经济学人313:德国左派的胜利 图林根州的十一月革命

 　　Germany's far left

　　德国左派的胜利

　　Thuringia's November revolution

　　图林根州的十一月革命

　　It may become the first state run by the heirs of East Germany's communists

　　图林根州也许会成为第一个由东德共产党继承者执政的联邦州

　　Ramelow on the high road to power

　　拉梅罗可谓平步青云

　　NEXT weekend Germany celebrates the 25th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall. Yet a few days before that, Die Linke (The Left), the party that descends² from the communists who ran the old East Germany, may take charge of one of reunified Germany's 16 states (Thuringia) for the first time.

　　下个周末，德国将庆祝柏林墙倒塌25周年。然而在几天前，源于前东德共产党的德国左翼党可能第一次执政图林根州—德国十六州之一。

　　The mainstream³ parties treat The Left as pariahs⁴ in the federal Bundestag. The party jeers⁵ from the backbenches and fights internal vendettas⁶. It hates capitalism⁷ and wants to scrap⁸ NATO. In debates over Ukraine many Leftists have blamed America more than Russia's Vladimir Putin. Their parliamentary leader, Gregor Gysi, refuses to call the East German regime an “unjust state”.

　　左党一直被主流政党视为德国联邦议院的贱民，因为其后座议员的地位以及党内斗争而受到其他政党的嘲笑。他们厌恶资本主义并打算让北约解体。在乌克兰之争中， 许多左派人士倾向于指责美国而不是俄罗斯。左党的议会领袖Gregor Gysi拒绝称东德政权是一个“不公正的国家”。

　　德国左派的胜利.jpg

　　In state and local governments in eastern Germany, however, The Left has become a home for many Ossis (Easterners), who tend to be apolitical and feel vaguely⁹ frustrated¹⁰. They vote Left partly for reasons of “Ostalgie”. In Brandenburg The Left governs boringly as junior partner in a “red-red” coalition¹¹ with the Social Democrats¹² (SPD). But Thuringia presents a new opportunity. In its election in September the Christian¹³ Democrats (CDU), the party of Chancellor¹⁴ Angela Merkel, came first, with 33%. But The Left came a strong second with 28%. It could now eke¹ out a tiny majority if it combined with the other two left-leaning parties: the SPD and the Greens.

　　但是在东德的州政府和地方政府中，左党变成了Ossis (东德人)的大本营，东德人似乎不关心政治，茫然失落。他们以“东德情结”为由给左党投票。在勃兰登堡，左党以“红红”联盟中社会民主党人（SPD）的新合伙人身份进行沉闷无趣的统治管理。但是图林根提供了一个新的机遇。在9月份的选举中，以德国总理安吉拉·默克尔为领袖的基民盟(CDU)，以33%的选票位列第一。左党来势汹汹，以28%的支持率暂居第二。如果左党可以和其他两个左倾政党：社民党和绿党联合的话，就能以微小的优势成为多数党。

　　To many on Germany's centre-left such a “red-red-green” alliance is the holy grail at the federal level to replace governments led by Mrs Merkel. In Thuringia (as in the rest of Germany) the CDU rules in coalition with the SPD. The SPD has paid dearly there, winning a meagre 12% of the vote in September. So the state's Social Democrats want to try joining with The Left and the Greens instead. Thuringia's 4,300 SPD members are expected to say yes to the idea on November 4th. The Left could lead its first-ever state government by December.

　　对于那些支持中左派“红红绿”联盟的人来说，以默克尔为首的政府下台真是一件在联邦层次大快人心的事情。图林根州（德国其他州也一样）由基民盟和社民党联合执政。社民党在图林根州付出了高昂的代价，却仅仅在9月的选举中获得了微薄的12%的选票。所以该州的社民党转而联合左党和绿党。图林根州中4300社民党人想在11月4号对这个想法表示支持。如果这样，左党可能在12月份首次执政联邦州。

　　Its premier¹⁵ would be Bodo Ramelow. A western transplant in Thuringia, he personally brings no baggage from East German times. And although he was a firebrand unionist once, he counts as a moderate by The Left's standards. Thuringians fret¹⁶ less about him than about the stability of a government that would have only a one-seat majority.

　　左党的领袖将会是拉梅罗。受图林根西德文化的影响，拉梅罗个人行事并不受前东德色彩的影响。尽管他曾经是极具煽动性的工会主义者，但按左党标准看来却是一个温和派。相比于拉梅罗，图林根州人更担心一席多数政府的稳定问题。

　　The overarching question is whether a red-red-green government in Thuringia could foreshadow a similar experiment in the Bundestag (albeit with an SPD chancellor). It would be much harder to do in national politics, where foreign and security policy cleaves¹⁷ a wide gulf¹⁸ between the two red parties. And yet the SPD is in a terrible bind¹⁹. Increasingly, it merely holds the stirrups for others to mount: Mrs Merkel in Berlin, now Mr Ramelow in Erfurt. The SPD's thirst for national power may yet force it to turn to The Left in the Bundestag.

　　现在首要的问题在于出现在图林根的红红绿政府是否同样会出现在联邦议会中（尽管现在由社民党执政）。这种情况在国家政治中更难实现，因为这两个红色政党在外交和安全政策上存在巨大的鸿沟。但社民党处于可怕的窘境中。它逐渐让其他政党顺势上位：柏林的基民盟，现在埃尔福特的左党。社民党党对国家权力的极度渴望可能会迫使他转向联邦议院的左党。

　　1.want to 想去；想要

　　例句:When life gets hard and you want to give up, remember that life is full of ups and downs, and without the downs, the ups would mean nothing.

　　当生活很艰难，你想要放弃的时候，请记住，生活充满了起起落落，如果没有低谷，那站在高处也失去了意义。

　　2.refuse to 不肯；拒绝

　　例句:I refuse to act that way when my kids fight.

　　我的孩子们打起架来时，我不会那样做。

　　3.tend to 倾向于；趋向

　　例句:The wind is tending to the south.

　　风势转为南。

　　4.combine with 与结合；使结合

　　例句:Combine the flour with 3 tablespoons water to make a paste.

　　往面粉里加3大勺水揉成面团。

1 eke   

v.勉强度日，节约使用

参考例句：

• They had to eke out a livinga tiny income.他们不得不靠微薄收入勉强度日。
• We must try to eke out our water supply.我们必须尽量节约用水。

2 descends   

v.下来( descend的第三人称单数 )；下去；下降；下斜

参考例句：

• This festival descends from a religious rite. 这个节日起源于宗教仪式。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The path descends steeply to the village. 小路陡直而下直到村子。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 mainstream   

n.（思想或行为的）主流；adj.主流的

参考例句：

• Their views lie outside the mainstream of current medical opinion.他们的观点不属于当今医学界观点的主流。
• Polls are still largely reflects the mainstream sentiment.民调还在很大程度上反映了社会主流情绪。

4 pariahs   

n.被社会遗弃者( pariah的名词复数 )；贱民

参考例句：

• Despite the trading frenzy, Fannie and Freddie have become pariahs. 尽管他们仍旧被疯狂的交易着，但是两房已经沦为末流。 来自互联网
• This effect remains until the Pariahs are eliminated. 直到贱民的这一个效果残余物被除去。 来自互联网

5 jeers   

n.操纵帆桁下部（使其上下的）索具；嘲讽( jeer的名词复数 )v.嘲笑( jeer的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• They shouted jeers at him. 他们大声地嘲讽他。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The jeers from the crowd caused the speaker to leave the platform. 群众的哄笑使讲演者离开讲台。 来自辞典例句

6 vendettas   

n.家族世仇( vendetta的名词复数 )；族间仇杀；长期争斗；积怨

参考例句：

• I'm not getting involved in your personal vendettas. 我没有牵扯到你们的私人恩怨里。 来自互联网

7 capitalism   

n.资本主义

参考例句：

• The essence of his argument is that capitalism cannot succeed.他的论点的核心是资本主义不能成功。
• Capitalism began to develop in Russia in the 19th century.十九世纪资本主义在俄国开始发展。

8 scrap   

n.碎片；废料；v.废弃，报废

参考例句：

• A man comes round regularly collecting scrap.有个男人定时来收废品。
• Sell that car for scrap.把那辆汽车当残品卖了吧。

9 vaguely   

adv.含糊地，暖昧地

参考例句：

• He had talked vaguely of going to work abroad.他含糊其词地说了到国外工作的事。
• He looked vaguely before him with unseeing eyes.他迷迷糊糊的望着前面，对一切都视而不见。

10 frustrated   

adj.挫败的，失意的，泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧

参考例句：

• It's very easy to get frustrated in this job. 这个工作很容易令人懊恼。
• The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

12 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

14 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

15 premier   

adj.首要的；n.总理，首相

参考例句：

• The Irish Premier is paying an official visit to Britain.爱尔兰总理正在对英国进行正式访问。
• He requested that the premier grant him an internview.他要求那位总理接见他一次。

16 fret   

v.(使)烦恼；(使)焦急；(使)腐蚀，(使)磨损

参考例句：

• Don't fret.We'll get there on time.别着急，我们能准时到那里。
• She'll fret herself to death one of these days.她总有一天会愁死的.

17 cleaves   

v.劈开，剁开，割开( cleave的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• This wood cleaves easily. 这木材好劈。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• The water cleaves the banks away like a knife. 河水象一把刀似的，把两岸削掉。 来自辞典例句

18 gulf   

n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂

参考例句：

• The gulf between the two leaders cannot be bridged.两位领导人之间的鸿沟难以跨越。
• There is a gulf between the two cities.这两座城市间有个海湾。

19 bind   

vt.捆，包扎；装订；约束；使凝固；vi.变硬

参考例句：

• I will let the waiter bind up the parcel for you.我让服务生帮你把包裹包起来。
• He wants a shirt that does not bind him.他要一件不使他觉得过紧的衬衫。