经济学人332:土耳其采矿进行时 地下墓地

 　　Mining in Turkey

　　土耳其采矿进行时

　　Death underground

　　地下墓地

　　The tragedy in Soma will also be felt in politics

　　在索玛镇发生的悲剧将在政治斗争中再次上演

　　TURKEY'S prime minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, faces public fury after the country's worst-ever industrial accident. At least 282 miners died after an explosion at the Soma mine in the western province of Manisa on May 13th. Rescue workers battled to rescue hundreds more feared to be trapped in galleries where fires continued to rage. More than 350 were saved. Taner Yildiz, the energy minister, declined to say exactly many people were inside the mine when the accident happened.

　　在土耳其发生了最惨痛的工业事故后，总理雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安（Recep Tayyip Erdogan）面临着民众的暴怒。自5月13日在土耳其西部马尼萨省的索玛煤矿发生一起爆炸事故之后，至少有282名矿工死亡。救援人员奋力抢救被困于地道的数百名群众，而这个地道的火势还在不断增大。逾350人被成功营救。当事故发生后，土耳其能源部长塔内尔·耶尔德兹 (Taner Yildiz) 拒绝公布身处在矿井内部的准确矿工人数。

　　土耳其采矿进行时.jpg

　　A stream of dead miners, faces blackened by coal, were pulled out, as crowds of stricken relatives strained to identify loved ones. “Our hopes are fading,” Mr Yildiz conceded. Most of the dead were killed by carbon monoxide poisoning. The government announced three days of national mourning. Mr Erdogan cancelled a trip to Albania to go to Soma, where he pledged a thorough investigation¹, was booed, and sought refuge in a shop, only to scuffle with furious protesters.

　　一部分被煤块染黑面部的遇难矿工被救出矿井，同时他们的亲人也在努力辨认他们的亲人。“我们的希望正在消逝，”耶尔德兹承认道。遇难者主要丧生于一氧化碳中毒。政府宣布全国哀悼三日。埃尔多安取消了对阿尔巴尼亚的访问而奔赴索玛矿难现场，在矿难现场他许诺彻查事故原因，民众却对其许诺嗤之以鼻，当时他遭到情绪激动的反对者的围攻，在一间商店里得以暂时的庇护。

　　The Soma accident will focus new attention on Turkey's dismal² coal-mining safety record. Nearly 600 miners have died since 1983, before this week. “Eighty percent of these could have been avoided if necessary safety measures had been taken,” fumed³ Mahmut Arslan, chairman of the Hak Is workers' confederation. “The priority is not safety but profitability.” Turkey's economy is energy-hungry: the bill for energy imports is second to China's.

　　索玛事故将重新聚焦土耳其煤矿安全的惨淡记录。在这周之前，自1983年起已有将近600名矿工丧生。“如果采取一些必要的安全措施，这些人中的80％可能会避免遇难，”工人联合会Hak Is的主席Mahmut Arslan气愤的说道。“当务之急不是安全而是收益问题。”土耳其是能源匮乏的经济模式：能源进口量仅次于中国。

　　The labour ministry⁴ gave the Soma mine a clean bill of health in March. On a visit last year, Mr Yildiz heaped praise on it. Yet Ozgur Ozel, a deputy from the opposition⁵ Republican People's Party (CHP), petitioned the parliament in April to launch fresh inspections⁶, saying he had been inundated⁷ with complaints from his constituents⁸ about safety conditions. His bid was rejected by Mr Erdogan's Justice and Development (AK) party. Citing European figures from the mid-19th century, Mr Erdogan insisted such accidents were “natural” and happened “all over the world”. In so doing he “revealed the truth that we [Turkey] are a century behind the times,” tweeted Sezin Oney, a liberal commentator⁹.

　　劳动部于3月份给出了一份索玛矿井的安全问题的详细清单。在去年的一次视察中，Yildiz对此矿井还给予了高度赞扬。然而一位来自反共和党的代表Ozgur Ozel，请求国会于4月份进行一次新的视察，他说他总是收到他的选民关于安全设施问题的投诉。他的请求遭到了埃尔多安的正义与发展党（AK党）的拒绝。引证19世纪中期欧洲的数据统计，埃尔多安坚持认为这种事故是“自然的”并且发生在“世界各地”。他这样做“暴露出了我们（土耳其）生活的时代落后于当前一个世纪，”一个自由评论员Sezin Oney在他的推文上这样说。

　　The disaster may yet unleash¹⁰ more mass protests of the kind that rocked Turkey last summer. These were prompted by government plans to build a shopping mall over Gezi park in Istanbul. Hundreds of protesters have already clashed with police, calling the Soma accident “murder” and demanding that the government resign. In the Istanbul metro¹¹ commuters played dead on platform floors in solidarity¹² with the miners. The trade unions and the pro-Kurdish People's Democracy Party separately called for a nationwide strike on May 15th. All this is unwelcome news for Mr Erdogan who, buoyed¹³ by AK's big win in the March 30th local elections, has set his sights on the Turkish presidency¹⁴ when it comes up for grabs in August.

　　这次的灾难可能再引起更大规模的类似于去年夏季的土耳其动乱的抗议活动。而这暴乱的主因是政府计划将伊斯坦布尔的格兹公园改建为一个大型购物中心。数以百计的抗议者已与警方发生冲突，声讨这桩索玛事件的“谋杀案”并且要求政府下台。在伊斯坦布尔的地铁乘客们，在月台上扮死状以响应团结那些矿工。工会和前库尔德人民民主党分别于5月15日发动全国性罢工。这些消息令埃尔多安颇为不快。埃尔多安是正值3月30日地方选举胜出的AK党（正义与发展党）所支持的，他已将他的目标锁定于将在8月开展争夺的土耳其总统这个职位上。

　　His critics, now led by Fethullah Gulen, Turkey's most influential¹⁵ Muslim cleric, who commands an empire of schools and media outlets¹⁶ from self-imposed exile in Pennsylvania, will seize on the Soma tragedy. A campaign centred on corruption¹⁷ claims linking Mr Erdogan and his family to shady property deals and kickbacks¹⁸ from business cronies is said to have been masterminded by Gulenists in the police and in the judiciary. Mr Erdogan has launched what he admits is “a witch hunt”, demoting and reshuffling hundreds of Gulenists within the bureaucracy.

　　他的批评者们，如今由Fethullah Gulen——这位土耳其最有影响力的穆斯林传教者领导，他曾掌控宾夕法尼亚各大学校和媒体机构，将紧密关注索玛惨剧。一场围绕腐败的指控发起的运动，据说是由警方和司法部门的葛兰主义者所策划的，而这些指控都将埃尔多安和他的家庭与秘密的房地产交易和从商人密友那收取回扣等事件有染。埃尔多安已发动他所承认的“一个政治迫害”，就是在官僚机构内部对数以百计的葛兰主义者进行降职和调整。

　　In Soma he warned against “extremists seeking to exploit this tragedy.” Yet even pro-AK commentators¹⁹ have called for the energy and labour ministers to go.

　　在索玛，然而即使前AK党评论员已经要求能源和劳工部长们前去矿难现场。他仍警告那些“试图利用这次矿难的极端分子。”

　　1.continue to 不断；持续

　　例句:I continue to wash my clothes.

　　我去洗衣服。

　　2.prime minister 首相；总理

　　例句:The Prime Minister has been briefed by her parliamentary aides.

　　首相已听取了她议会助手的简要汇报。

　　3.only to 仅仅为了

　　例句:They are there only to satisfy their ghoulish curiosity.

　　他们去那里纯粹是为了满足其病态的好奇心。

　　4.plan to 打算；计划

　　例句:Both chambers²⁰ plan to vote on that policy before January 15th.

　　两院都打算在1月15日前对那一政策进行投票表决。

1 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

2 dismal   

adj.阴沉的，凄凉的，令人忧郁的，差劲的

参考例句：

• That is a rather dismal melody.那是一支相当忧郁的歌曲。
• My prospects of returning to a suitable job are dismal.我重新找到一个合适的工作岗位的希望很渺茫。

3 fumed   

愤怒( fume的过去式和过去分词 )； 大怒； 发怒； 冒烟

参考例句：

• He fumed with rage because she did not appear. 因为她没出现，所以他大发雷霆。
• He fumed and fretted and did not know what was the matter. 他烦躁，气恼，不知是怎么回事。

4 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

5 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

6 inspections   

n.检查( inspection的名词复数 )；检验；视察；检阅

参考例句：

• Regular inspections are carried out at the prison. 经常有人来视察这座监狱。
• Government inspections ensure a high degree of uniformity in the standard of service. 政府检查确保了在服务标准方面的高度一致。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 inundated   

v.淹没( inundate的过去式和过去分词 )；（洪水般地）涌来；充满；给予或交予（太多事物）使难以应付

参考例句：

• We have been inundated with offers of help. 主动援助多得使我们应接不暇。
• We have been inundated with every bit of information imaginable. 凡是想得到的各种各样的信息潮水般地向我们涌来。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 constituents   

n.选民( constituent的名词复数 )；成分；构成部分；要素

参考例句：

• She has the full support of her constituents. 她得到本区选民的全力支持。
• Hydrogen and oxygen are the constituents of water. 氢和氧是水的主要成分。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 commentator   

n.注释者，解说者；实况广播评论员

参考例句：

• He is a good commentator because he can get across the game.他能简单地解说这场比赛，是个好的解说者。
• The commentator made a big mistake during the live broadcast.在直播节目中评论员犯了个大错误。

10 unleash   

vt.发泄，发出；解带子放开

参考例句：

• They hope to create allies to unleash against diseases,pests,and invasive species.他们希望创造出一些新群体来对付疾病、害虫和一些有侵害性的物种。
• Changing water levels now at times unleash a miasma of disease from exposed sewage.如今，大坝不时地改变水位，从暴露的污水释放出了疾病瘴气。

11 metro   

n.地铁；adj.大都市的；(METRO)麦德隆(财富500强公司之一总部所在地德国，主要经营零售)

参考例句：

• Can you reach the park by metro?你可以乘地铁到达那个公园吗？
• The metro flood gate system is a disaster prevention equipment.地铁防淹门系统是一种防灾设备。

12 solidarity   

n.团结；休戚相关

参考例句：

• They must preserve their solidarity.他们必须维护他们的团结。
• The solidarity among China's various nationalities is as firm as a rock.中国各族人民之间的团结坚如磐石。

13 buoyed   

v.使浮起( buoy的过去式和过去分词 )；支持；为…设浮标；振奋…的精神

参考例句：

• Buoyed by their win yesterday the team feel confident of further success. 在昨天胜利的鼓舞下，该队有信心再次获胜。
• His encouragement buoyed her up during that difficult period. 他的鼓励使她在那段困难时期恢复了乐观的情绪。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

15 influential   

adj.有影响的，有权势的

参考例句：

• He always tries to get in with the most influential people.他总是试图巴结最有影响的人物。
• He is a very influential man in the government.他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。

16 outlets   

n.出口( outlet的名词复数 )；经销店；插座；廉价经销店

参考例句：

• The dumping of foreign cotton blocked outlets for locally grown cotton. 外国棉花的倾销阻滞了当地生产的棉花的销路。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They must find outlets for their products. 他们必须为自己的产品寻找出路。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

17 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

18 kickbacks   

n.激烈反应( kickback的名词复数 )；佣金，回扣

参考例句：

• Everyone at City Hall is receiving kickbacks. It's the only way to get anything done there. 市政府里的每个人都收回扣，在那里只有送红包，事情才办得成。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• G raft or kickbacks paid to officials or law enforcem ent authorities. 暗中付给官员或执法人员的回扣。 来自互联网

19 commentators   

n.评论员( commentator的名词复数 )；时事评论员；注释者；实况广播员

参考例句：

• Sports commentators repeat the same phrases ad nauseam. 体育解说员翻来覆去说着同样的词语，真叫人腻烦。
• Television sports commentators repeat the same phrases ad nauseam. 电视体育解说员说来说去就是那么几句话，令人厌烦。 来自《简明英汉词典》

20 chambers   

n.房间( chamber的名词复数 )；（议会的）议院；卧室；会议厅

参考例句：

• The body will be removed into one of the cold storage chambers. 尸体将被移到一个冷冻间里。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Mr Chambers's readable book concentrates on the middle passage: the time Ransome spent in Russia. Chambers先生的这本值得一看的书重点在中间：Ransome在俄国的那几年。 来自互联网