经济学人:西班牙报业的压力 一个持续紧缩的制度

 　　Spain's press

　　西班牙报业的压力

　　A shrinking order

　　一个持续紧缩的制度

　　Sacked editors are a sign more of financial than political pressures

　　不断失业的编辑们背后意味的经济压力远大于政治压力

　　Two of the remaining readers

　　剩余读者中的两位。

　　JOURNALISTS are supposed to check their facts, but when editors are sacked rumours¹ will do. Some see dark political forces behind the ousting² of editors at Spain's three big dailies,El Pais, El Mundo and La Vanguardia. But the upheaval³ also reflects a deeper business crisis.

　　原本应该是记者们去调查事件的真相，但是当编辑们不断被解雇，谣言开始出现了。实际上一些人已经透过西班牙三大日报—国家报（El Pais）;西班牙世界报（El Mundo）和先锋报（La Vanguardia.）不断解雇编辑这一事件的表面，看到了藏在幕后操作的政治黑手。但是这种剧变更加折射出来的是一次更严重的商业危机。

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　　Until last month, Pedro Ramirez had edited El Mundo from its birth 25 years ago. Famed for investigations⁴, sharp-tongued columnists⁵ and conspiracy⁶ theories, it ruffled⁷ many feathers. Mr Ramirez blames Mariano Rajoy's ruling Popular Party (PP) for his sacking. The new editor, Casimiro Garcia-Abadillo, points to poor sales, which have halved⁸ in five years, and says Mr Ramirez alienated⁹ readers loyal to Mr Rajoy who found a feud¹⁰ over PP corruption¹¹ too personal.

　　到上个月为止，Pedro Ramirez 已经在世界报做了25年的主编了。这份报纸一向以深查事件真相，尖酸刻薄的专栏作家和充满阴谋论的言论而闻名于世，当然它也得罪了不少人。Ramirez谴责马里亚诺·拉霍伊为了一己私欲在毁灭人民党。新任主编CasimiroGarcia-Abadillo 则指出近五年来报纸的销量下滑了一半多，并且说Ramirez对于拉霍伊的指责太个人化，让那些原本忠于这位发现人民党贪污现象的党魁的读者们开始变得生疏。

　　El Pais's editor, Javier Moreno, also pursued corruption. But he has overseen¹² a fall in circulation and last year sacked almost a third of the staff, damaging morale¹³ even as he cut operating losses. El Pais aims to be “the global newspaper” in Spanish; its next editor, Antonio Cano, ran its Latin American website. Mr Cano denies that El Pais will shed its centre-left identity, though he is clearly more conservative than Mr Moreno.

　　至于国家报的前主编，Javier Moreno，同样在追查贪污的事。但是他全然忽视了销量的暴跌，而且去年他们报社差不多解雇了三分之一的雇员，在他降低运营亏损的同时也严重地打击了员工的士气。国家报的目标直指“世界级的”西语报纸；它的下一任主编，Antonio Cano 已经开始运营它的拉丁语美国网站。Cano否认国家报要推翻自己左倾的立场，尽管他明显要比Moreno要保守。

　　El Mundo vies with El Pais for domination of the Hispanic world's online news audience, but turning that into money is an uphill task, admits a senior executive at El Mundo. La Vanguardia's local Catalan subscription¹⁴ base has kept it mostly profitable. There the choice of Marius Carol as the next editor is being interpreted as a shift from the Catalan nationalist flag-waving of his predecessor¹⁵, Jose Antich.

　　世界报和国家报一直在网络上竞争西语读者的占有率，但是事实上要将这种占有率转化为盈利是一件很艰巨的任务，对此世界报的高级执行官也不得不承认。反观先锋报，它本身的西语读者订阅量就足以让它维持盈利。但是对于新任主编马吕思·卡罗尔来说却有很多选择，他解释说这对先锋报来说是从加泰罗尼亚语主义的旗帜中转型的一次机会，这将于他前任Jose Antich.大不相同。

　　If newspapers are not bending to political pressures, might they bow to more commercial ones? Some journalists admit to self-censorship for fear of annoying big advertisers. El Mundo accused Telefanica of cutting advertising¹⁶ after it reported a 2002 insider-trading probe against the firm's chairman, Cesar Alierta, a charge Telefanica denied. Although Telefanica accounts for only a small fraction of advertising—the biggest general advertisers are non-Spanish multinationals¹⁷ like Procter & Gamble and L'Oreal—other channels of influence also exist. Loss-making Prisa, the owner of El Pais, has been repairing its balance-sheet and has won a reprieve¹⁸ from its bankers. But after conversion¹⁹ of a convertible²⁰ bond, Prisa's banks will own 16% of the shares, more than the founding Polanco family. Telefanica will also have a stake, and hedge funds claim another 17%.

　　如果报纸行业不对政治压力屈服，他们是否会对更加商业化的因素弯腰？一些记者在自我审视时承认，他们会害怕让那些大的广告客户感到厌烦。世界报指控Telefanica在2002年报纸刊登了他与公司董事长（Cesar Alierta）的内部交易之后减少了报纸的广告刊登量。但是Telefanica否认了这一指控。尽管Telefanica解释说，只有一小部分的广告业受到了影响—传统的大额广告发布商依然是那些非西语系的跨国公司，诸如宝洁和欧莱雅。—但是对于其它的渠道的影响肯定也是存在的。而国家报的控股人—总是亏损的Prisa，已经开始修复它的收支平衡并且从银行债主那获得了一定的延期。但是在债券转换完成之后，银行将持有公司16%的股份，这甚至超过了创始家族—Polanco的持股量。Telefanica同样执有一部分股票，还有17%的股权在放亏损基金会手中。

　　The biggest challenge is more fundamental. Dailies reach just a third of Spaniards. Print-advertising income has fallen by 56% since 2008; digital advertising has not made up for this. Owners want higher paper sales, more advertising and fancy websites, all done with smaller budgets and fewer staff. Battling political pressure is the least of their worries.

　　其实最大的挑战是来自更基层的方面。这些日报在西班牙人中只有三分之一的覆盖率。2008年之后印刷业的广告收入下降了56%；而数字广告带来盈利并不足以填补这一空缺。老板们都想要更高的报纸销量，更多的广告和完美的线上网站，少而精的预算以及更少的雇员。相比之下，与政治压力的对抗对他们来说实在不值一提。

　　1.suppose to 认为是…

　　例句:How am I suppose to do this?

　　我要怎么做？

　　2.point to 表明

　　例句:There's no point to these questions.

　　你问的有点儿不着边际了。

　　3.aim to 计划,打算;?目标在于

　　例句:Moon said they were coming here.you aim to run?

　　阿蒙说他们会来，你想逃走？

　　4.turn into 变成

　　例句:You will be sad, but your sadness will turn into gladness.

　　你们将要忧愁,然而你们的忧愁要变为喜乐。

1 rumours   

n.传闻( rumour的名词复数 )；风闻；谣言；谣传

参考例句：

• The rumours were completely baseless. 那些谣传毫无根据。
• Rumours of job losses were later confirmed. 裁员的传言后来得到了证实。

2 ousting   

驱逐( oust的现在分词 )； 革职； 罢黜； 剥夺

参考例句：

• The resulting financial chaos led to the ousting of Bristol-Myers' s boss. 随后引发的财政混乱导致了百时美施贵宝的总裁下台。
• The ousting of the president has drawn widespread criticism across Latin America and the wider world. 洪都拉斯总统被驱逐时间引起拉丁美洲甚至全世界的广泛批评。

3 upheaval   

n.胀起，(地壳)的隆起；剧变，动乱

参考例句：

• It was faced with the greatest social upheaval since World War Ⅱ.它面临第二次世界大战以来最大的社会动乱。
• The country has been thrown into an upheaval.这个国家已经陷入动乱之中。

4 investigations   

（正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究

参考例句：

• His investigations were intensive and thorough but revealed nothing. 他进行了深入彻底的调查，但没有发现什么。
• He often sent them out to make investigations. 他常常派他们出去作调查。

5 columnists   

n.专栏作家( columnist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• This story will be more fodder for the gossip columnists. 这个传闻会是闲谈专栏作家的又一素材。
• The columnists coined the phrase \"to broderick\", meaning to rough up. 专栏作家们杜撰出一个新词“布罗德里克”意思是“动武”、“打架”。 来自辞典例句

6 conspiracy   

n.阴谋，密谋，共谋

参考例句：

• The men were found guilty of conspiracy to murder.这些人被裁决犯有阴谋杀人罪。
• He claimed that it was all a conspiracy against him.他声称这一切都是一场针对他的阴谋。

7 ruffled   

adj. 有褶饰边的, 起皱的 动词ruffle的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• She ruffled his hair affectionately. 她情意绵绵地拨弄着他的头发。
• All this talk of a strike has clearly ruffled the management's feathers. 所有这些关于罢工的闲言碎语显然让管理层很不高兴。

8 halved   

v.把…分成两半( halve的过去式和过去分词 )；把…减半；对分；平摊

参考例句：

• The shares have halved in value . 股价已经跌了一半。
• Overall operating profits halved to $24 million. 总的营业利润减少了一半，降至2，400 万元。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 alienated   

adj.感到孤独的，不合群的v.使疏远( alienate的过去式和过去分词 )；使不友好；转让；让渡（财产等）

参考例句：

• His comments have alienated a lot of young voters. 他的言论使许多年轻选民离他而去。
• The Prime Minister's policy alienated many of her followers. 首相的政策使很多拥护她的人疏远了她。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 feud   

n.长期不和；世仇；v.长期争斗；世代结仇

参考例句：

• How did he start his feud with his neighbor?他是怎样和邻居开始争吵起来的？
• The two tribes were long at feud with each other.这两个部族长期不和。

11 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

12 overseen   

v.监督，监视( oversee的过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He was overseen stealing the letters. 他被人撞见在偷信件。 来自辞典例句
• It will be overseen by ThomasLi, director of IBM China Research Laboratory. 该实验室由IBM中国研究院院长李实恭(ThomasLi)引导。 来自互联网

13 morale   

n.道德准则，士气，斗志

参考例句：

• The morale of the enemy troops is sinking lower every day.敌军的士气日益低落。
• He tried to bolster up their morale.他尽力鼓舞他们的士气。

14 subscription   

n.预订，预订费，亲笔签名，调配法，下标（处方）

参考例句：

• We paid a subscription of 5 pounds yearly.我们按年度缴纳5英镑的订阅费。
• Subscription selling bloomed splendidly.订阅销售量激增。

15 predecessor   

n.前辈，前任

参考例句：

• It will share the fate of its predecessor.它将遭受与前者同样的命运。
• The new ambassador is more mature than his predecessor.新大使比他的前任更成熟一些。

16 advertising   

n.广告业；广告活动 a.广告的；广告业务的

参考例句：

• Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗?
• The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。

17 multinationals   

跨国公司( multinational的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• These local companies are only small fry compared with the huge multinationals. 同那些跨国公司比，这些当地的公司不过是小鱼小虾。
• Some people believe that the multinationals have too much power. 有人认为跨国公司的权力太大了。

18 reprieve   

n.暂缓执行（死刑）；v.缓期执行；给…带来缓解

参考例句：

• He was saved from the gallows by a lastminute reprieve.最后一刻的缓刑令把他从绞架上解救了下来。
• The railway line, due for closure, has been granted a six-month reprieve.本应停运的铁路线获准多运行6 个月。

19 conversion   

n.转化，转换，转变

参考例句：

• He underwent quite a conversion.他彻底变了。
• Waste conversion is a part of the production process.废物处理是生产过程的一个组成部分。

20 convertible   

adj.可改变的，可交换，同意义的；n.有活动摺篷的汽车

参考例句：

• The convertible sofa means that the apartment can sleep four.有了这张折叠沙发，公寓里可以睡下4个人。
• That new white convertible is totally awesome.那辆新的白色折篷汽车简直棒极了。