经济学人252:在圣保罗骑行 热带的哥本哈根

 　　Cycling in Sao Paulo

　　在圣保罗骑行

　　Tropic of Copenhagen

　　热带的哥本哈根

　　A city fights its car addiction¹

　　城市戒车瘾

　　SaO PAULO'S obsession² with the automobile³ is well documented. It first hosted a Formula 1 Grand Prix in 1973; a motorway⁴ is named after Ayrton Senna, a local son and three-time world champion killed in a crash 20 years ago. The city has 5.6m cars, nearly one for every two people. The result is congestion⁵. Taken together, afternoon jams often exceed 100km (62 miles). One recent study found that the average paulistano spends nearly three hours in daily commutes⁶.

　　The city's mayor, Fernando Haddad, says this cannot go on. Since taking office in 2013 he has tried to cajole paulistanos out of cars and onto bicycles. On November 18th a 700-metre stretch of cycle lanes was completed, bringing the total to 179km. Fully⁷ 117km have been laid since June, more than in the previous 33 years, when city hall first mulled them. Mr Haddad has promised 400km by the end of 2015, which would put the city on a par⁸ with cycle-centric Copenhagen.

　　He faces an uphill climb worthy⁹ of the Tour de France. Sao Paulo is not naturally bike-friendly. Multi-lane arteries¹⁰ and ring roads link the periphery¹¹, where most people live, to the centre where the jobs are. This creates sprawl¹².

　　巴西圣保罗州对汽车的痴迷从档案就可见一斑。早在1973年，该州就举办过F1一级方程式锦标赛；有一个赛车道就是以埃尔顿·塞纳命名的，他是当地人，获得三次世界冠军，但是在20年前的一次事故中这颗巨星不幸陨落。这座城市的汽车保有量达到560万，几乎每两个人就拥有一部汽车。其后果就是交通堵塞。堵塞路段加起来，下午的堵塞经常超过100千米（约合62英里）。近期的一项调查发现，圣保罗人每天花在路上的时间平均下来将近3小时。圣保罗市长费尔南多·哈达德称这一现象将会终止。自2013年上任以来，他努力劝导圣保罗人放弃开汽车改骑自行车。11月18日，一条宽700米的自行车道竣工，全场179千米。自六月以来，117千米的自行车道就已竣工，这比33年以前的总和还多，那时市政厅就对此作仔细考虑。哈达德承诺到2015年自行车道里程将达到400千米，而这，将会使圣保罗市与自行车驱动的哥本哈根一样。他所面临的上坡路其意义堪比环法自行车赛。圣保罗并不是一开始就十一自行车出行。多车道要道和环城路连接了城郊，这些城郊容纳了该市主要人口，让他们能够到市中心工作。于是导致了圣保罗市的无计划扩张。

　　在圣保罗骑行.jpg

　　Unlike Buenos Aires, which has taken to two wheels with gusto, Sao Paulo is also muscle-strainingly hilly. It is unsafe, too. In London, with more bicycle trips, 14 cyclists perished in traffic last year; in Sao Paulo 37 did. Many drivers have little patience for non-motorised road users.

　　与首都布宜诺斯艾利斯适宜两轮自行车不同的是，圣保罗多山，骑行非常累，而且不安全。在伦敦，由于人们骑自行车远足，去年14个自行车手死于交通事故，而圣保罗的数据是37人。许多驾驶员对非机动车道路上的骑行者没有一点耐心。

　　Nine in ten paulistanos say they want the cycle network extended. In practice, some are less keen. In the short run congestion may worsen as bike lanes impinge on precious road space. Vicente Safon, who runs a bakery in Higienópolis, a leafy district, came to work recently to find one being traced on his doorstep. Deliveries of flour in 50kg (110lb) sacks had to be lugged¹⁴ from a distant side street. Mr Safon complained; a 50-metre stretch was painted over in asphalt grey—to the relief of the baker¹³, if not the bikers, who now find themselves in a car lane with no warning.Such kerfuffles are inevitable¹⁵, says Leonardo Barchini, a city-hall spokesman. He hopes the kinks can be ironed out, for instance by allowing delivery vehicles to stop on bike lanes at certain times.

　　圣保罗人里十个有九个称他们希望拓展他们城市的自行车道网络。实际上，有些人的意愿并不是那么热切。短期来看，由于自行车道对之前的公路系统有影响，交通拥堵的状况可能会加剧。文森特·赛风在Higienópolis经营一家面包店，该地区树木众多。近期来工作的他发现自行车道都修到他的门口。运送50千克一麻袋的面粉不得不从很远的街道另一边拖过来。赛风抱怨道，50米宽的车道被涂上沥青灰，以让面包师安心。倘若不是那些骑行者，谁会在没有警告的机动车道危险穿行。市政厅的发言人Leonardo Barchini声称这样的混乱是不可避免的。他希望这让人着恼的事能尽快得到解决，比如在特定的时间段允许货运车暂时停靠在自行车道。

　　Changing Sao Paulo's car culture will be hard, admits Nabil Bonduki, a city-council man leading the pro-cycling peloton. But he takes heart from Copenhagen. When the Danish capital first mooted¹⁶ bike lanes 30 years ago many residents were dead-set against them. Now 36% of commuter¹⁷ trips are by cycle.

　　纳比尔，圣保罗市委员会倡导自行车化集团的首领承认改变圣保罗市的汽车文化任重道远。但是他从哥本哈根获得勇气和启迪。30年前，丹麦首都哥本哈根开始商讨修建自行车道时，许多居民都坚决反对。然而现在36%的远足都是骑行发生的。

1 addiction   

n.上瘾入迷，嗜好

参考例句：

• He stole money from his parents to feed his addiction.他从父母那儿偷钱以满足自己的嗜好。
• Areas of drug dealing are hellholes of addiction,poverty and murder.贩卖毒品的地区往往是吸毒上瘾、贫困和发生谋杀的地方。

2 obsession   

n.困扰，无法摆脱的思想(或情感)

参考例句：

• I was suffering from obsession that my career would be ended.那时的我陷入了我的事业有可能就此终止的困扰当中。
• She would try to forget her obsession with Christopher.她会努力忘记对克里斯托弗的迷恋。

3 automobile   

n.汽车，机动车

参考例句：

• He is repairing the brake lever of an automobile.他正在修理汽车的刹车杆。
• The automobile slowed down to go around the curves in the road.汽车在路上转弯时放慢了速度。

4 motorway   

n.高速公路，快车道

参考例句：

• Our car had a breakdown on the motorway.我们的汽车在高速公路上抛锚了。
• A maniac driver sped 35 miles along the wrong side of a motorway at 110 mph.一个疯狂的司机以每小时110英里的速度在高速公路上逆行飙车35英里。

5 congestion   

n.阻塞，消化不良

参考例句：

• The congestion in the city gets even worse during the summer.夏天城市交通阻塞尤为严重。
• Parking near the school causes severe traffic congestion.在学校附近泊车会引起严重的交通堵塞。

6 commutes   

上下班路程( commute的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• She commutes from Oxford to London every day. 她每天上下班往返于牛津与伦敦之间。
• Barbara lives in Oxford and commutes. 芭芭拉住在牛津，通勤往来。

7 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

8 par   

n.标准，票面价值，平均数量；adj.票面的，平常的，标准的

参考例句：

• Sales of nylon have been below par in recent years.近年来尼龙织品的销售额一直不及以往。
• I don't think his ability is on a par with yours.我认为他的能力不能与你的能力相媲美。

9 worthy   

adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的

参考例句：

• I did not esteem him to be worthy of trust.我认为他不值得信赖。
• There occurred nothing that was worthy to be mentioned.没有值得一提的事发生。

10 arteries   

n.动脉( artery的名词复数 )；干线，要道

参考例句：

• Even grafting new blood vessels in place of the diseased coronary arteries has been tried. 甚至移植新血管代替不健康的冠状动脉的方法都已经试过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• This is the place where the three main arteries of West London traffic met. 这就是伦敦西部三条主要交通干线的交汇处。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 periphery   

n.(圆体的)外面；周围

参考例句：

• Geographically, the UK is on the periphery of Europe.从地理位置上讲，英国处于欧洲边缘。
• The periphery of the retina is very sensitive to motion.视网膜的外围对运动非常敏感。

12 sprawl   

vi.躺卧，扩张，蔓延；vt.使蔓延；n.躺卧，蔓延

参考例句：

• In our garden,bushes are allowed to sprawl as they will.在我们园子里，灌木丛爱怎么蔓延就怎么蔓延。
• He is lying in a sprawl on the bed.他伸开四肢躺在床上。

13 baker   

n.面包师

参考例句：

• The baker bakes his bread in the bakery.面包师在面包房内烤面包。
• The baker frosted the cake with a mixture of sugar and whites of eggs.面包师在蛋糕上撒了一层白糖和蛋清的混合料。

14 lugged   

vt.用力拖拉（lug的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• She lugged the heavy case up the stairs. 她把那只沉甸甸的箱子拖上了楼梯。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They used to yell that at football when you lugged the ball. 踢足球的时候，逢着你抢到球，人们总是对你这样嚷嚷。 来自辞典例句

15 inevitable   

adj.不可避免的，必然发生的

参考例句：

• Mary was wearing her inevitable large hat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。
• The defeat had inevitable consequences for British policy.战败对英国政策不可避免地产生了影响。

16 mooted   

adj.未决定的，有争议的，有疑问的v.提出…供讨论( moot的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The is sue was mooted on the Senate floor. 该问题在参院被提出讨论。 来自辞典例句
• The question mooted in the board meeting is still a moot point. 那个在董事会上（提出讨论）的问题仍（未决的）。 来自互联网

17 commuter   

n.(尤指市郊之间)乘公交车辆上下班者

参考例句：

• Police cordoned off the road and diverted commuter traffic. 警察封锁了道路并分流交通。
• She accidentally stepped on his foot on a crowded commuter train. 她在拥挤的通勤列车上不小心踩到了他的脚。