be patched together into an entire garment inside a computer, in the same way that a handful of actors are turned into a CGI crowd.
  然后计算机将大量细碎面料拼凑成一件完整的衣服,采用同样方法,可将少数演员转换成电脑合成人像。
  But because the internal structure of each bit of the garment matches that of a real piece of cloth, the way light will play on it can be calculated far more realistically than if it were just a computer model of what the interior of cloth is thought to look like.
  但是因为这件服装每片面料的内部结构都与真实布料匹配,因此与仅是看上去象布料的计算机衣服模型相比,光线在其上的表现效果能够更加逼真。
  Demonstrating the results of their technique at the SIGGRAPH computer-graphics10 conference in Vancouver this week, Dr Marschner and his colleagues showed realistic renderings12 of felt, gaberdine, silk and velvet13.
  本周,马施纳博士及其同事们将他们的技术成果在温哥华举行的计算机图形会议上展示,并向人们演示了毛毡、华达呢、丝绸和天鹅绒的逼真效果图。
  Moreover, their renderings remain realistic even when viewed close up.
  此外,他们的效果图即使被放大观看依然很逼真。
  Sadly, skin is still beyond them.
  但可惜的是,他们仍然无法让皮肤实现这样的效果。
  The high intensity14 of the X-rays involved would be too damaging for use on a living human being, and a corpse15 would probably not produce the right results.
  因为高强度的X射线会对人体造成很大损伤,而采用尸体实验可能得不到正确的结果。
  But once the rendering11 technique has been speeded up (at the moment it is still a bit slow and clunky), the swish of a virtual cloak or the doffing16 of a computerised hat should look far more realistic than it does now.
  但是一旦绘图技术突飞猛进(目前技术仍有些缓慢和粗陋),虚拟斗篷的抖动或电脑生成帽子的脱落动作会比现在看上去更为逼真。
  In the meantime, according to Dr Marschner's colleague Kavita Bala, the technology might have an application in online retailing17.
  同时,马施纳博士的同事卡维塔?巴拉表示这项技术可能会在网上零售业得到应用。
  At the moment, people buying clothes over the internet have only standard photographs to help them choose their purchases.
  目前,人们在网上购买衣物仅能通过浏览标准图片帮助选购。
  Using CT-based computer graphics might, paradoxically, give a better idea of what the material an item of clothing is made from is really like than can be garnered18 from a boring, old photograph of the original.
  相反,基于电脑断层扫描术的计算机图形技术可能提供了一个更好的办法,人们能够看到一件衣服所使用材料的真实质地,而无须将令人生厌,老旧的原物照片收集来观看。

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 fabric 3hezG     
n.织物,织品,布;构造,结构,组织
参考例句:
  • The fabric will spot easily.这种织品很容易玷污。
  • I don't like the pattern on the fabric.我不喜欢那块布料上的图案。
2 legacy 59YzD     
n.遗产,遗赠;先人(或过去)留下的东西
参考例句:
  • They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
  • He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。
3 textures c5e62798e528da9080811018cbb27cd3     
n.手感( texture的名词复数 );质感;口感;(音乐或文学的)谐和统一感
参考例句:
  • I'm crazy about fabrics textures and colors and designs. 我喜欢各式各样的纺织物--对它的质地,色彩到花纹图案--简直是入了迷。 来自辞典例句
  • Let me clear up the point about the textures. 让我明确了一点有关的纹理。 来自互联网
4 tricky 9fCzyd     
adj.狡猾的,奸诈的;(工作等)棘手的,微妙的
参考例句:
  • I'm in a rather tricky position.Can you help me out?我的处境很棘手,你能帮我吗?
  • He avoided this tricky question and talked in generalities.他回避了这个非常微妙的问题,只做了个笼统的表述。
5 shimmer 7T8z7     
v./n.发微光,发闪光;微光
参考例句:
  • The room was dark,but there was a shimmer of moonlight at the window.屋子里很黑,但靠近窗户的地方有点微光。
  • Nor is there anything more virginal than the shimmer of young foliage.没有什么比新叶的微光更纯洁无瑕了。
6 accurately oJHyf     
adv.准确地,精确地
参考例句:
  • It is hard to hit the ball accurately.准确地击中球很难。
  • Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately.现在科学家们能准确地预报天气。
7 fabrics 678996eb9c1fa810d3b0cecef6c792b4     
织物( fabric的名词复数 ); 布; 构造; (建筑物的)结构(如墙、地面、屋顶):质地
参考例句:
  • cotton fabrics and synthetics 棉织物与合成织物
  • The fabrics are merchandised through a network of dealers. 通过经销网点销售纺织品。
8 allied iLtys     
adj.协约国的;同盟国的
参考例句:
  • Britain was allied with the United States many times in history.历史上英国曾多次与美国结盟。
  • Allied forces sustained heavy losses in the first few weeks of the campaign.同盟国在最初几周内遭受了巨大的损失。
9 scraps 737e4017931b7285cdd1fa3eb9dd77a3     
油渣
参考例句:
  • Don't litter up the floor with scraps of paper. 不要在地板上乱扔纸屑。
  • A patchwork quilt is a good way of using up scraps of material. 做杂拼花布棉被是利用零碎布料的好办法。
10 graphics CrxzuL     
n.制图法,制图学;图形显示
参考例句:
  • You've leveraged your graphics experience into the video area.你们把图形设计业务的经验运用到录像业务中去。
  • Improved graphics took computer games into a new era.经改进的制图技术将电脑游戏带进了一个新时代。
11 rendering oV5xD     
n.表现,描写
参考例句:
  • She gave a splendid rendering of Beethoven's piano sonata.她精彩地演奏了贝多芬的钢琴奏鸣曲。
  • His narrative is a super rendering of dialect speech and idiom.他的叙述是方言和土语最成功的运用。
12 renderings 8a4618ebf038a0afc6e34b50d256c554     
n.(戏剧或乐曲的)演奏( rendering的名词复数 );扮演;表演;翻译作品
参考例句:
  • Research about the usability of architectural renderings supports this notion. 关于建筑渲染的可用性研究支持上面提到的这种观点。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
  • Note: Attached Bugatti renderings are for illustrative purposes only. 注:附加布加迪渲染是仅用于说明的目的。 来自互联网
13 velvet 5gqyO     
n.丝绒,天鹅绒;adj.丝绒制的,柔软的
参考例句:
  • This material feels like velvet.这料子摸起来像丝绒。
  • The new settlers wore the finest silk and velvet clothing.新来的移民穿着最华丽的丝绸和天鹅绒衣服。
14 intensity 45Ixd     
n.强烈,剧烈;强度;烈度
参考例句:
  • I didn't realize the intensity of people's feelings on this issue.我没有意识到这一问题能引起群情激奋。
  • The strike is growing in intensity.罢工日益加剧。
15 corpse JYiz4     
n.尸体,死尸
参考例句:
  • What she saw was just an unfeeling corpse.她见到的只是一具全无感觉的尸体。
  • The corpse was preserved from decay by embalming.尸体用香料涂抹以防腐烂。
16 doffing ebc79b13e7d3a455d295cda3e5ebbe8c     
n.下筒,落纱v.脱去,(尤指)脱帽( doff的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • The sige of the package in use determines the frequency of doffing. 所用卷装的尺寸决定了落纱的次数。 来自辞典例句
  • Obstruction in the movement of Aprons during doffing in modern cards. 新型梳棉机在落卷时皮板输送带(或皮圈,围裙)运行受阻。 来自互联网
17 retailing f7157e2e76f903d2893786de5cb093af     
n.零售业v.零售(retail的现在分词)
参考例句:
  • career opportunities in retailing 零售业的职业机会
  • He is fond of retailing the news. 他喜欢传播消息。 来自《简明英汉词典》
18 garnered 60d1f073f04681f98098b8374f4a7693     
v.收集并(通常)贮藏(某物),取得,获得( garner的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Mr. Smith gradually garnered a national reputation as a financial expert. 史密斯先生逐渐赢得全国金融专家的声誉。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He has garnered extensive support for his proposals. 他的提议得到了广泛的支持。 来自辞典例句
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TAG标签:   经济学人  计算机
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