经济学人:土耳其能与德国"联姻" 双重国籍该如何对待?

 　　Europe Dual¹ citizenship² in Germany 德国 双重国籍在德国

　　Jus sanguinis revisited 血统主义死灰复燃？

　　How not to treat people with more than one passport 怎样不来对待拥有多重国籍的人

　　The case of a woman from Hanau, in Hesse, shows why Kenan Kolat, leader of Germany’s Turks, calls the German citizenship law “absurdity cubed.”  一位来自哈瑙的女士在海赛的亲身经历，向我们解释了德国土耳其社区组织的领袖Kenan Kolat认为德国《国籍法》“荒谬至极”的原因。

　　Born in Germany to Turkish parents, she was a dual citizen.  作为出生在德国的土耳其人，她具有双重国籍。

　　According to the law, she had to relinquish³ one passport between her 18th and 23rd birthday.  但依据国籍法规定，她必须在18岁到23岁期间选择放弃一个国籍。

　　She chose to forgo⁴ the Turkish one. But the Turkish bureaucracy was slow, her birthday came—and her German citizenship went instead. 德国国籍是她最终的选择，但是由于土耳其相关机构办事缓慢，直到她生日那天，她的德国国籍也没有生效。

　　International law has never fully⁵ embraced multiple citizenship.  国际法从来没有真正包容过多重国籍。

　　Many countries frown on it, though others take a more relaxed attitude.  尽管有一些国家允许自己国家的人拥有多重国籍，但还是有很多国家不承认多重国籍。

　　Germany, however, manages to make it especially complicated for citizens of foreign origin.  而德国对外籍人申请申请加入德国国籍的条件十分严苛，

　　Its traditional approach goes back to a law passed before the first world war.  最传统的办法还要追溯到一战前通过的法条。

　　Based on jus sanguinis (“right of blood”), it gave citizenship to anybody of German descent,  依据 jus sanguinis(“血统主义），拥有德国国籍公民的后代自动拥有德国国籍，

　　but not to foreigners born in Germany, as countries such as America and France that practise jus soli (“right of soil”) do.  但是出生在德国的外籍子女并不能获得德国国籍。而像美国、法国等国家则实行 jus soli （“出生地主义”）。

　　Then, in 1999, a centre-left government added the two notions together.  随后，1999年，德国左翼党将这两种方法都采纳了进来。

　　This would have let a woman born in Germany to Turkish parents be simultaneously⁶ German and Turkish.  这样，出生在德国的土耳其后裔就能同时获得德国和土耳其国籍。

　　But that law coincided with a regional election in Hesse,  但是这新法条的颁布正好与在海赛举行的地区大选的时间不谋而合。

　　where the centre-right Christian⁷ Democratic Union (CDU) seized on the issue to mobilise its conservative base in opposition⁸.  在海赛，右派保守党基民党（CDU）抓住了这个问题不放，利用其来动员保守方反对法条的通过。

　　The CDU won the state and took control of the upper house, where it blocked the new law. 最终CDU赢得了大选，控制了高层，并且封锁了新法条的颁布。

　　A compromise was reached in 2000.  然而，在2000年，德国《国籍法》却做出了让步。

　　Children born in Germany to foreign parents after 1990 can get two passports but have to choose one citizenship before they are 23.  在1990年之后出生在德国的外籍子女能够获得双重国籍，但是必须在他们23岁之前做出选择哪个国籍的决定。

　　This year, the first cohort of such children, about 3,300, reach that age.  这一年，符合年龄标准的第一批试点孩子大约有3300人。

　　From 2018 the number will reach 40,000 a year or more.  预计到2018年，人数会增加到每年40000人甚至更多。

　　There are about half a million such cases all told, more than two-thirds of them of Turkish descent. 已经知晓的大约有50万这样的案例，其中超过三分之二的人是土耳其后裔。

　　Yet not all young dual citizens must choose.  而今，不是所有拥有双重国籍的年轻人都必须做出选择国籍的抉择。

　　A child born to a German parent in America, say, retains both passports for life.  据一位出生在美国的德国小孩所称，他可以终生保留双重国籍。

　　So does a child born to a Greek or Spanish parent in Germany, because dual citizenship is allowed for members of the European Union and Switzerland.  出生在德国的希腊或西班牙小孩同样也能获得这样的待遇，因为双重国籍已经被允许发放给欧盟成员国以及瑞士的公民。

　　This seems unfair to the Turks.  这样似乎对土耳其人并不公平。

　　This week Recep Tayyip Erdogan, the Turkish prime minister, said as much to Angela Merkel, Germany’s chancellor⁹, during her visit to Turkey.  本周，在德国总理Angela Merkel访土期间，土耳其总理Recep Tayyip Erdogan传递了上述意图。

　　(Mrs Merkel also explained that, though happy for Turkey’s EU accession talks to continue, she retained her “scepticism” about its ever becoming a member.) （默克尔女士也表示，虽然很高兴看到土耳其加入欧盟谈判得以继续进行，但是她对土耳其加入欧盟仍保持“怀疑”态度。）

　　Besides being unjust and creating two classes of citizens, the law is a nightmare to administer, says Ulrich Kober at Bertelsmann Stiftung, a think-tank.  新法条的颁布不仅仅是一种不公平的表现形式，并且在市民中划分出了2种阶级，而且还是管理者的噩梦，Bertelsmann Stiftung的一位智囊团成员Ulrich Kober这样说道。

　　Because countries like Iran do not let citizens renounce¹⁰ their citizenship and others make it costly¹¹ or difficult, German law in theory grants exceptions.  由于像伊朗这样的国家不允许其居民放弃伊朗国籍，而其他人要想取消伊朗国籍也是件困难的事且费用昂贵，所以德国国籍法按理应该允许例外情况，

　　But the rules are not clear, reckons Kay Hailbronner, a lawyer.  但事实上，法条中规定地十分模糊，Kay Hailbronner律师这样认为。

　　To make the decisions even more arbitrary, the 16 German states process the paperwork, and each uses different forms. 德国的16个州甚至独立处理法条的相关文件，并且各自使用不同形式的文件，结果决策变得更加随意。

　　What better way to irritate those citizens whom Germany’s politicians say they want to integrate?  如德国的政治家所言，有什么更好的办法能够安抚那些想要融入德国的居民呢？

　　Mr Kober thinks Germany should simply allow dual citizenship.  Kober先生认为德国要做的不过是简简单单地允许双重国籍。

　　So do the centre-left parties hoping to replace Mrs Merkel’s government in September’s election, as well as the CDU’s coalition¹² partner, the Free Democratic Party.  就像希望能在9月份的大选中击败默克尔政府、基督教民主联盟和自由民主党的左党一样。

　　It may yet happen. 它总有一天会实现的。

1 dual   

adj.双的；二重的，二元的

参考例句：

• The people's Republic of China does not recognize dual nationality for any Chinese national.中华人民共和国不承认中国公民具有双重国籍。
• He has dual role as composer and conductor.他兼作曲家及指挥的双重身分。

2 citizenship   

n.市民权，公民权，国民的义务(身份)

参考例句：

• He was born in Sweden,but he doesn't have Swedish citizenship.他在瑞典出生，但没有瑞典公民身分。
• Ten years later,she chose to take Australian citizenship.十年后，她选择了澳大利亚国籍。

3 relinquish   

v.放弃，撤回，让与，放手

参考例句：

• He was forced to relinquish control of the company.他被迫放弃公司的掌控权。
• They will never voluntarily relinquish their independence.他们绝对不会自动放弃独立。

4 forgo   

v.放弃，抛弃

参考例句：

• Time to prepare was a luxuary he would have to forgo.因为时间不够，他不得不放弃做准备工作。
• She would willingly forgo a birthday treat if only her warring parents would declare a truce.只要她的父母停止争吵，她愿意放弃生日宴请。

5 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

6 simultaneously   

adv.同时发生地，同时进行地

参考例句：

• The radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
• The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.Windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。

7 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

8 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

9 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

10 renounce   

v.放弃；拒绝承认，宣布与…断绝关系

参考例句：

• She decided to renounce the world and enter a convent.她决定弃绝尘世去当修女。
• It was painful for him to renounce his son.宣布与儿子脱离关系对他来说是很痛苦的。

11 costly   

adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的

参考例句：

• It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
• This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用，左不过贵了些。

12 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。