经济学人519:阿富汗大选 势力加入

　　Afghanistan's election
阿富汗大选
Joining forces
势力加入
A new alliance forms just as fighting season begins
新的竞选联盟出现，但战斗刚刚开始
Abdullah's the man
阿卜杜拉
AFGHANISTAN announced the results of the first round of its presidential election on May 15th. Abdullah Abdullah, a former foreign minister, gained 45% of the vote. Ashraf Ghani, a former World Bank official, secured 31.6% and Zalmai Rassoul, another former foreign minister, got 11.4%. The election will now move to a run-off between Dr Abdullah and Mr Ghani, due on June 14th.
阿富汗于5月15日公布了总统大选首轮结果：前外长阿卜杜拉·阿卜杜拉赢得45%的支持率，前世界银行官员阿什拉夫·贾尼获得31.6%，另一位前外长扎尔迈·拉苏尔获得了11.4%。大选将于6月14日在阿卜杜拉与贾尼间决出胜者。
The manoeuvring for the second round had already begun before the announcement, as Mr Rassoul, aware he would finish third, threw his support behind Dr Abdullah on May 11th. The move boosted the former ophthalmologist's chances of becoming president. Dr Abdullah is of mixed Pushtun-Tajik ethnicity but is widely seen as Tajik, so the endorsement¹ from Mr Rassoul, from the dominant² Pushtuns, is valuable. Mr Ghani is also a Pushtun.
第二轮的竞争在首轮结果宣布之前业已打响。5月11日，当拉苏尔自知将位列第三，便对阿卜杜拉予以声援支持，此举进一步提高这位前眼科医生成为总统的可能。阿卜杜拉是普什图-塔吉克混血，但一般认为他是塔吉克人，因此普什图人拉苏尔的支持对他来说甚为珍贵（阿国普什图族为主）。贾尼也是普什图人。
阿富汗大选.jpg
Now debate will focus on whether a run-off should take place at all. In the previous election in 2009, under international pressure, Dr Abdullah stood down after the first round, even though his opponent, Hamid Karzai, did not reach 50%. Mindful of the security risks and the costs of a run-off, and of the double-digit gap between them, some suggest Mr Ghani should do the same, but he has pledged to fight on.
目前的争议集中在第二轮竞争是否有存在必要。上次09大选，尽管对手哈米德·卡尔扎伊并没有达到50%支持率，但迫于国际压力，阿卜杜拉还是在首轮之后就退出竞选。出于对第二轮竞选安全风险和成本的考虑，以及二者之前两位数的差距，一些人认为贾尼也应当学习阿卜杜拉当年的做法。但贾尼称要继续竞选。
A run-off will give the new president a mandate³, but it will also let the Taliban reassert themselves. Having failed to disrupt the first round, they signalled their intentions on May 12th, launching a spring offensive with attacks across the country. The second round seems sure to be bloodier⁴. The Taliban also promised to target the remaining foreign troops, as well as government institutions. No wonder that both Dr Abdullah and Mr Ghani have pledged to sign a security pact⁵ with America to allow 10,000 foreign soldiers to remain in Afghanistan after the majority leave by the end of the year.
第二轮选举将产生新总统，但也将给塔利班有机会卷土重来。塔利班未能扰乱第一轮，遂声称将于5月12日在阿富汗全国发起春季攻势。第二轮选举注定将发生更多流血事件。塔利班称尚未撤军的外国军队和政府机关都将成为攻击目标。难怪阿卜杜拉和贾尼都承诺与美国签订安全协议，以确保在驻阿部队年底前大部分撤离的情况下在阿富汗维持10000人的军队规模。

1 endorsement   

n.背书；赞成，认可，担保；签(注)，批注

参考例句：

• We are happy to give the product our full endorsement.我们很高兴给予该产品完全的认可。
• His presidential campaign won endorsement from several celebrities.他参加总统竞选得到一些社会名流的支持。

2 dominant   

adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因

参考例句：

• The British were formerly dominant in India.英国人从前统治印度。
• She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。

3 mandate   

n.托管地；命令，指示

参考例句：

• The President had a clear mandate to end the war.总统得到明确的授权结束那场战争。
• The General Election gave him no such mandate.大选并未授予他这种权力。

4 bloodier   

adj.血污的( bloody的比较级 )；流血的；屠杀的；残忍的

参考例句：

5 pact   

n.合同，条约，公约，协定

参考例句：

• The two opposition parties made an electoral pact.那两个反对党订了一个有关选举的协定。
• The trade pact between those two countries came to an end.那两国的通商协定宣告结束。