经济学人317:大学在伊朗 重新苏醒

 　　Iran's universities

　　大学在伊朗

　　Breathing again

　　重新苏醒

　　The new president is giving students a longer leash¹

　　新总统将为学生提供更大的自由发展空间

　　“AT LEAST one thing hasn't changed”, remarked a Tehran University professor who had recently returned to work after several years. “The faculty² still gossips terribly.” But under President Hassan Rouhani bigger changes onIran's leading campus—and perhaps in universities elsewhere—may also be on the way.

　　“至少有一点没有改变”，德黑兰大学一位重返工作岗位不久的教授对此评论道，“学院里依旧流言四起。”但是在总统哈桑鲁哈尼的带领下，伊朗的主要院校或者各个地方的大学将会发生更大的变化。

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　　One sign of this was the recent sacking ofTehranUniversity's conservative chancellor³. Appointed in 2008 by Mr Rouhani's populist predecessor⁴, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, he had overseen⁵ the expulsion of independent-minded students and academics, promoting mediocre⁶ yes-men and stifling⁷ the intellectual atmosphere.

　　最近德黑兰大学保守派校长的解雇是其迹象之一。在2008年被鲁哈尼总统的前任—拥趸民粹主义的马哈茂德艾哈迈迪内贾德所任命，他曾监督驱逐具有个人主义思想的学生和学者，支持具有中庸思想的服从主义者从而形成了令人窒息的文化氛围。

　　Since his departure, things have loosened up. Last month over 1,000 students gathered to hear a lecture by Immanuel Wallerstein, an 83-year-old, left-wing American sociologist⁸. Widely translated into Persian, he is respected acrossIran's intellectual spectrum⁹, albeit¹⁰ under various interpretations¹¹. For some, he is a herald¹² ofAmerica's decline, affirmingIran's official narrative¹³. For others, he still represents America, even if he challenges the global status quo.

　　自从鲁哈尼的上任以来，这一方面有所放松。上个月有1000多名学生聚集在一起参加了美国83岁的左翼社会学家伊曼纽尔沃勒斯坦的讲座。他的观点被广泛的翻译成波斯语，尽管有着不同的诠释方式，伊曼纽尔沃勒斯坦在伊朗的学术界备受尊重。在一些人看来，他预示着美国的衰落，肯定了伊朗官方的叙述，然而另外一些人认为他依旧代表着美国，尽管他向全球的现状发起了挑战。

　　In the early years of this century, under the presidency¹⁴ of Muhammad Khatami, Western intellectuals visited quite often. Under Mr Ahmadinejad, they virtually stopped coming. But since Mr Rouhani was elected last summer, intellectual waters are being tested again. Hosted by the Iranian Sociological Association, Mr Wallerstein's lecture tour included two other notable universities, atShirazandIsfahan.

　　在本世纪早期，在穆罕默德哈塔米总统的领导下，西方的知识分子经常访问伊朗。在艾哈迈迪内贾德当政时，他们几乎停止了往来。但是自从鲁哈尼去年夏天当选总统，学术界再次活跃起来。在伊朗社会学会的主持下，沃勒斯坦的巡回演讲在另外两所著名的大学设拉子和伊斯法罕举办。

　　Many of the students did not know who he was, but wanted to see an American scholar anyway. When he observed that third-world regimes born out of revolution tended to create the same social and economic problems their founders¹⁵ had promised to solve, a frisson rippled¹⁶ through the ssembly. At the back of the hall, where students craned to see him, whistles and applause erupted.

　　许多学生并不知道沃勒斯坦是谁，但是不管怎么说他们期待着见到这位来自美国的学者。他觉察到诞生于革命的第三世界政权存在着社会经济问题死灰复燃的迹象，而这些问题也正是政权建立者们曾经承诺解决的，这一现象在议会中引起了强烈的反响。在大厅的后面学生们伸长着脖子去看沃勒斯坦，爆发出热烈的掌声和间或的口哨声。

1 leash   

n.牵狗的皮带，束缚；v.用皮带系住

参考例句：

• I reached for the leash,but the dog got in between.我伸手去拿系狗绳，但被狗挡住了路。
• The dog strains at the leash,eager to be off.狗拼命地扯拉皮带，想挣脱开去。

2 faculty   

n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员

参考例句：

• He has a great faculty for learning foreign languages.他有学习外语的天赋。
• He has the faculty of saying the right thing at the right time.他有在恰当的时候说恰当的话的才智。

3 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

4 predecessor   

n.前辈，前任

参考例句：

• It will share the fate of its predecessor.它将遭受与前者同样的命运。
• The new ambassador is more mature than his predecessor.新大使比他的前任更成熟一些。

5 overseen   

v.监督，监视( oversee的过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He was overseen stealing the letters. 他被人撞见在偷信件。 来自辞典例句
• It will be overseen by ThomasLi, director of IBM China Research Laboratory. 该实验室由IBM中国研究院院长李实恭(ThomasLi)引导。 来自互联网

6 mediocre   

adj.平常的，普通的

参考例句：

• The student tried hard,but his work is mediocre. 该生学习刻苦，但学业平庸。
• Only lazybones and mediocre persons could hanker after the days of messing together.只有懒汉庸才才会留恋那大锅饭的年代。

7 stifling   

a.令人窒息的

参考例句：

• The weather is stifling. It looks like rain. 今天太闷热，光景是要下雨。
• We were stifling in that hot room with all the windows closed. 我们在那间关着窗户的热屋子里，简直透不过气来。

8 sociologist   

n.研究社会学的人，社会学家

参考例句：

• His mother was a sociologist,researching socialism.他的母亲是个社会学家，研究社会主义。
• Max Weber is a great and outstanding sociologist.马克斯·韦伯是一位伟大的、杰出的社会学家。

9 spectrum   

n.谱，光谱，频谱；范围，幅度，系列

参考例句：

• This is a kind of atomic spectrum.这是一种原子光谱。
• We have known much of the constitution of the solar spectrum.关于太阳光谱的构成，我们已了解不少。

10 albeit   

conj.即使；纵使；虽然

参考例句：

• Albeit fictional,she seemed to have resolved the problem.虽然是虚构的，但是在她看来好象是解决了问题。
• Albeit he has failed twice,he is not discouraged.虽然失败了两次，但他并没有气馁。

11 interpretations   

n.解释( interpretation的名词复数 )；表演；演绎；理解

参考例句：

• This passage is open to a variety of interpretations. 这篇文章可以有各种不同的解释。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The involved and abstruse passage makes several interpretations possible. 这段艰涩的文字可以作出好几种解释。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

12 herald   

vt.预示...的来临，预告，宣布，欢迎

参考例句：

• In England, the cuckoo is the herald of spring.在英国杜鹃鸟是报春的使者。
• Dawn is the herald of day.曙光是白昼的先驱。

13 narrative   

n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的

参考例句：

• He was a writer of great narrative power.他是一位颇有记述能力的作家。
• Neither author was very strong on narrative.两个作者都不是很善于讲故事。

14 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

15 founders   

n.创始人( founder的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He was one of the founders of the university's medical faculty. 他是该大学医学院的创建人之一。 来自辞典例句
• The founders of our religion made this a cornerstone of morality. 我们宗教的创始人把这看作是道德的基石。 来自辞典例句

16 rippled   

使泛起涟漪（ripple的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• The lake rippled gently. 湖面轻轻地泛起涟漪。
• The wind rippled the surface of the cornfield. 微风吹过麦田，泛起一片麦浪。