经济学人:留学生 一个世界级品牌没落之路

 　　Overseas students

　　留学生

　　How to ruin a global brand

　　一个世界级品牌没落之路

　　Foreign students are going off English universities

　　留学生正在逐渐远离英国高校

　　BRITAIN'S private schools are one of its most successful exports. The children of the well-heeled flock to them, whether from China, Nigeria or Russia: the number of foreign pupils rose by 1.4% in the last year alone. One headmaster recently asked a room full of pupils whether they flew business class to Britain. Only a few hands went up, suggesting they were not quite as cosseted¹ as he had thought. Then a boy explained: many of the pupils fly first class instead.

　　英国的私立学校可以说是英国最成功的“出口商品”之一。在这些学校里，无论是来自中国、尼日利亚或是俄罗斯，富有的学生比比皆是：仅去年一年，留学生的数量就增长了1.4％。最近有一位校长查访了一间满寝的宿舍，并询问他们是否乘坐商务客舱飞到英国。寥寥无几的人举起了手，以表明实际上他们并不像他所想的那样娇生惯养。随后一名男孩解释道：许多学生都没有乘坐头等舱。

　　留学生正在逐渐远离英国高校.jpg

　　Yet foreign students, whether educated in British private schools or elsewhere, are decreasingly likely to go to English universities. According to the Higher Education Funding Council for England, 307,200 overseas students began their studies in the country in 2012-13, down from 312,000 two years earlier and the first drop in 29 years. Student numbers from the rest of the EU fell—probably a result of the increase in annual tuition fees in England from 6,000 (10,000) a year to 9,000. But arrivals from India and Pakistan declined most sharply.

　　然而这些留学生，无论是在英国的私立学校还是在别的教育机构接受教育的，进入英国的大学求学的可能性都在不断减小。根据英国高等教育拨款局的调查，相较于上一学年的31.2万人，在2012-13学年选择在英格兰大学求学的留学生只有30.72万人，这是29年来人数首降。而且欧盟中其他国家的留学生人数也在下降，极有可能是受到了英国每年的学费从6,000 (10,000)增加到9,000的影响。特别是来自印度和巴基斯坦的人数在急剧下降。

　　In contrast to the visa regime for private schools, which is extremely lax (the Home Office counts private schools as favoured sponsors) student visas have been tightened². Foreign students used to be allowed to work for up to two years after graduating. They now have only four months to find a job paying upwards³ of 20,600 if they want to stay in Britain.

　　相比于私立学校那相当宽松的签证制度（因为私立学校是内务部的友好赞助商），学生签证就严格很多。以往，外国学生被允许在毕业之后可工作时间长达两年。而如今，若他们想留在英国，就必须在仅仅四个月的时间内找到一份薪资高于20,600的工作。

　　This change was intended to deal with sham⁴ colleges that were in effect offering two-year work visas. But it seems to have put off serious students too. Nick Hillman of the Higher Education Policy Institute says the government has sent unclear messages about the sort of immigration it wants to restrict. An emphasis on holding down net immigration deters⁵ young Indians and Pakistanis in particular. Australia and America, which have more relaxed entry criteria⁶ for students, are becoming more favoured destinations. Colin Riordan, Cardiff University's vice-chancellor, adds that Britain's student-visa regime has become more onerous⁷ and fiddly overall.

　　这样的改变是为了应对那些所谓提供两年工作签的假冒院校。但是这样的做法似乎也影响到了真正求学的学生。来自高等教育政策研究所的尼克·希尔曼表示，政府的做法向大众传递了一个限制留学移民的模糊信息。英国着重于控制移民的政策对来自印度和巴基斯坦学生的影响最为严重。同时，澳大利亚和美国，因其对学生宽松的准入标准而变得倍受青睐。卡蒂夫大学副校长克林·里奥丹补充道，英国的学生签证制度变得越来越严格复杂。

　　As a result, Britain is losing out to other countries in the contest for talent—an oddity, given how often the prime minister bangs on about the “global race”. Its unwelcoming stance will harm its long-term prospects⁸. And the drift of foreign students from leading British private schools to American colleges may have another, somewhat happier, consequence: America might become rather better at cricket.

　　尽管英国首相多次强调“全球竞争”，可英国却在人才竞争上输给了其他国家，多么令人诧异的结果。它不通人情的态度将会有损它未来的前景。留学生放弃英国私立学校而转向美国的大学可能带来另外一个多少让人欣喜的结果：英国的板球都有可能被美国超越（板球起源于英国）。

　　1.work for 为工作；为…工作

　　例句:The company I work for went through a rough patch.

　　我所在的公司经历了一段困难时期。

　　2.likely to 倾向于；可能要

　　例句:The fires are likely to permanently⁹ deforest the land.

　　这些火灾很可能会彻底毁掉这片土地上的森林。

　　3.according to 根据；按照

　　例句:The route that the boatmen choose varies according to the water level.

　　船夫选择的路线会随水位的变化而有所不同。

　　4.allow to 允许

　　例句:They will not allow your more way-out ideas to pass unchallenged.

　　他们不会放过你这些古怪的念头的。

1 cosseted   

v.宠爱，娇养，纵容( cosset的过去式 )

参考例句：

• Our kind of travel is definitely not suitable for people who expect to be cosseted. 我们的这种旅行绝对不适合那些想要受到百般呵护的人。 来自辞典例句
• We are, by astronomical standards, a pampered, cosseted, cherished group of creatures. 按照天文标准，我们是一群受宠过头、珍爱有余、呵护备至的受造物。 来自互联网

2 tightened   

收紧( tighten的过去式和过去分词 )； （使）变紧； （使）绷紧； 加紧

参考例句：

• The rope holding the boat suddenly tightened and broke. 系船的绳子突然绷断了。
• His index finger tightened on the trigger but then relaxed again. 他的食指扣住扳机，然后又松开了。

3 upwards   

adv.向上，在更高处...以上

参考例句：

• The trend of prices is still upwards.物价的趋向是仍在上涨。
• The smoke rose straight upwards.烟一直向上升。

4 sham   

n./adj.假冒(的)，虚伪(的)

参考例句：

• They cunningly played the game of sham peace.他们狡滑地玩弄假和平的把戏。
• His love was a mere sham.他的爱情是虚假的。

5 deters   

v.阻止，制止( deter的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• The filth here deters all but the invited guest. 这里污秽不堪，除非有事，外人是裹足不前的。 来自辞典例句
• Many people believe that capital punishment deters crime. 很多人相信极刑能阻止犯罪。 来自互联网

6 criteria   

n.标准

参考例句：

• The main criterion is value for money.主要的标准是钱要用得划算。
• There are strict criteria for inclusion in the competition.参赛的标准很严格。

7 onerous   

adj.繁重的

参考例句：

• My household duties were not particularly onerous.我的家务活并不繁重。
• This obligation sometimes proves onerous.这一义务有时被证明是艰巨的。

8 prospects   

n.希望，前途(恒为复数)

参考例句：

• There is a mood of pessimism in the company about future job prospects. 公司中有一种对工作前景悲观的情绪。
• They are less sanguine about the company's long-term prospects. 他们对公司的远景不那么乐观。

9 permanently   

adv.永恒地，永久地，固定不变地

参考例句：

• The accident left him permanently scarred.那次事故给他留下了永久的伤疤。
• The ship is now permanently moored on the Thames in London.该船现在永久地停泊在伦敦泰晤士河边。