经济学人336:心理 摇摇晃晃的家具让人在情绪上追求稳定

 　　Science and technology

　　科学技术

　　Psychology¹

　　心理

　　Tall, dark and stable Wobbly furniture leads to a desire for emotional stability

　　摇摇晃晃的家具让人在情绪上追求稳定

　　CLEARLY, a person’s decisions are determined² by circumstances.

　　显然，任何人在做决策的时候都受决策时的周遭环境所影响。

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　　Just how closely they are determined, however, has only recently become apparent.

　　但具体来说会造成多大的影响直到最近才有了一个较为清晰的解释。

　　Experiments conducted over the past few years have revealed that giving someone an icy drink at a party leads him to believe he is getting the cold shoulder from fellow guests, that handing over a warm drink gives people a sense of warmth from others,

　　在过去几年进行的一系列实验中，有一个实验发现在聚会中，给客人提供冷饮会让他有不受旁边人待见的感觉倾向，相反，提供温水等有温度的饮料会让他们感觉到周围人的温暖。

　　and—most astonishingly—that putting potential voters in chairs which lean slightly to the left causes them to become more agreeable towards policies associated with the left of the political spectrum³.

　　最让人惊奇的是，在另外一个关于潜在选民的实验中，让一个没有立场的潜在选民，坐在椅子上并微微向左边靠，他会更加认同与左派相似的政治立场。

　　The latest of these studies also looks at the effect of furniture.

　　这一系列实验最近将他们的目标转向了家具，研究家具对人的影响。

　　It suggests that something as trivial as the stability of chairs and tables has an effect on perceptions and desires.

　　他们假设许多不被人注意到的细节例如桌椅的稳定性会影响到人们对于其他事物的看法和愿望。

　　The study was conducted by David Kille, Amanda Forest and Joanne Wood at the University of Waterloo, in Canada, and will be published soon in Psychological Science.

　　这份研究是由David Kille，Amanda Forest以及滑铁卢大学的Joanne Wood一同完成的，即将在《心理科学》杂志上发表。

　　Mr Kille and his collaborators asked half of their volunteers to sit in a slightly wobbly chair next to a slightly wobbly table while engaged in the task assigned.

　　在实验中，他们选取了47个处于单身的大学本科生，将他们分为两组，一半学生在实验中坐在一张会摇晃的桌子旁一张会摇的椅子上，

　　The others were asked to sit in chairs next to tables that looked physically⁴ identical, but were not wobbly.

　　另外一半则是坐在外表相似却非常稳的椅子上。

　　Once in their chairs, participants were asked to judge the stability of the relationships of four celebrity⁵ couples:

　　研究人员给两组学生展示四组夫妇的照片：

　　Barack and Michelle Obama, David and Victoria Beckham, Jay-Z and Beyoncé, and Johnny Depp and Vanessa Paradis.

　　奥巴马和米歇尔，维多利亚和贝克汉姆，Jay-Z和碧昂斯，强尼戴普和vanessa paradis，

　　They did this by rating how likely they thought it was, on a scale of one to seven, that a couple would break up in the next five years.

　　然后让学生们给四对夫妇的情感稳定性打分—从一分到七分，他们未来五年离婚/分手的几率，

　　A score of one meant extremely unlikely to dissolve.

　　一分代表几乎不可能分开，

　　A score of seven meant extremely likely to dissolve.

　　七分代表十分可能分手。

　　After they had done this, they were asked to rate their preferences for various traits in a potential romantic partner.

　　接下来，调查者让两组学生分别对一系列理想配偶的特征进行打分—量表上给出一系列特征，

　　Traits on offer included some which a pilot study indicated people associate with a sense of psychological stability, some that are associated with psychological instability and some with no real relevance⁶ to instability or stability.

　　依旧是一分到七分，一分代表一点也不喜欢这样子的七分代表大爱。量表上设置的特征，有些与追求稳定相关联，有些与追求不稳定相关联，有一些是随机挑选的特质，三类特征交错放置。

　　Participants rated the various traits on another one-to-seven scale, with one indicating not at all desirable and seven meaning extremely desirable.

　　其中关于追求稳定的一些特质包括是否值得信赖，是否可靠。而追求不稳定的特质包括是否自发性强，或是具有探险精神。

　　The results reveal that just as cold drinks lead to perceptions of social conditions being cold, tinkering with feelings of physical stability leads to perceptions of social instability.

　　调查结果就像之前那个聚会不要请人喝冷饮的调查一样，在身体感受到不稳定状态的时候会使得心理上更加倾向于感受到社交中的不稳定因子。

　　Participants who sat in wobbly chairs at wobbly tables gave the celebrity couples an average stability score of 3.2 while those whose furniture did not wobble gave them 2.5.

　　摇椅上的人给那四对夫妇打得分数是3.2，比另外一组高出0.7，越高分数代表越可能分开。

　　What was particularly intriguing⁷, though, was that those sitting at wonky furniture not only saw instability in the relationships of others but also said that they valued stability in their own relationships more highly.

　　最有趣的还不是这里，最有趣的是这些坐在摇晃家具上的人不仅更倾向于看见他人关系中不稳定的因素，也倾向于更加重视追求自己与他人关系中的稳定因子。

　　They gave stability-promoting traits in potential romantic partners an average desirability score of 5.0, whereas those whose tables and chairs were stable gave these same traits a score of 4.5.

　　他们在后一个实验中对理想配偶的稳定特质重视程度的打分平均是5.0，比另外一组高出0.5，

　　The difference is not huge, but it is statistically⁸ significant.

　　虽然数字上的差异不是很大，但是就数据分析来说，已经很能说明问题了。

　　Even a small amount of environmental wobbliness seems to promote a desire for an emotional rock to cling to.

　　即使只是环境中存在一点点的不稳定因素似乎都会让人们产生赶快抓住一根感情稻草的冲动。

1 psychology   

n.心理，心理学，心理状态

参考例句：

• She has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
• He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。

2 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

3 spectrum   

n.谱，光谱，频谱；范围，幅度，系列

参考例句：

• This is a kind of atomic spectrum.这是一种原子光谱。
• We have known much of the constitution of the solar spectrum.关于太阳光谱的构成，我们已了解不少。

4 physically   

adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律

参考例句：

• He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服，心绪也很乱。
• Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。

5 celebrity   

n.名人，名流；著名，名声，名望

参考例句：

• Tom found himself something of a celebrity. 汤姆意识到自己已小有名气了。
• He haunted famous men, hoping to get celebrity for himself. 他常和名人在一起, 希望借此使自己获得名气。

6 relevance   

n.中肯，适当，关联，相关性

参考例句：

• Politicians' private lives have no relevance to their public roles.政治家的私生活与他们的公众角色不相关。
• Her ideas have lost all relevance to the modern world.她的想法与现代社会完全脱节。

7 intriguing   

adj.有趣的；迷人的v.搞阴谋诡计(intrigue的现在分词)；激起…的好奇心

参考例句：

• These discoveries raise intriguing questions. 这些发现带来了非常有趣的问题。
• It all sounds very intriguing. 这些听起来都很有趣。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 statistically   

ad.根据统计数据来看，从统计学的观点来看

参考例句：

• The sample of building permits is larger and therefore, statistically satisfying. 建筑许可数的样本比较大，所以统计数据更令人满意。
• The results of each test would have to be statistically independent. 每次试验的结果在统计上必须是独立的。