经济学人329:意大利非法移民 地中海发生耸人听闻的惨案

 　　Italy's illegal immigrants

　　意大利非法移民

　　Tidal wave

　　海啸

　　More horrific deaths in the Mediterranean¹

　　地中海发生耸人听闻的惨案

　　FEW images of immigrant traffic across the Mediterranean have been as harrowing. Italian TV viewers this week saw the lifeless bodies of 45 African men being lifted, like animal carcasses, from the hold of a fishing boat in which they had tried to reach Europe. Others on the vessel² said the men begged to be let out but, for fear of it capsizing, they were forcibly kept below and suffocated³.

　　每次发生在地中海的移民惨案都令人异常痛心。这周，意大利电视台播报了一组新闻。54个非洲人乘坐一艘渔船想前往欧洲，却不想在船上命丧黄泉。船上的人说这些人祈求将他们放出来，但是为了防止船只颠覆，他们被关在舱底窒息而死。

　　意大利非法移民.jpg

　　Around 5,000 people were picked up by patrol boats on June 28th-29th, the busiest weekend of the year so far. On July 2nd another 70 migrants were reported lost at sea in a separate incident. All this comes after Italy began a search-and-rescue effort called Operation Mare⁴ Nostrum⁵, in response to the tragedy last October in which 360 people drowned off Lampedusa, an island half-way between Sicily and the North African coast. On July 1st the police arrested five Eritreans who prosecutors⁶ said were part of a ring, with bases in Sudan, Libya and Italy, that arranged the latest ill-fated journey. In a wiretapped phone call, one was heard disowning responsibility for their deaths because “it was their fate”.

　　6月28、29日两天，巡逻船逮捕了大约5000人，这是今年截至目前最忙碌的一周。7月2日，据报道70个移民在另一场事故中葬身海底。这些都是在意大利开始称作《地中海运营条例》的搜救工作之后发生的。该项搜救工作是针对去年十月份360人在蓝佩杜萨岛（意属地中海岛屿，位于西西里岛和北非海岸之间）溺亡的事件提出的。7月1日，警察逮捕了5名厄立特里亚人。其检察官说这些人属于一个组织，基地在苏丹、利比亚和意大利，就是他们策划了近期的这些惨案。警察通过窃听器听到其中一个人说否认将他人致死的罪行，因为“这就是他们的命运”。

　　The latest horrors produced more agonised hand-wringing, but no sign that Italian or European Union leaders are any closer to agreeing what should be done. Mare Nostrum completed a U-turn for a country that until 2011 blocked immigrants at sea, returning many to Libya, their main point of departure. Some Italians believe this policy deterred⁷ people from attempting the perilous⁸ crossing, whereas Mare Nostrum encourages them. Matteo Salvini, leader of the xenophobic Northern League, said Italy's prime minister, Matteo Renzi, and his interior minister, Angelino Alfano, were “stained with blood”.

　　最近的恐怖事件引起了更多令人苦恼的绝望情绪，但是意大利或欧盟领导人对应做的措施没有表现出明确的赞同意向。地中海国家的态度有了180度的大转弯，直至2011年，它们拦截了海上的移民，大多数都遣返回到了利比亚——人们主要想逃离的国家。有些意大利人认为这项政策阻止人们尝试这项危险的越境行动，另一方面又在鼓励他们。排外北方战线联盟的领导人Matteo Salvini表示意大利总理Matteo Renzi和司法部长安杰利诺·阿尔法诺“双手沾满了鲜血”。

　　It is true that, since Operation Mare Nostrum began, arrivals in Italy have soared (more than 65,000 so far this year, against around 8,000 in the first half of 2013). But Greece also saw a large rise, of 142%, in the first four months of 2014, as fighting in Syria intensified⁹. The “cruel to be kind” argument for returning migrants has become harder to sustain as Libya lurches from dictatorship to anarchy¹⁰.

　　自从地中海运营条例开始投入实施，意大利的移民人数确是激增（2013年的上半年只有大约8000人，而今年目前已经超过65000人）。而在叙利亚内战激烈进行时，希腊的移民人数也是大幅上涨，2014年的前四个月增长率高达142%。随着利比亚独裁政权解体陷入无政府状态，就遣返移民的“善良就是残忍”的话题很难得到人们的认同。

　　In ever harsher tones, Italian officials have protested that the EU is not helping¹¹ enough. Mr Alfano has threatened unspecified reprisals¹² if Cecilia Malmstrom, the European commissioner¹³ responsible, skips a meeting in Rome to launch Italy's six-month EU presidency¹⁴. But the real obstacles to burden-sharing lie not in Brussels but in national capitals. Italian efforts to put immigration at the top of the agenda for last month's EU summit came to nought¹⁵.

　　意大利官员以发表了更激烈的言辞，抗议欧盟帮助不够。阿尔法诺曾威胁欧盟称如果欧洲委员会的负责人马姆斯壮不出席在罗马举行的意大利6个月的欧盟轮值主席国的就任会议的话，将对其进行报复。但是真正的分担负担的障碍并非来自布鲁塞尔，而是在国家资本。上个月欧盟峰会上，意大利将移民提上日程的头号事件的努力无济于事。

　　Italy's partners argue that they deal with proportionately far more asylum-seekers. In the fourth quarter of 2013 Germany received proportionally three times as many applications as Italy. But none of the others is mounting, for humanitarian¹⁶ reasons, a naval¹⁷ operation comparable to Operation Mare Nostrum. The cost, initially¹⁸ put at 1.5m ($2m) a month, has exploded to 9.5m. As it grows, the Italian government can expect to come under mounting pressure from public opinion to use its EU presidency to force the club to lend it a hand.

　　意大利的伙伴们认为他们自己做出的努力比寻求政治庇护者的努力要多得多。2013年的第四个季度，德国收到的移民申请是意大利的三倍。但是出于人道主义，没有哪个国家的政策可以与《地中海运营条例》相比。搜救费用从最开始的每月150万欧元（折合200万美元）激增到950万欧元。随着费用上涨，意大利政府迫于压力希望能利用担任欧盟轮值主席国的权利强迫其他国家向自己伸出援手。

　　1.fear of 对…恐惧

　　例句:Ignorance of people brings fear, fear of the unknown.

　　人们的无知会带来恐惧，对未知事物的恐惧。

　　2.in response to 对…做出反应

　　例句:Sudan even threat-ened to mobilize in response to the ultima-tums.

　　作为对最后通牒的回应，苏丹甚至威胁说要动员军队。

　　3.come to 苏醒；到达；共计

　　例句:I do hope you'll be able to come to the wedding.

　　我确实希望你能来参加婚礼。

　　4.deal with 处理；对付；应付

　　例句:The deal with Chelsea may not, however, be dead.

　　不过，与切尔西的交易或许还有戏。

1 Mediterranean   

adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的

参考例句：

• The houses are Mediterranean in character.这些房子都属地中海风格。
• Gibraltar is the key to the Mediterranean.直布罗陀是地中海的要冲。

2 vessel   

n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管

参考例句：

• The vessel is fully loaded with cargo for Shanghai.这艘船满载货物驶往上海。
• You should put the water into a vessel.你应该把水装入容器中。

3 suffocated   

（使某人）窒息而死( suffocate的过去式和过去分词 )； （将某人）闷死； 让人感觉闷热； 憋气

参考例句：

• Many dogs have suffocated in hot cars. 许多狗在热烘烘的汽车里给闷死了。
• I nearly suffocated when the pipe of my breathing apparatus came adrift. 呼吸器上的管子脱落时，我差点给憋死。

4 mare   

n.母马，母驴

参考例句：

• The mare has just thrown a foal in the stable.那匹母马刚刚在马厩里产下了一只小马驹。
• The mare foundered under the heavy load and collapsed in the road.那母马因负载过重而倒在路上。

5 nostrum   

n.秘方；妙策

参考例句：

• He told the patient that he had a nostrum.他告诉病人他有秘方。
• Photography studio provide you with a few small nostrum you must use.为您提供一些小妙策你一定用的着。

6 prosecutors   

检举人( prosecutor的名词复数 )； 告发人； 起诉人； 公诉人

参考例句：

• In some places,public prosecutors are elected rather than appointed. 在有些地方，检察官是经选举而非任命产生的。 来自口语例句
• You've been summoned to the Prosecutors' Office, 2 days later. 你在两天以后被宣到了检察官的办公室。

7 deterred   

v.阻止，制止( deter的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• I told him I wasn't interested, but he wasn't deterred. 我已告诉他我不感兴趣，可他却不罢休。
• Jeremy was not deterred by this criticism. 杰里米没有因这一批评而却步。 来自辞典例句

8 perilous   

adj.危险的，冒险的

参考例句：

• The journey through the jungle was perilous.穿过丛林的旅行充满了危险。
• We have been carried in safety through a perilous crisis.历经一连串危机，我们如今已安然无恙。

9 intensified   

v.（使）增强， （使）加剧( intensify的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Violence intensified during the night. 在夜间暴力活动加剧了。
• The drought has intensified. 旱情加剧了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 anarchy   

n.无政府状态；社会秩序混乱，无秩序

参考例句：

• There would be anarchy if we had no police.要是没有警察，社会就会无法无天。
• The country was thrown into a state of anarchy.这国家那时一下子陷入无政府状态。

11 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

12 reprisals   

n.报复（行为）( reprisal的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They did not want to give evidence for fear of reprisals. 他们因为害怕报复而不想作证。
• They took bloody reprisals against the leaders. 他们对领导进行了血腥的报复。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 commissioner   

n.（政府厅、局、处等部门）专员，长官，委员

参考例句：

• The commissioner has issued a warrant for her arrest.专员发出了对她的逮捕令。
• He was tapped for police commissioner.他被任命为警务处长。

14 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

15 nought   

n.／adj.无，零

参考例句：

• We must bring their schemes to nought.我们必须使他们的阴谋彻底破产。
• One minus one leaves nought.一减一等于零。

16 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

17 naval   

adj.海军的，军舰的，船的

参考例句：

• He took part in a great naval battle.他参加了一次大海战。
• The harbour is an important naval base.该港是一个重要的海军基地。

18 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。