经济学人484:数字式家谱

 　　Digital family trees

　　数字式家谱

　　This little isle¹

　　大不列颠这个小岛

　　A new website celebrates connections between Britons

　　一个新成立的网站对大不列颠关系网欣喜不已

　　TRACING family trees is a popular British pastime. Television programmes show celebrities² rummaging³ through old census⁴ documents. Websites help amateur sleuths track down distant relatives. A new project launched on August 26th provides another twist to the obsession⁵.

　　追踪家谱是大不列颠一项流行的消遣方式。电视节目总是播放着名人们为寻亲而不断查找老旧的人口普查资料的信息。网站帮助业余侦探寻找人们的远房亲戚。一个在8月26号新建的项目则带来了一股扭曲的热潮。

　　“KindredBritain” is a website launched by Nicholas Jenkins, an English professor atStanfordUniversityinCalifornia. The project grew out of Professor Jenkins’s research into both his own background and that of W.H. Auden, a 20th-century poet. The website now holds entries on nearly 30,000 Britons. Visitors to the website trace relations between different people using clear infographics and interactive⁶ tools. Admirals, bankers, poets, painters, lawyers and politicians are all in the mix. Unlike traditional family trees, these include bigamists, same-sex couples and illegitimate children.

　　“同族的英国人”是由尼古拉斯·詹金斯创办的，他是位于加州斯坦福大学的教授。创建这个网站的灵感来源于詹金斯教授对自己身世的追溯和对20世纪诗人奥登本经的调查研究。现在这个网站在英国已有近3万访问量。进入网站的访客使用清晰的信息图表和交互工具来追踪人们之间的关系。船队队长、银行家、诗人、画家、律师以及政治家都包括在其中。有别于以往的家谱，这项项目包括重婚者、同性恋以及私生子。

　　The project is an intriguing⁷ example of the “digital humanities”. Scholars are starting to interact with coders and website designers to make their research more accessible and data publicly available.

　　这个项目是“数字人文”的一个有趣的例子。学者们开始和编码员以及网站设计师就同族英国人项目进行交流来使寻亲搜索更加可靠，寻亲信息更加公开化。

　　Certain affinities⁸ appear in the data. Poets are often related to each other whereas novelists tend to be linked by marriage. T.S. Eliot, a 20th-century American-born poet, is a distant cousin of the British bards⁹ Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley (a link presumably unknown to Eliot). In contrast links between Jane Austen and Charles Dickens, perhaps the two most famous 19th-century novelists, are through several generations of marriages. As characters in novels are more meritocratic, so too are novelists.

　　在数据中，一些亲缘关系出现了。诗人往往是相互关联的，而小说家一般是通过婚姻来挂钩。20世纪出生在美国的诗人艾略特是英国吟游诗人阿尔佛雷德、坦尼森、拜伦、波比·雪莱等的远亲表弟，（这层关系艾略特应该不知道）。与之形成对比的是，可称之为19世纪最著名的两位小说家简奥斯汀和狄更斯之间的关系是通过好几代婚姻来建立的。因为小说中的人物更加精英化，所以他们自己也是小说家。

　　Other connections are more unexpected. Gwyneth Paltrow (pictured), an American actress, is linked by marriage to A.C. Swinburne, a Victorian poet who dabbled¹⁰ in sadomasochistic verses. David Cameron, the prime minister, is distantly connected to Harold Pinter, a dramatist who once said that voting for Margaret Thatcher¹¹ in 1979 was “the most shameful¹² act of my life”. Kevin Bacon, a famously well-connected American actor, is related to the 16th-century philosopher Francis Bacon.

　　还有一些关系是没有想到的。美国女演员格温妮丝·帕特洛（上图右），通过婚姻与涉足于虐恋诗的维多利亚时期的斯温伯恩建立关系。首相卡梅隆与戏剧家哈罗德·品特是远方亲戚，哈罗德·品特曾表示1979年投票选举玛格丽特·撒切尔是他一生中感觉最羞耻的行为。出生名门的凯文·贝肯与16世纪的哲学家弗兰西斯·培根有亲戚关系。

　　And yet despite its novelty, “Kindred Britain” touches on an older notion. Even within the sprawl¹³ of data, a handful of families are shown to have shaped British culture and history. The number of prime ministers related to each other may not be surprising. But the links between different walks of life are illuminating¹⁴, for both literary critics and celebrity-spotters alike.

　　尽管“同族的英国人”这个项目很新奇，但是它却涉及一个古老的概念。即使身处于这些杂乱无章的数据里面，一些家庭还是看到了自己已经影响了大不列颠的文化和历史。不论对于文学评论家还是名人评论家来说，首相之间的关系或许不足以让人吃惊，但是不同阶级之间的关系确是很有深意的。

1 isle   

n.小岛，岛

参考例句：

• He is from the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea.他来自爱尔兰海的马恩岛。
• The boat left for the paradise isle of Bali.小船驶向天堂一般的巴厘岛。

2 celebrities   

n.（尤指娱乐界的）名人( celebrity的名词复数 )；名流；名声；名誉

参考例句：

• He only invited A-list celebrities to his parties. 他只邀请头等名流参加他的聚会。
• a TV chat show full of B-list celebrities 由众多二流人物参加的电视访谈节目

3 rummaging   

翻找，搜寻( rummage的现在分词 )； 海关检查

参考例句：

• She was rummaging around in her bag for her keys. 她在自己的包里翻来翻去找钥匙。
• Who's been rummaging through my papers? 谁乱翻我的文件来着？

4 census   

n.(官方的)人口调查，人口普查

参考例句：

• A census of population is taken every ten years.人口普查每10年进行一次。
• The census is taken one time every four years in our country.我国每四年一次人口普查。

5 obsession   

n.困扰，无法摆脱的思想(或情感)

参考例句：

• I was suffering from obsession that my career would be ended.那时的我陷入了我的事业有可能就此终止的困扰当中。
• She would try to forget her obsession with Christopher.她会努力忘记对克里斯托弗的迷恋。

6 interactive   

adj.相互作用的，互相影响的，（电脑）交互的

参考例句：

• The psychotherapy is carried out in small interactive groups.这种心理治疗是在互动的小组之间进行的。
• This will make videogames more interactive than ever.这将使电子游戏的互动性更胜以往。

7 intriguing   

adj.有趣的；迷人的v.搞阴谋诡计(intrigue的现在分词)；激起…的好奇心

参考例句：

• These discoveries raise intriguing questions. 这些发现带来了非常有趣的问题。
• It all sounds very intriguing. 这些听起来都很有趣。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 affinities   

n.密切关系( affinity的名词复数 )；亲近；（生性）喜爱；类同

参考例句：

• Cubism had affinities with the new European interest in Jazz. 主体派和欧洲新近的爵士音乐热有密切关系。 来自辞典例句
• The different isozymes bind calcium ions with different affinities. 不同的同功酶以不同的亲和力与钙离子相结合。 来自辞典例句

9 bards   

n.诗人( bard的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There were feasts and drinking and singing by the bards. 他们欢宴狂饮，还有吟游诗人的歌唱作伴助兴。 来自英汉非文学 - 历史
• Round many western islands have I been Which Bards in fealty to Apollo hold. 还有多少西方的海岛，歌都已使它们向阿波罗臣服。 来自英汉 - 翻译样例 - 文学

10 dabbled   

v.涉猎( dabble的过去式和过去分词 )；涉足；浅尝；少量投资

参考例句：

• He dabbled in business. 他搞过一点生意。 来自辞典例句
• His vesture was dabbled in blood. 他穿的衣服上溅满了鲜血。 来自辞典例句

11 thatcher   

n.茅屋匠

参考例句：

• Tom Sawyer was in the skiff that bore Judge Thatcher. 汤姆 - 索亚和撒切尔法官同乘一条小艇。 来自英汉文学 - 汤姆历险
• Mrs. Thatcher was almost crazed; and Aunt Polly, also. 撒切尔夫人几乎神经失常，还有波莉姨妈也是。 来自英汉文学 - 汤姆历险

12 shameful   

adj.可耻的，不道德的

参考例句：

• It is very shameful of him to show off.他向人炫耀自己，真不害臊。
• We must expose this shameful activity to the newspapers.我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。

13 sprawl   

vi.躺卧，扩张，蔓延；vt.使蔓延；n.躺卧，蔓延

参考例句：

• In our garden,bushes are allowed to sprawl as they will.在我们园子里，灌木丛爱怎么蔓延就怎么蔓延。
• He is lying in a sprawl on the bed.他伸开四肢躺在床上。

14 illuminating   

a.富于启发性的，有助阐明的

参考例句：

• We didn't find the examples he used particularly illuminating. 我们觉得他采用的那些例证启发性不是特别大。
• I found his talk most illuminating. 我觉得他的话很有启发性。