经济学人230:加拿大国内的恐怖主义

 　　Terror inCanada

　　加拿大国内的恐怖主义

　　Losing your immunity¹

　　失去免疫力

　　Attacks on soldiers in a mainly tranquil² land stir talk of global action against terror

　　士兵在一片宁静的土地上遭受袭击引发了全球有关反恐行动的讨论

　　IT WAS a sombre Stephen Harper who addressed Canadians on October 22nd. A lone³ gunman had fatally shot a young soldier standing⁴ guard at the National War Memorial in the capital,Ottawa, and then entered Canada's parliament building where he was killed. The prime minister linked the shooting to the murder earlier in the week of another Canadian soldier. Both, he said, were a grim reminder⁵ that Canadais not immune to the type of terrorist attacks seen around the world.

　　10月22日，加拿大总理斯蒂芬·哈珀向全加拿大人民发表了一次沉重的讲话。在渥太华，一名持枪者射杀了一位守卫在国家战争纪念碑旁的年轻士兵，并进入附近的会议大楼，最终在楼内被击毙。总理将此次枪击案和本周早一些的另一起士兵被袭击的案件联系在一起。同时，他说，这冷酷地提醒着我们加拿大无法免疫在世界其他地方看到的那些恐怖袭击。

　　His government would redouble its efforts to work with its allies in fighting terrorist organisations abroad, the Conservative prime minister vowed⁶. It would also “take all the necessary steps” to identify and counter threats at home.

　　保守党首相发誓，他的政府将与其盟国一起加倍努力，打击海外的恐怖主义；同时，他将“采取一切可能的行动”来识别和打击国内的威胁。

　　加拿大国内的恐怖主义.jpg

　　In fact, this was not the first time Canada's parliament had been a target, nor was it the biggest terrorist attack in the country's history. An inept⁷ bomber⁸ intent on killing⁹ as many MPs as possible blew himself up in the same building in 1966, and an armed man hijacked¹⁰ a bus and fired shots outside parliament in 1989. The 1985 bombing of an Air India flight to London from Toronto, in which 329 people died, remains¹¹ the largest terror attack originating inCanada.

　　事实上，加拿大议会大楼不是第一次成为恐怖袭击的目标，这次袭击也不是该国历史上最大的一次恐怖袭击。1966年，为了杀死尽可能多的议员，一架轰炸机在该大楼里引爆了自身携带的炸药；1989年，一名武装分子劫持了一辆公共汽车并在议会大楼外开枪；1985年，印度航空公司的一架从多伦多飞向伦敦的飞机炸毁，329人遇难，这是源自加拿大的最大的一起恐怖袭击。

　　But two things gave this week's strike added impact. It badly frightened MPs, most of whom had gathered for weekly caucus¹² meetings in rooms on either side of the corridor where the gunman exchanged fire with security officers. They used furniture to construct makeshift barricades¹³ and had to remain shut away for hours. Second, it took place amid a heated debate over the Conservative government's decision to increase anti-terrorist powers at home and to join the military campaign led by the United States against Islamic State in Iraq.

　　但是有两件事加大了本次袭击的影响力。首先，它极大地恐吓了议员，当时大多数议员正在走廊两侧的房间里开每周例行的党团会议，而走廊里，枪手正与保安人员激烈交火。议员们用家具抵住大门，阻止枪手闯入，坚持了好几个小时。其次，此次袭击旨在强烈抗击保守党政府所做的加强国内反恐力量，以及加入美国领导的打击伊拉克极端组织“伊斯兰国”的军事行动的决定。

　　Mr Harper chose to interpret the shooting as part of a broader bid by terrorist groups to bring “their savagery¹⁴ to our shores”. Missives from his office after the attack underlined this message. He had telephone conversations with President Barack Obama, and with Binyamin Netanyahu and Tony Abbott, the prime ministers of Israel and Australia. John Baird, the foreign minister, took up the theme of global solidarity¹⁵ against terror: he said in a tweet that he had told John Kerry,America's secretary of state, “This is why we're with you. This only makes our resolve stronger.”

　　哈珀先生选择将此次枪击事件解释为恐怖组织“将他们的野蛮带向我们国家”的一次巨大冒险。事件发生后从他办公室流出的信件突出体现了这一观点。他分别与美国总统巴拉克?奥巴马，以色列总统本雅明?内塔尼亚胡和澳大利亚总统托尼?阿博特通了电话。外交部长约翰·贝尔德提起了全球团结一致反恐的主题，他在一条tweet（即Twitter上的留言）里说，他告诉美国国务卿约翰·克里“这就是我们要和你们结盟的原因。袭击事件只会让我们更加坚定反恐的决心。”

　　It was unclear as The Economist¹⁶ went to press whether the gunman, a Canadian named Michael Zehaf-Bibeau, had links to any terrorist group, but he was described by a person who met him at a mosque¹⁷ in British Columbia as having a “disturbing” side, suggesting mental-health problems. Nor was there any sign of a link to Martin Couture-Rouleau, shot dead by police on October 20th after he struck two soldiers with his car, killing one, near a military academy in Quebec. Mr Couture-Rouleau was under sporadic¹⁸ surveillance and his passport had been seized because he was one of an estimated 130 Canadians whom the security services suspected of terrorist leanings. Mr Zehaf-Bibeau had also been barred from travelling.

　　在《经济学人》付印时，我们还不能确定那位名叫迈克尔·泽哈夫·比博的加拿大枪手是否与某一个恐怖组织有关，不过，据一个在不列颠哥伦比亚省清真寺见过他的人描述，他是一个“令人不安”的人，可能患有心理疾病。同时，也没有证据表示该枪手与Martin Couture-Rouleau有联系。10月20日，在魁北克附近的军事学院，Martin Couture-Rouleau开着车向两名士兵开枪，并最终被击毙。Couture-Rouleau先生现在被不定时地监视着，并且被没收了护照，因为安全服务部认为有130个加拿大人有恐怖主义领导人的嫌疑，而他是其中之一。Zehaf-Bibeau先生也被中断了旅行。

　　The two main opposition¹⁹ leaders, Thomas Mulcair of the New Democrats²⁰ and Justin Trudeau of the Liberals, avoided making any political hay out of the incident, and neither posited²¹ any theory about a terrorist plot. “We woke up this morning in a country blessed by love, diversity and peace, and tomorrow we will do the same,” said Mr Mulcair, leader of the official opposition. Mr Trudeau referred to the gunman as a criminal and said that Canada was a nation of fairness, justice and the rule of law, and should not be intimidated²² into changing that.

　　两大对立政党的领导人，新民主党的Thomas Mulcair和自由党的贾斯汀·特鲁多，都没有利用这次事件来达到什么政治目的，同时也没有提出任何有关恐怖阴谋的理论。“今天，我们在一个充满爱、多样性和和平的国度里醒来，明天我们仍会如此。”官方反对党领袖Mulcair先生这样说道。特鲁多先生认为枪手是一名罪犯，并说加拿大是一个公平、正义和法制的国家，不应该因为畏惧而改变这一点。

　　Yet intimidation²³ seemed contagious²⁴. Legislatures across the country boosted security, as did some large cities like Toronto. An ice-hockey game scheduled for October 22nd in Ottawa between two National Hockey League teams was cancelled. In the province of Quebec, soldiers were warned they could be targets and should avoid wearing their uniforms when off duty.

　　然而，恐惧是会传染的。立法机构在全国范围内推动加强安全措施，就像多伦多这样的大城市做的那样。原定于10月22日在渥太华举行的两国冰球联盟赛被取消了。在魁北克，士兵们被提醒他们仍有可能是别人的目标，且不当值时最好不要穿制服。

　　Such an atmosphere will make it easier for the government to pass counterterrorism legislation which would give the Canadian Security Intelligence Service a freer hand to pursue investigations²⁵ and work with foreign counterparts. Yet that will not deal with one immediate²⁶ problem revealed by the gunman—security in the parliamentary precinct. In the days ahead, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the national force responsible for guarding Parliament Hill, will have to explain how it was possible for an armed man to walk across the lawn in broad daylight and gain access unhindered into Canada's seat of government. It should surely be possible to prevent that without a draconian²⁷ regime.

　　这样的气氛会使政府更容易通过反恐立法，这能让加拿大安全情报局自由地展开调查并与国外同盟合作。然而，这不能解决枪手带来的一个迫在眉睫的问题—议会分局的安全问题。在未来几天，负责守卫国会山的加拿大皇家骑警，不得不解释一下一个武装分子如何能在光天化日之下穿过草坪，畅通无阻地进入加拿大政府所在地。即使没有一个严厉的政权，这也是可以被避免的。

1 immunity   

n.优惠；免除；豁免，豁免权

参考例句：

• The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
• He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。

2 tranquil   

adj. 安静的, 宁静的, 稳定的, 不变的

参考例句：

• The boy disturbed the tranquil surface of the pond with a stick. 那男孩用棍子打破了平静的池面。
• The tranquil beauty of the village scenery is unique. 这乡村景色的宁静是绝无仅有的。

3 lone   

adj.孤寂的，单独的；唯一的

参考例句：

• A lone sea gull flew across the sky.一只孤独的海鸥在空中飞过。
• She could see a lone figure on the deserted beach.她在空旷的海滩上能看到一个孤独的身影。

4 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

5 reminder   

n.提醒物，纪念品；暗示，提示

参考例句：

• I have had another reminder from the library.我又收到图书馆的催还单。
• It always took a final reminder to get her to pay her share of the rent.总是得发给她一份最后催缴通知，她才付应该交的房租。

6 vowed   

起誓，发誓（vow的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• He vowed quite solemnly that he would carry out his promise. 他非常庄严地发誓要实现他的诺言。
• I vowed to do more of the cooking myself. 我发誓自己要多动手做饭。

7 inept   

adj.不恰当的，荒谬的，拙劣的

参考例句：

• Whan an inept remark to make on such a formal occasion.在如此正式的场合，怎么说这样不恰当的话。
• He's quite inept at tennis.他打网球太笨。

8 bomber   

n.轰炸机，投弹手，投掷炸弹者

参考例句：

• He flew a bomber during the war.他在战时驾驶轰炸机。
• Detectives hunting the London bombers will be keen to interview him.追查伦敦爆炸案凶犯的侦探们急于对他进行讯问。

9 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

10 hijacked   

劫持( hijack的过去式和过去分词 )； 绑架； 拦路抢劫； 操纵（会议等，以推销自己的意图）

参考例句：

• The plane was hijacked by two armed men on a flight from London to Rome. 飞机在从伦敦飞往罗马途中遭到两名持械男子劫持。
• The plane was hijacked soon after it took off. 那架飞机起飞后不久被劫持了。

11 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

12 caucus   

n.秘密会议；干部会议；v.（参加）干部开会议

参考例句：

• This multi-staged caucus takes several months.这个多级会议常常历时好几个月。
• It kept the Democratic caucus from fragmenting.它也使得民主党的核心小组避免了土崩瓦解的危险。

13 barricades   

路障，障碍物( barricade的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The police stormed the barricades the demonstrators had put up. 警察冲破了示威者筑起的街垒。
• Others died young, in prison or on the barricades. 另一些人年轻时就死在监牢里或街垒旁。

14 savagery   

n.野性

参考例句：

• The police were shocked by the savagery of the attacks.警察对这些惨无人道的袭击感到震惊。
• They threw away their advantage by their savagery to the black population.他们因为野蛮对待黑人居民而丧失了自己的有利地位。

15 solidarity   

n.团结；休戚相关

参考例句：

• They must preserve their solidarity.他们必须维护他们的团结。
• The solidarity among China's various nationalities is as firm as a rock.中国各族人民之间的团结坚如磐石。

16 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

17 mosque   

n.清真寺

参考例句：

• The mosque is a activity site and culture center of Muslim religion.清真寺为穆斯林宗教活动场所和文化中心。
• Some years ago the clock in the tower of the mosque got out of order.几年前，清真寺钟楼里的大钟失灵了。

18 sporadic   

adj.偶尔发生的 [反]regular；分散的

参考例句：

• The sound of sporadic shooting could still be heard.仍能听见零星的枪声。
• You know this better than I.I received only sporadic news about it.你们比我更清楚，而我听到的只是零星消息。

19 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

20 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

21 posited   

v.假定，设想，假设( posit的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Several writers have posited the idea of a universal consciousness. 有几个作者都假设存在普遍意识。 来自辞典例句
• All cash receipts should be recorded and de-posited daily. 所有的现金收据应该被每日记录和存放。 来自互联网

22 intimidated   

v.恐吓；威胁adj.害怕的；受到威胁的

参考例句：

• We try to make sure children don't feel intimidated on their first day at school. 我们努力确保孩子们在上学的第一天不胆怯。
• The thief intimidated the boy into not telling the police. 这个贼恫吓那男孩使他不敢向警察报告。 来自《简明英汉词典》

23 intimidation   

n.恐吓，威胁

参考例句：

• The Opposition alleged voter intimidation by the army.反对党声称投票者受到军方的恐吓。
• The gang silenced witnesses by intimidation.恶帮用恐吓的手段使得证人不敢说话。

24 contagious   

adj.传染性的，有感染力的

参考例句：

• It's a highly contagious infection.这种病极易传染。
• He's got a contagious laugh.他的笑富有感染力。

25 investigations   

（正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究

参考例句：

• His investigations were intensive and thorough but revealed nothing. 他进行了深入彻底的调查，但没有发现什么。
• He often sent them out to make investigations. 他常常派他们出去作调查。

26 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

27 draconian   

adj.严苛的；苛刻的；严酷的；龙一样的

参考例句：

• You can't expect the people to obey such draconian regulations.你不能指望人民服从如此严苛的规定。
• The city needs a draconian way of dealing with robbers.这个城市需要一个严苛的办法来对付强盗。