经济学人134:电话窃听丑闻,卑之何以堪

 　　The phone-hacking¹ scandal

　　电话窃听丑闻

　　The lowest low

　　卑之何以堪

　　Jul 7th 2011 | from the print edition From The Economist² print edition

　　The phone-hacking saga³ jeopardises more than merely the News of the World: it threatens Rupert Murdoch, the press as a whole, the police and politicians

　　电话窃听事件不仅仅危及《世界新闻报》的安危，它也威胁到鲁珀特·默多克，整个新闻界，警界及政界的未来。

　　UNTIL this week, the victims in the scandal over the illegal hacking of mobile-phone messages by the News of the World seemed mostly to be celebrities⁴, royals and others too privileged to command much sympathy. For the tabloid⁵, that was a useful mitigation in the court of public opinion, if not in law. No longer. The sordid⁶ antics of Britain’s biggest-selling Sunday paper—owned by News International, Rupert Murdoch’s British newspaper outfit—look more promiscuous⁷ and more gravely criminal. And the circle of blame and taint⁸ is widening.

　　截止本周为止，被《世界新闻报》非法窃听电话信息的受害者大多数都为名人，皇室成员等，他们因身份特殊，享受特权，不会得到多少同情。对于《世界新闻报》来说，这将有力的缓和公众舆论所施加的压力，可在法庭上就行不通了。但是，现在公众也不会施以谅解了。传媒大亨默多克的新闻国际旗下的英国新闻出版单位——星期日报是英国最畅销的报纸。他们哗众取宠的丑恶行为看来更杂乱无章，罪大恶极。目前，受到谴责与世界新闻报同流合污的人物网正在进一步扩大。

　　The big difference is Milly Dowler, a 13-year-old schoolgirl who was murdered in Surrey in March 2002. On July 4th the Guardian⁹ reported allegations that Glenn Mulcaire, a private investigator¹⁰ working with News of the World journalists, hacked¹¹ into Dowler’s voice-mail in the days after her disappearance¹², removing some messages to free up space when her account became full. The effect was to make her family think she might still be alive. The relatives of people killed in the terrorist attacks in London of July 2005, and of soldiers killed in Iraq and Afghanistan, might also have been targeted. Ditto the families of two girls murdered in Cambridgeshire in 2002: in a bizarre cameo in what is an increasingly baroque saga, the actor Hugh Grant made that link in April, in a covertly¹³ recorded interview with a former journalist. Tom Watson, a Labour MP, made an even more serious charge in Parliament on July 6th: that News International paid people to interfere¹⁴ in a murder case “on behalf of known criminals”. The firm says it doesn’t understand that accusation¹⁵.

　　女学生米莉·道勒于2002年3月在英国萨里郡被谋杀，年仅13岁。对米莉的窃听使整个事件大为不同。2011年7月14号英国《卫报》披露《世界新闻报》雇佣私家侦探格伦·穆尔凯尔在米莉失踪几天后窃听她的手机语音邮箱。当米莉邮箱内存已满时，他删去了部分邮件以便使新的邮件能顺利进入语音邮箱。这一行为给她的家人造成了米莉仍然活着的假象。伦敦2005年“7.7”恐怖爆炸案死者的亲属，以及在伊拉克和阿富汗牺牲的士兵家人的电话可能也被窃听。同样，2002年在剑桥郡被杀害的两个女孩的家人也成为了窃听的对象。在这一愈演愈烈的长篇荒唐闹剧中演员休·格兰特也奇怪的客串了一把。今年4月《世界新闻报》的一位前记者也对他进行了“秘密的采访”。 工党议员汤姆·沃森7月6日在国会对《世界新闻报》提出一项更为严厉的指控：新闻国际雇人以已知罪犯的身份干预谋杀案件的调查。新闻国际表示不理解这项指控用意何在。

　　Mr Mulcaire was jailed in 2007 for hacking voice-mail messages of members of the royal household, along with Clive Goodman, the News of the World’s royal correspondent. At the time, and for a long time afterwards, executives at News International insisted that Mr Goodman was a lone¹⁶, rogue¹⁷ operator. In the past few months that defence has collapsed¹⁸, amid a deluge¹⁹ of civil cases brought by the lengthening²⁰ list of hacking victims, pay-offs, and the arrest of more journalists. Yet the Dowler development has supercharged the scandal—not just because of its callous²¹ immorality²² but also because it potentially involves perversion²³ of the course of justice, a new level of criminality.

　　穆尔凯尔在2007年曾因窃听王室成员手机语音邮箱与《世界新闻报》的皇家记克莱夫·古德曼一道锒铛入狱。在那时以及其后的很长时间内，新闻国际的执行官们坚称古德曼的行为是穷凶极恶的，但这只是他的个人行为。过去几个月随着被牵扯入案的受害者，抓捕的记者以及涉案金额的增多，该辩护被推翻。然而米莉·道勒事件的发展使得电话窃听不仅仅是个丑闻了。世界新闻报记者的麻木不仁和蓄意颠倒司法公正使得这一事件变成了犯罪。

　　Hanging separately

　　分别绞死

　　If much of this is true, there were no qualms²⁴, and few limits, in the way the paper went after scoops²⁵. There might be serious legal and commercial consequences for News International. But others have been discredited²⁶, too?€”not least the police.

　　如果大部分的指控为真，那么《世界新闻报》记者抢先报道新闻时没有良心上的不安，也毫无顾忌和限制。新闻国际将接受严厉的法律惩处，承受巨大的经济损失。其他涉案人员也得名誉扫地，至少对警察先生们来说。

　　On July 5th News International acknowledged that, last month, it gave the Metropolitan²⁷ Police a set of e-mails documenting (illegal) payments to police officers from News of the World journalists in 2003 and after. That is only the latest aspersion²⁸ cast on various police forces by this affair. The police in Surrey seem to have known about the Dowler hacking but overlooked it. Worse, the Met itself stands accused of failing for several years to notify potential victims of hacking and failing to pursue leads: the evidence for many recent allegations comes from notes seized from Mr Mulcaire in 2006. The Met launched a fresh probe, under new command, in January. But its contacting of targets remains²⁹ mystifyingly lacklustre.

　　7月5日新闻国际承认上月曾寄给伦敦警察厅一组电子邮件，证明在2003年及以后《世界新闻报》记者给予警察的（非法）报酬。这是该事件对各警察机关最新的一次“诽谤”。萨里郡警官对道勒电话被窃听一事知情，但选择视而不见。更糟糕的是，伦敦警察厅也被指责在过去的几年没能告知受害者可能被电话窃听的危险，以及没能追踪信息。最近很多指控的证据来自2006年对穆尔凯尔的询问笔录。一月，伦敦警察厅在新的要求下展开了新一轮的调查。但警官接触到的案件仍然乏善可陈。

　　Whether intentionally³⁰ or otherwise (News International says it wasn’t), the news about police payments deflected³¹ attention onto Andy Coulson, the News of the World’s editor from 2003 to 2007—and thus, indirectly³² onto David Cameron. Mr Coulson resigned from the paper in 2007 after Mr Goodman and Mr Mulcaire were convicted, though he insisted that he knew nothing of their nefarious³³ methods. He resigned again, this time from his job as Mr Cameron’s communications chief, in January this year, as the hacking scandal escalated³⁴. Mr Cameron’s judgment³⁵ in hiring Mr Coulson after his tabloid escapades now looks ropier than ever

　　不管是否是有意为之，（《世界新闻报》称这是无心之过)警方收受贿赂的新闻使人们将注意力转向了《世界新闻报》编辑安迪·库尔森和首相戴维·卡梅伦。库尔森2003年至2007年在世界新闻报任职，2007年在古德曼和穆尔凯尔被判有罪后辞职，尽管他坚称自己对于这一穷凶极恶的手段毫不知情.随着电话窃听丑闻的升级，今年一月库尔森辞去了卡梅伦的首席信息官一职。在库尔森的小报越轨行为发生之后，卡梅伦雇佣库尔森的决定如今看来越发糟糕。

　　As it happens, Mr Coulson’s predecessor³⁶ as editor, and News International’s current chief executive, Rebekah Brooks³⁷ (above, with Mr Murdoch), is a close friend of Mr Cameron, too. Mrs Brooks was in the editor’s chair in 2002; if the latest hacking allegations stand up, her position looks at least as compromised as Mr Coulson’s was in 2007. But, so far, she has rebuffed calls for her resignation, declaring herself “shocked” at the latest charges and promising³⁸ to “vigorously pursue the truth”. Critics wonder whether Mrs Brooks, who has in the past been insouciantly³⁹ unco-operative with parliamentary inquiries⁴⁰ into phone-hacking, or indeed anyone else at News International, with its history of collective obfuscation⁴¹, is well-placed to do that.

　　巧合的是，新闻国际现任主编库利百加·布鲁克斯也是首相卡梅伦的密友。布鲁克斯2002年起在《世界新闻报》担任编辑，是库尔森的继任者。如果最近的电话窃听指控成立，那么她的职位看来与库尔森2007年时一样岌岌可危。但到目前为之，她断然拒绝了让她辞职的要求，声称自己对于最近的指控大为震惊，并承诺积极调事件真相。批评家认为，不论以布鲁克斯过去在议会对于电话窃听事件的调查中散漫不合作的作风，还是以新闻国际的其他人员集体装糊涂的历史来看，他们是否会履行承诺，配合调查仍是未知数。

　　For the moment, at least, Mrs Brooks appears to be protected by what insiders describe as an intense, almost familial bond with Mr Murdoch, who is said to prize her business acumen⁴² and contacts: Mr Murdoch this week called the recent allegations “deplorable”, but stood by her. Events might yet test just how much their bond is worth. Public anger has already persuaded several advertisers to suspend their dealings with the News of the World; some readers may choose to boycott⁴³ it.

　　至少目前，据知情者所说，与默多克紧密的，几乎家人似的关系保护着布鲁克斯。据说，默多克曾夸奖布鲁克斯在商业上的敏锐及高超的交际手腕。这周，默多克回应最近的指控，称其是“可悲的”，但仍支持布鲁克斯。他和布鲁克斯的这种关系到底有多重要尚未证实。公众的愤怒已经使得一些广告商中止了与《世界新闻报》的合作，部分读者可能会联合抵制这份报纸。

　　Still, Claire Enders, a media analyst⁴⁴, thinks the commercial impact is likely to be modest, given the paper’s dominance in the Sunday newspaper market. Much worse, for Mr Murdoch, is the slim chance that the scandal might affect his bid to buy the rest of BSkyB, a hugely profitable satellite broadcaster in which News Corporation, his parent company, already has a 39% stake. Jeremy Hunt, the culture secretary, looked set finally to approve the deal after a consultation⁴⁵ on its impact on media plurality ends on July 8th. Meanwhile Ofcom, the broadcasting regulator, is obliged to consider whether the holders⁴⁶ of broadcasting licences are “fit and proper”. It is “closely monitoring the situation”.

　　尽管如此，媒体分析家克莱尔·恩德斯认为，以《世界新闻报》在星期日报所占的市场主导地位来说，窃听事件造成的经济损失可能不大。更严重的是，这一事件有可能使得默多克对天空广播电视台的收购泡汤。天空广播电视台是一个利润十分可观的卫星广播电视台。它的母公司新闻集团目前已占其39%的股份。文化局长杰瑞米·亨特在对此项收购对媒体多元化的影响的进行磋商后，似乎终于于7月9日批准了这一交易。同时，广播监管机构英国广播委员会有责任衡量广播牌照的持有者是否是“适当人员”。他们目前正在密切监管有关情况。

　　In the gutter⁴⁷

　　沉溺低级趣味中

　　And it isn’t only the Murdoch press that is set to feel the backlash. Whereas in America journalism⁴⁸ is a respectable, even venerated⁴⁹ profession, in Britain it has always been regarded as grubby. But it has rarely been so reviled⁵⁰ as now. Ed Miliband, the leader of the Labour Party, wants a public inquiry⁵¹ into the culture and regulation of the press; Mr Cameron agrees that there ought to be one or more inquiries, after criminal proceedings⁵² are over. One result might be a change to the current model of newspaper self-regulation; the Press Complaints Commission, the toothless body responsible for it, has handled the hacking affair woefully.

　　感受到了这一事件强大的反冲力的不仅仅是默多克的新闻出版机构。尽管新闻界在美国是被尊重，甚至崇敬的职业；但在英国人们通常认为媒体是肮脏不堪的。可现今对媒体如此的痛斥实属罕见。英国工党领袖埃德·米利班德希望对新闻界的文化和监管进行公开调查；卡梅伦同意在刑事法律程序进行完毕之后对此事展开一个或更多的调查。可能导至的一个结果是报社现行自我监管方法的改变。对此事负有责任的报业申述委员会并没有实际的权利。他们已经处理了电话窃听事件，但结果并未使公众满意。

　　Most MPs were in the past much more diplomatic about the press, especially the Murdoch stable, which, so exaggerated legend had it, could decide the fate of governments. But the calculus⁵³ for politicians has suddenly shifted. Mr Miliband’s tough stance towards News International—he joined the clamour for Mrs Brooks’s resignation—would have been unthinkable in the Blair years. Mr Cameron shied away from calling for his friend’s head too, but described the allegations as “truly dreadful”. And there may be more to come in this mad, metastasising story.

　　过去，大多国会议员跟媒体，特别是跟默多克的媒体集团打交道时更加老练。默多克的媒体集团是个传奇，能够决定政府的盛衰。但是，政客们的演算突然发生了转变。埃德·米利班德对新闻国际强硬的立场以及呼吁布鲁克斯辞职在布莱尔执政时代是无法想象的。卡梅伦也不敢与他的朋友反目，但他认为这一事件的确让人“毛骨悚然”。然而，这一疯狂的，时刻变化的事件还远远没有结束。

1 hacking   

n.非法访问计算机系统和数据库的活动

参考例句：

• The patient with emphysema is hacking all day. 这个肺气肿病人整天不断地干咳。
• We undertook the task of hacking our way through the jungle. 我们负责在丛林中开路。

2 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

3 saga   

n.(尤指中世纪北欧海盗的)故事，英雄传奇

参考例句：

• The saga of Flight 19 is probably the most repeated story about the Bermuda Triangle.飞行19中队的传说或许是有关百慕大三角最重复的故事。
• The novel depicts the saga of a family.小说描绘了一个家族的传奇故事。

4 celebrities   

n.（尤指娱乐界的）名人( celebrity的名词复数 )；名流；名声；名誉

参考例句：

• He only invited A-list celebrities to his parties. 他只邀请头等名流参加他的聚会。
• a TV chat show full of B-list celebrities 由众多二流人物参加的电视访谈节目

5 tabloid   

adj.轰动性的，庸俗的；n.小报，文摘

参考例句：

• He launched into a verbal assault on tabloid journalism.他口头对小报新闻进行了抨击。
• He believes that the tabloid press has behaved disgracefully.他认为小报媒体的行为不太光彩。

6 sordid   

adj.肮脏的，不干净的，卑鄙的，暗淡的

参考例句：

• He depicts the sordid and vulgar sides of life exclusively.他只描写人生肮脏和庸俗的一面。
• They lived in a sordid apartment.他们住在肮脏的公寓房子里。

7 promiscuous   

adj.杂乱的，随便的

参考例句：

• They were taking a promiscuous stroll when it began to rain.他们正在那漫无目的地散步，突然下起雨来。
• Alec know that she was promiscuous and superficial.亚历克知道她是乱七八糟和浅薄的。

8 taint   

n.污点；感染；腐坏；v.使感染；污染

参考例句：

• Everything possible should be done to free them from the economic taint.应尽可能把他们从经济的腐蚀中解脱出来。
• Moral taint has spread among young people.道德的败坏在年轻人之间蔓延。

9 guardian   

n.监护人；守卫者，保护者

参考例句：

• The form must be signed by the child's parents or guardian. 这张表格须由孩子的家长或监护人签字。
• The press is a guardian of the public weal. 报刊是公共福利的卫护者。

10 investigator   

n.研究者，调查者，审查者

参考例句：

• He was a special investigator for the FBI.他是联邦调查局的特别调查员。
• The investigator was able to deduce the crime and find the criminal.调查者能够推出犯罪过程并锁定罪犯。

11 hacked   

生气

参考例句：

• I hacked the dead branches off. 我把枯树枝砍掉了。
• I'm really hacked off. 我真是很恼火。

12 disappearance   

n.消失，消散，失踪

参考例句：

• He was hard put to it to explain her disappearance.他难以说明她为什么不见了。
• Her disappearance gave rise to the wildest rumours.她失踪一事引起了各种流言蜚语。

13 covertly   

adv.偷偷摸摸地

参考例句：

• Naval organizations were covertly incorporated into civil ministries. 各种海军组织秘密地混合在各民政机关之中。 来自辞典例句
• Modern terrorism is noteworthy today in that it is being done covertly. 现代的恐怖活动在今天是值得注意的，由于它是秘密进行的。 来自互联网

14 interfere   

v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰

参考例句：

• If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.如果我们干预的话，可能弊多利少。
• When others interfere in the affair,it always makes troubles. 别人一卷入这一事件，棘手的事情就来了。

15 accusation   

n.控告，指责，谴责

参考例句：

• I was furious at his making such an accusation.我对他的这种责备非常气愤。
• She knew that no one would believe her accusation.她知道没人会相信她的指控。

16 lone   

adj.孤寂的，单独的；唯一的

参考例句：

• A lone sea gull flew across the sky.一只孤独的海鸥在空中飞过。
• She could see a lone figure on the deserted beach.她在空旷的海滩上能看到一个孤独的身影。

17 rogue   

n.流氓；v.游手好闲

参考例句：

• The little rogue had his grandpa's glasses on.这淘气鬼带上了他祖父的眼镜。
• They defined him as a rogue.他们确定他为骗子。

18 collapsed   

adj.倒塌的

参考例句：

• Jack collapsed in agony on the floor. 杰克十分痛苦地瘫倒在地板上。
• The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. 房顶在雪的重压下突然坍塌下来。

19 deluge   

n./vt.洪水，暴雨，使泛滥

参考例句：

• This little stream can become a deluge when it rains heavily.雨大的时候，这条小溪能变作洪流。
• I got caught in the deluge on the way home.我在回家的路上遇到倾盆大雨。

20 lengthening   

（时间或空间）延长，伸长( lengthen的现在分词 )； 加长

参考例句：

• The evening shadows were lengthening. 残阳下的影子越拉越长。
• The shadows are lengthening for me. 我的影子越来越长了。 来自演讲部分

21 callous   

adj.无情的，冷淡的，硬结的，起老茧的

参考例句：

• He is callous about the safety of his workers.他对他工人的安全毫不关心。
• She was selfish,arrogant and often callous.她自私傲慢，而且往往冷酷无情。

22 immorality   

n. 不道德, 无道义

参考例句：

• All the churchmen have preached against immorality. 所有牧师都讲道反对不道德的行为。
• Where the European sees immorality and lawlessness, strict law rules in reality. 在欧洲人视为不道德和无规则的地方，事实上都盛行着一种严格的规则。 来自英汉非文学 - 家庭、私有制和国家的起源

23 perversion   

n.曲解；堕落；反常

参考例句：

• In its most general sense,corruption means the perversion or abandonment.就其最一般的意义上说，舞弊就是堕落，就是背离准则。
• Her account was a perversion of the truth.她所讲的歪曲了事实。

24 qualms   

n.不安；内疚

参考例句：

• He felt no qualms about borrowing money from friends.他没有对于从朋友那里借钱感到不安。
• He has no qualms about lying.他撒谎毫不内疚。

25 scoops   

n.小铲( scoop的名词复数 )；小勺；一勺[铲]之量；（抢先刊载、播出的）独家新闻v.抢先报道( scoop的第三人称单数 )；（敏捷地）抱起；抢先获得；用铲[勺]等挖（洞等）

参考例句：

• two scoops of mashed potato 两勺土豆泥
• I used three scoops of flour and one(scoop)of sugar. 我用了三杓面粉和一杓糖。 来自辞典例句

26 discredited   

不足信的，不名誉的

参考例句：

• The reactionary authorities are between two fires and have been discredited. 反动当局弄得进退维谷，不得人心。
• Her honour was discredited in the newspapers. 她的名声被报纸败坏了。

27 metropolitan   

adj.大城市的，大都会的

参考例句：

• Metropolitan buildings become taller than ever.大城市的建筑变得比以前更高。
• Metropolitan residents are used to fast rhythm.大都市的居民习惯于快节奏。

28 aspersion   

n.诽谤，中伤

参考例句：

• Carrie felt this to contain,in some way,an aspersion upon her ability.嘉莉觉得这话多少含有贬低她的才能的意思。
• Should you hear my name blackened and maligned,will you credit the aspersion?要是你听见我的名誉受到诽谤，你会相信那谗言吗？

29 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

30 intentionally   

ad.故意地，有意地

参考例句：

• I didn't say it intentionally. 我是无心说的。
• The local authority ruled that he had made himself intentionally homeless and was therefore not entitled to be rehoused. 当地政府裁定他是有意居无定所，因此没有资格再获得提供住房。

31 deflected   

偏离的

参考例句：

• The ball deflected off Reid's body into the goal. 球打在里德身上反弹进球门。
• Most of its particles are deflected. 此物质的料子大多是偏斜的。

32 indirectly   

adv.间接地，不直接了当地

参考例句：

• I heard the news indirectly.这消息我是间接听来的。
• They were approached indirectly through an intermediary.通过一位中间人，他们进行了间接接触。

33 nefarious   

adj.恶毒的，极坏的

参考例句：

• My father believes you all have a nefarious purpose here.我父亲认为你们都有邪恶的目的。
• He was universally feared because of his many nefarious deeds.因为他干了许多罪恶的勾当，所以人人都惧怕他。

34 escalated   

v.（使）逐步升级( escalate的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）逐步扩大；（使）更高；（使）更大

参考例句：

• The fighting escalated into a full-scale war. 这场交战逐步扩大为全面战争。
• The demonstration escalated into a pitched battle with the police. 示威逐步升级，演变成了一场同警察的混战。

35 judgment   

n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见

参考例句：

• The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
• He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。

36 predecessor   

n.前辈，前任

参考例句：

• It will share the fate of its predecessor.它将遭受与前者同样的命运。
• The new ambassador is more mature than his predecessor.新大使比他的前任更成熟一些。

37 brooks   

n.小溪( brook的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Brooks gave the business when Haas caught him with his watch. 哈斯抓到偷他的手表的布鲁克斯时，狠狠地揍了他一顿。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Ade and Brooks exchanged blows yesterday and they were severely punished today. 艾德和布鲁克斯昨天打起来了，今天他们受到严厉的惩罚。 来自《简明英汉词典》

38 promising   

adj.有希望的，有前途的

参考例句：

• The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
• We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。

39 insouciantly   

adj.无忧无虑的，漠不关心的

参考例句：

• His insouciant handling of the oil spill in the Gulf is under fire from all sides. 他处理波斯湾漏油事件的漫不经心遭至各路讨伐。 来自辞典例句
• Or perhaps the insouciant Rue Saint-Denis, where French Montrealers go to see and be seen. 也许是圣丹尼路上漫不经心的格调，法裔蒙城人去那里欣赏别人和展示自己。 来自互联网

40 inquiries   

n.调查( inquiry的名词复数 )；疑问；探究；打听

参考例句：

• He was released on bail pending further inquiries. 他获得保释，等候进一步调查。
• I have failed to reach them by postal inquiries. 我未能通过邮政查询与他们取得联系。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

41 obfuscation   

n.昏迷，困惑；发暗

参考例句：

• Only pedants believe in the advantage of obfuscation. 只有书呆子才相信使人困惑会有好处。 来自辞典例句
• An automated way to get shorter names is to use obfuscation tools. 自动获取短名字的办法就是使用混淆工具。 来自互联网

42 acumen   

n.敏锐，聪明

参考例句：

• She has considerable business acumen.她的经营能力绝非一般。
• His business acumen has made his very successful.他的商业头脑使他很成功。

43 boycott   

n./v.(联合)抵制，拒绝参与

参考例句：

• We put the production under a boycott.我们联合抵制该商品。
• The boycott lasts a year until the Victoria board permitsreturn.这个抗争持续了一年直到维多利亚教育局妥协为止。

44 analyst   

n.分析家，化验员；心理分析学家

参考例句：

• What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst?你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务？
• The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards.分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。

45 consultation   

n.咨询；商量；商议；会议

参考例句：

• The company has promised wide consultation on its expansion plans.该公司允诺就其扩展计划广泛征求意见。
• The scheme was developed in close consultation with the local community.该计划是在同当地社区密切磋商中逐渐形成的。

46 holders   

支持物( holder的名词复数 )； 持有者； （支票等）持有人； 支托（或握持）…之物

参考例句：

• Slaves were mercilessly ground down by slave holders. 奴隶受奴隶主的残酷压迫。
• It is recognition of compassion's part that leads the up-holders of capital punishment to accuse the abolitionists of sentimentality in being more sorry for the murderer than for his victim. 正是对怜悯的作用有了认识，才使得死刑的提倡者指控主张废除死刑的人感情用事，同情谋杀犯胜过同情受害者。

47 gutter   

n.沟，街沟，水槽，檐槽，贫民窟

参考例句：

• There's a cigarette packet thrown into the gutter.阴沟里有个香烟盒。
• He picked her out of the gutter and made her a great lady.他使她脱离贫苦生活，并成为贵妇。

48 journalism   

n.新闻工作，报业

参考例句：

• He's a teacher but he does some journalism on the side.他是教师，可还兼职做一些新闻工作。
• He had an aptitude for journalism.他有从事新闻工作的才能。

49 venerated   

敬重（某人或某事物），崇敬( venerate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• My father venerated General Eisenhower. 我父亲十分敬仰艾森豪威尔将军。
• He used the sacraments and venerated the saints. 他行使圣事，崇拜圣人。 来自英汉非文学 - 文明史

50 reviled   

v.辱骂，痛斥( revile的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The tramp reviled the man who drove him off. 流浪汉辱骂那位赶他走开的人。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• The old man reviled against corruption. 那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。 来自《简明英汉词典》

51 inquiry   

n.打听，询问，调查，查问

参考例句：

• Many parents have been pressing for an inquiry into the problem.许多家长迫切要求调查这个问题。
• The field of inquiry has narrowed down to five persons.调查的范围已经缩小到只剩5个人了。

52 proceedings   

n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报

参考例句：

• He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
• to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼

53 calculus   

n.微积分；结石

参考例句：

• This is a problem where calculus won't help at all.对于这一题，微积分一点也用不上。
• After studying differential calculus you will be able to solve these mathematical problems.学了微积分之后，你们就能够解这些数学题了。