经济学人32:乌干达同性恋者大卫·卡多

 　　Obituary;David Kato;

　　讣告;大卫·卡多;

　　David Kato Kisule, a gay campaigner in Uganda, died on January 26th, aged¹ 46.

　　乌干达同性恋者大卫·卡多1月26日被害，现年46岁。

　　To the 935 pupils at St Herman Nkoni primary school, on the Masaka-Mbarara road, the slight, bookish-looking, soft-voiced man with the thick-lensed glasses was a pretty good head teacher. But to Uganda's tabloid² magazines, such as Red Pepper and Rolling Stone, he was a monster: a “bum-driller”, ever seeking “shaftmates” for “romping sessions”. To the sponsors of Uganda's anti-homosexuality bill of 2009, which required witnesses to report homosexual activity within 24 hours, and which proposed the death sentence for repeat offending, he was a deviant and a corrupter³ of innocent boys. In the sermons of the evangelical Christian⁴ pastors⁵ who toured round Uganda's towns, he was a dog, a pig, possessed⁶ by devils. Even the Anglican priest who conducted his funeral broke off to shout that he was worse than a beast, because animals at least knew the difference between a male and a female.

　　圣赫尔曼尼日尔小学位于马萨卡-马巴拉路上，对于这里的935名小学生来说，这个身体瘦小，书生气十足，和声细气，并戴着一副厚厚眼镜的人曾是一名非常非常好的老师。但是对于像红辣椒和滚石这样的乌干达小报杂志来说，他就是一个怪物：一个为了消遣一直在寻找姘头的同性恋。2009年通过的乌干达反同性恋法案，要求目击者必须在24小时内报告自己所看到的同性恋行为，此法案还建议对屡教不改者实行死刑。对该法案的支持者来说，他藐视法案而且还会教坏孩子们。福音派基督教牧师在乌干达各地的巡讲中称他是魔鬼的走狗。甚至为他主持葬礼的英国圣公会牧师也称他还不如一个畜生，畜生至少还能分清楚公母。

　　David Kato was one of a group so tiny, hated and hounded—indeed, illegal—that most Ugandans had never knowingly met one. Gays like him called themselves kuchus, meaning “same”, as in “same-sex”. He was not the same in any way ordinary Ugandans cared to recognise.

　　大卫·卡多所属的组织很小，且招人厌恶，有不断的麻烦，事实上，它还是非法的。因此，大多数乌干达人刻意的躲开它。像他那样的人都自称“kuchus”，意思是“相同”，因为他们都有相同的性别。他和普通乌干达人一点都不一样。

　　His neighbours in Nansana and Mukono, the districts near Kampala where he lived at various times, admitted that he could be generous and kind. He paid for electricity wires to be put up locally, settled people's hospital bills, took drifters in when they were homeless. But this, they told the tabloids⁷, was because he was “filthy loaded” with foreign dime⁸, most of it donated to him for spreading a Western evil in Uganda, and a lot of the money was used as bribes⁹ for sexual favours. It was dangerous to get too close to him, because of his love for bums¹⁰. His cleaning woman (who observed which young men came and went, and who stayed the night) noticed that he was tired on the day he was killed, and put it down to AIDS. A doctor took the false story on: Mr Kato was HIV-positive, and spreading it around, despite the government's campaign to keep AIDS in check. An ex-homosexual called Paul Kagaba claimed that he had been irreparably seduced¹¹ into evil in Mr Kato's white house with the columns along Villa¹² Road, after a couple of Guinnesses and a takeaway meal. He implied he was one of many.

　　大卫·卡多曾于不同时期在坎帕拉附近的南萨那和木叩诺居住过，那里的邻居承认他非常友好，大方。他为架设当地的电线付款，解决人们的医疗费用，为无家可归的流浪者提供住宿。但是，他们告诉小报，他做的所有这些都是因为他有很多外资，而其中大部分捐给他是让其在乌干达宣扬西方的邪恶文化，还有很多被他用来当做性取乐的资本。跟他走的太近非常危险，因为他对屁股又特殊的喜爱。他的女清洁工（负责观察记录哪个年轻男子来了，哪个走了，哪个留下过夜了）注意到被杀害那天，他很疲惫，她把这归咎于艾滋病。一位医生继续了这个错误的故事：卡多先生是HIV病毒携带者，并且还到处传播，置政府的控制艾滋病政策于不顾。一位叫保罗·卡嘎巴的前同性恋者声称，在卡多先生别墅路旁带有大圆柱的“白宫”里，他喝了几杯啤酒，吃了外卖，之后就被引诱做了无法弥补的邪恶事情。他暗示他只是众多被引诱者之一。

　　In Mr Kato's mind there were only two ways to deal with being gay in Uganda. The first was to hide, to seek the dark. This was how he had first encountered the gay scene in Kampala in the late 1990s, after hearing rumours¹³ of a night party in some gardens outside the city and deciding he had to gatecrash. The party hosts, suspicious of his eagerness, gave him the wrong address; they did not want him to find this secret, illegal gathering¹⁴ among the trees. When he gave interviews to Western media it was often in dark alleys¹⁵ or deserted¹⁶ bars, face shadowy and close to the camera, or on some red-dirt road out of town, while he kept nervously¹⁷ walking.

　　在卡多先生看来，在乌干达作为一名同性恋，你只可能有两种生活。第一种生活就是躲藏，去寻找黑暗。他听到了一些关于在城外的花园里举行深夜聚会的传言，并且决定一定要去，就这样他于19世纪90年代末在坎帕拉第一次见到了同性恋场景。然而，聚会的组织者对他的如此主动和渴望产生了怀疑，给了他一个错误的地址，他们不希望他找到这个秘密——暗中进行了非法集会。他在接受西方媒体采访时总是喜欢选在黑暗的街道或人烟稀少的酒吧，坐的离摄影机很近并且把脸部遮起来，再或者选在城外的土路上，他一边紧张的踱着步子，一边接受采访。

　　The second way of being gay, however, was to be out and proud. This was what he preferred, despite the risks. In 1998, just back from a few years of teaching in South Africa—where he had seen apartheid fall, and the old anti-sodomy laws with it, and had decided¹⁸ at last to admit his homosexuality—he held a televised press conference to start the push for gay rights in his own country. The police beat him up afterwards, the first of several beatings (he would show the scars on his head, where bottles had been broken on him), and arrested him, the first of three arrests. Not deterred¹⁹, in 2004 he co-founded Sexual Minorities Uganda to campaign against the anti-homosexuality bill and general prejudice. He was the group's litigation officer, partly because he knew his way round the mazes²⁰ of the law, but mostly because he was loud, impatient, demanding, angry (too much so, when the beer got to him), and didn't care that his face was now “Gay Uganda” for the tabloids.

　　作为同性恋的第二种生活方式就是骄傲的走出去。尽管这样做有危险，但卡多先生更喜欢这种生活方式。他在南非教了几年书，在那里他看到了种族隔离制度和陈腐的反同性恋法的消亡，并且最后决定承认自己的同性恋身份，因此，1998年，他刚从南非回来就举行了电视新闻发布会，开始在自己的祖国争取同性恋的权利。随后他就遭到了警察的毒打，这只是第一次（他头上还留着被瓶子砸过后的伤疤），而且被捕了，也是他三次被捕中的第一次。他并没有被吓倒，2004年他联合建立了乌干达性少数派组织来对抗反同性恋法案和大众的偏见。他是这个组织的诉讼官，一部分是因为他了解法律，能够在其中游刃有余，但大部分是因为他很喜欢表达自己，没有耐心，要求很高，容易发怒（喝了啤酒之后更是如此），而且对小报上说他是“乌干达同性恋先生”也毫不在意了。

　　When, last October, Rolling Stone ran a front-page article on “homos” recruiting in the schools, promising²¹ to expose 100 of them and calling for them to be hanged, Mr Kato was one of three who sued the magazine. He was the only one who went to court to state his case that homosexuals were born, not made, and therefore could not be recruited. He had known he was different as a child growing up in Nakawala, his ancestral village; his twin brother, John, had noticed it too, and simply laughed when, after years, he came out to him.

　　去年10月份，滚石杂志发表了一篇头版头条文章，细数了在学校中的同性恋者，希望曝光其中的100人并呼吁把他们处以绞刑，有3个人起诉了这家杂志社，卡多先生就是其中之一。卡多先生是唯一一个到法庭陈述案情的人，他称同性恋也是人生出来的并不是造出来的，因此也不能被雇佣。他知道作为一名在他故乡那卡瓦拉村长大的孩子，他是与众不同的；他的双胞胎哥哥，约翰也注意到了这点，几年之后，他们再次见面时，他会心的笑了。

　　The new year looked propitious²². On January 3rd a judge ruled against Rolling Stone; Mr Kato received compensation of 1.5m Ugandan shillings, or $640. It was not much, but it was the principle that mattered. Meanwhile, debate was suspended on the anti-homosexuality bill, partly as a result of world pressure that he had helped to stir.

　　新的一年看起来运气还不错。1月3号法官判滚石杂志败诉；卡多先生收到了150万乌干达先令的赔偿，约合640美元。数目并不大，但重要的是这个结果。期间，关于反同性恋法案的争论一直没有停止，部分是他所引起的外部世界施压的结果。

　　Young men continued to mill around his house. One of them was a thief well known in the area: a rough part of town, with 15 iron-bar attacks in two months. Police assumed that when Mr Kato was bludgeoned to death with a hammer, on the afternoon of January 26th, he was just another victim in the series. Gay groups blamed the tabloids for incitement²³. Neighbours, hanging about, noticed with surprise that his blood on the walls looked much the same as theirs.

　　年轻人继续在他家周围聚集。其中一个是这个地区出名的小偷，这是城中很不平静的一个区域，在两个月内发生了15起铁棒袭击事件。警察推断1月26日下午，卡多先生被用短棒袭击致死事件就是这一系列事件之一。同性恋组织责备那些小报在其中进行了煽动。闲逛的邻居们吃惊的发现墙上卡多先生的鲜血依然清晰可见，就像他们自己的一样。

1 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

2 tabloid   

adj.轰动性的，庸俗的；n.小报，文摘

参考例句：

• He launched into a verbal assault on tabloid journalism.他口头对小报新闻进行了抨击。
• He believes that the tabloid press has behaved disgracefully.他认为小报媒体的行为不太光彩。

3 corrupter   

堕落的，道德败坏的； 贪污的，腐败的； 腐烂的； （文献等）错误百出的

参考例句：

• The police were corrupt and were operating in collusion with the drug dealers. 警察腐败，与那伙毒品贩子内外勾结。
• corrupt officials accepting bribes 接受贿赂的贪官污吏

4 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

5 pastors   

n.（基督教的）牧师( pastor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Do we show respect to our pastors, missionaries, Sunday school teachers? 我们有没有尊敬牧师、宣教士，以及主日学的老师？ 来自互联网
• Should pastors or elders be paid, or serve as a volunteer? 牧师或长老需要付给酬劳，还是志愿的事奉呢？ 来自互联网

6 possessed   

adj.疯狂的；拥有的，占有的

参考例句：

• He flew out of the room like a man possessed.他像着了魔似地猛然冲出房门。
• He behaved like someone possessed.他行为举止像是魔怔了。

7 tabloids   

n.小报，通俗小报（版面通常比大报小一半，文章短，图片多，经常报道名人佚事）( tabloid的名词复数 )；药片

参考例句：

• The story was on the front pages of all the tabloids. 所有小报都在头版报道了这件事。
• The story made the front page in all the tabloids. 这件事成了所有小报的头版新闻。

8 dime   

n.（指美国、加拿大的钱币）一角

参考例句：

• A dime is a tenth of a dollar.一角银币是十分之一美元。
• The liberty torch is on the back of the dime.自由火炬在一角硬币的反面。

9 bribes   

n.贿赂( bribe的名词复数 )；向（某人）行贿，贿赂v.贿赂( bribe的第三人称单数 )；向（某人）行贿，贿赂

参考例句：

• It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
• corrupt officials accepting bribes 接受贿赂的贪官污吏

10 bums   

n. 游荡者，流浪汉，懒鬼，闹饮，屁股 adj. 没有价值的，不灵光的，不合理的 vt. 令人失望，乞讨 vi. 混日子，以乞讨为生

参考例句：

• The other guys are considered'sick" or "bums". 其他的人则被看成是“病态”或“废物”。
• You'll never amount to anything, you good-for-nothing bums! 这班没出息的东西，一辈子也不会成器。

11 seduced   

诱奸( seduce的过去式和过去分词 )； 勾引； 诱使堕落； 使入迷

参考例句：

• The promise of huge profits seduced him into parting with his money. 高额利润的许诺诱使他把钱出了手。
• His doctrines have seduced many into error. 他的学说把许多人诱入歧途。

12 villa   

n.别墅，城郊小屋

参考例句：

• We rented a villa in France for the summer holidays.我们在法国租了一幢别墅消夏。
• We are quartered in a beautiful villa.我们住在一栋漂亮的别墅里。

13 rumours   

n.传闻( rumour的名词复数 )；风闻；谣言；谣传

参考例句：

• The rumours were completely baseless. 那些谣传毫无根据。
• Rumours of job losses were later confirmed. 裁员的传言后来得到了证实。

14 gathering   

n.集会，聚会，聚集

参考例句：

• He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
• He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。

15 alleys   

胡同，小巷( alley的名词复数 )； 小径

参考例句：

• I followed him through a maze of narrow alleys. 我紧随他穿过一条条迂迴曲折的窄巷。
• The children lead me through the maze of alleys to the edge of the city. 孩子们领我穿过迷宫一般的街巷，来到城边。

16 deserted   

adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的

参考例句：

• The deserted village was filled with a deathly silence.这个荒废的村庄死一般的寂静。
• The enemy chieftain was opposed and deserted by his followers.敌人头目众叛亲离。

17 nervously   

adv.神情激动地，不安地

参考例句：

• He bit his lip nervously,trying not to cry.他紧张地咬着唇，努力忍着不哭出来。
• He paced nervously up and down on the platform.他在站台上情绪不安地走来走去。

18 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

19 deterred   

v.阻止，制止( deter的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• I told him I wasn't interested, but he wasn't deterred. 我已告诉他我不感兴趣，可他却不罢休。
• Jeremy was not deterred by this criticism. 杰里米没有因这一批评而却步。 来自辞典例句

20 mazes   

迷宫( maze的名词复数 )； 纷繁复杂的规则； 复杂难懂的细节； 迷宫图

参考例句：

• The mazes of the dance were ecstatic. 跳舞那种错综曲折，叫人快乐得如登九天。
• For two hours did this singlehearted and simpleminded girl toil through the mazes of the forest. 这位心地单纯的傻姑娘在林间曲径中艰难地走了两个来小时。

21 promising   

adj.有希望的，有前途的

参考例句：

• The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
• We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。

22 propitious   

adj.吉利的；顺利的

参考例句：

• The circumstances were not propitious for further expansion of the company.这些情况不利于公司的进一步发展。
• The cool days during this week are propitious for out trip.这种凉爽的天气对我们的行程很有好处。

23 incitement   

激励； 刺激； 煽动； 激励物

参考例句：

• incitement to racial hatred 种族仇恨的挑起
• Interest is an incitement to study. 兴趣刺激学习。