经济学人:历史的遗骨 卡梅伦如何看待"血腥星期日"

 　　Britain Northern Ireland

　　英国 北爱尔兰

　　The bones of the past

　　历史的遗骨

　　Another troubling reminder¹ that Britain, at times, plays dirty

　　又一令人不安的提示：英国不时使阴招

　　Mrs Finucane guards the flame

　　斐努凯恩夫人守护爱人

　　David Cameron has proved adept², in dealing³ with historical issues arising from the conflict in Northern Ireland, at employing the simple but effective tactic⁴ of declining to defend the indefensible. His handsome and forthright⁵ apology over the Bloody⁶ Sunday killings⁸ by British forces in 1972 earned him much kudos⁹ in Ireland.

　　在处理由北爱尔兰的争端引起的历史议题时，大卫·卡梅隆证明自己擅长使用简单而不是强词夺理的有效策略。他关于英国军方在1972年造成的“血腥星期日”的深刻而坦率的道歉令他在爱尔兰备受赞誉。

　　This week, after an official report detailed¹⁰ wrongdoing by British intelligence officers more than two decades ago, he went to the House of Commons and described it as “shocking” at least four times. “It is really shocking,” he said, “that this happened in our country.”

　　本周，在一份官方报告详细描述了四十多年前英国情报官员的不当行为之后，他前往下议院演讲，并至少四次用“骇人听闻”形容这一事件。“这样的事件竟然发生在我们的国家，”他说，“这简直骇人听闻。”

　　He was speaking about the murder of Pat Finucane, a Catholic solicitor¹¹ gunned down in 1989 by assassins who resented his effectiveness in representing republicans. The gunmen were members of the loyalist Ulster Defence Association (UDA), a collection of brutal¹² backstreet gangs, but immediately after the murder rumours¹³ circulated that they had been directed by British security personnel. Those allegations, which many thought far-fetched at the time, have now been formally confirmed.

　　他所说的是对帕特·斐努凯恩的谋杀。死者是一名天主教律师，他在北爱尔兰共和主义者中具有卓尔不凡的号召力，也因此招致仇恨，在1989年被暗杀。枪手是阿尔斯特防卫团的忠实成员，该团是一帮野蛮的街头流氓，但在暗杀之后流言蜚语四散，表示他们是受英国安全人员指派而行事。这些在当时看来站不住脚的指控如今已被官方证实。

　　The report by Sir Desmond de Silva, the lawyer commissioned by Mr Cameron to go through the papers in the case, lays out in meticulous¹⁴ detail how senior army and police intelligence officers colluded in the killings of Finucane and other republican sympathisers. This included helping¹⁵ to identify, target and murder the lawyer, supplying a weapon and facilitating its later disappearance¹⁶, and deliberately¹⁷ obstructing¹⁸ subsequent investigations²⁰. On three occasions Finucane was known to be on UDA death lists but police, with the approval of the army and MI5,Britain’s domestic intelligence service, gave him no warning. The very idea of killing⁷ him was probably suggested to a UDA member by a police officer, Sir Desmond concluded. There was a flow of security-force information to the UDA: perhaps 85% of its intelligence came from official sources.

　　律师戴斯蒙德·席尔瓦受卡梅隆先生委托，调查这起案件的公文。他的报告纤毫毕现地陈述了军方高级官员和警方情报人员合谋杀害斐努凯恩和其他共和派同情者的事实。这包括了帮助确认身份，定位并暗杀律师，提供武器支持，并在之后藏匿，想方设法阻挠后续调查。知情人士三次得知斐努凯恩在阿尔斯特防卫团的死亡名单上，但警方在军队和英国国家情报局MI5的授意下没有警示斐努凯恩。戴斯蒙德总结道，刺杀斐努凯恩的想法极有可能是一位警方官员授意给阿尔斯特防卫团的。阿尔斯特防卫团接受到源源不断的安全情报，其中可能有85%是官方来源。

　　It also seems that two British agents working in the ranks of the UDA were involved in Finucane’s actual murder. One, planted there by the army, had gathered information on him and carried out a reconnaissance of his home. The second, working for the police, held guns for the UDA, and handed to a “hit team” a weapon used in the attack on Finucane. His handlers knew someone was to be shot: the de Silva report concluded that police could have acted to prevent the murder.

　　也有证据表明两名在阿尔斯特防卫团卧底的英国特工参与了斐努凯恩的谋杀。其中一名受命于军队，收集关于他的信息并实行了对其住所的侦查。另一个受命于警方，为阿尔斯特防卫团掌管武器并将武器提供给“行动组”，最终在暗杀中得到使用。他的幕僚知道有人将被暗杀。席尔瓦在报告中断定警方本可以采取行动防止谋杀的发生。

　　A third loyalist, who drove the gunmen to the solicitor’s home, was not an agent at the time but later told police he had been involved. Detectives wished to pursue him for the murder but, in a move Mr Cameron described as “extraordinary”, a Special Branch superintendent²¹ intervened and instead ordered his recruitment as an agent. The investigation¹⁹ was effectively dropped.

　　第三个是一位忠实成员，他开车把枪手送到律师的住所。当时他并不是一位特工但事后告诉警方他也涉及其中。警探希望能通过他接近谋杀的真相但一位特别部门的警察长插手干预，并招募他为特工。这一招在卡梅隆看来“精妙绝伦”。调查也就此中断。

　　One of the few notes of consolation²² for the government was the finding that there had been no “over-arching state conspiracy²³ to murder Patrick Finucane”, and that ministers were genuinely in the dark about the murkier²⁴ aspects of intelligence work in Belfast. The report did, however, accuse successive governments of “a wilful²⁵ and abject²⁶ failure” to provide guidelines on how agents should be handled within the law—a criticism that will resonate today in police forces in England whose undercover agents have got up to no good.

　　仅有的几条让政府慰藉的记录之一就是尚无决定性的证据指向谋杀帕特里克-芬努凯恩是国家阴谋，以及大臣们确实对贝尔法斯特迷雾重重的情报工作一无所知。然而，报告指责“蓄意卑鄙”的历届政府提供给特工们如何在法律范围内行事的行动指南——这也是对今天英国警察部门的秘密特工所做坏事的侧面批评。

　　Much has changed in Northern Ireland since 1989. The army no longer patrols the streets ofBelfast, though a diminished UDA is still out there, rioting in recent weeks in a dispute over flags. The peace process, and the shared government it led to, are rightly seen as a towering success.

　　自1989年以来，北爱尔兰发生了天翻地覆的变化。尽管残余阿尔斯特防卫团的势力仍在作祟，在关于国旗的争端上引发了骚乱，但军队已不再巡视贝尔法斯特的街道。和平进程以及由此引出的自治政府被视为令人瞩目的成就。

　　But bits of the unburied past from time to time come to light, and require response. Geraldine Finucane calls this report into her husband’s death a “whitewash”. Mr Cameron is resisting demands for a public inquiry²⁷ into his death. Enough has already emerged to move Sir Menzies Campbell, a Liberal Democrat²⁸ veteran, to declare to his fellow MPs that “in the more than 25 years for which I have been a Member of this House, I cannot remember a statement from the Dispatch Box that has filled me with more revulsion and horror.”

　　但历史的遗骨不时暴露在聚光灯下，并亟待回应。杰拉德灵·斐努凯恩称这份关于他丈夫之死的调查“掩饰真相”。卡梅隆拒绝了对斐努凯恩之死展开公开调查的诉求。这一切足以让门西斯坎培尔恼怒不堪。这位自民党元老向他的同僚宣称“在我当议员的25年多的生涯里，不曾在下议院听到过更令人恶心而恐惧的语言。”

　　1.dealing with 处理

　　例句:He was criticized for his delay in dealing with the matter.

　　他由于没有及时处理这件事而受到批评。

　　2.go through 参加；经受

　　例句:You must go through customs in order to pass across the border.

　　你过边境就必须在海关办理手续。

　　3.come to light 暴露；真相大白

　　例句:Perhaps very soon a crime with perpetrator unknown will come to light.

　　或许不久就有一桩未知杀人案即将披露。

　　4.carried out 实施

　　例句:These operations have been carried out according to schedule.

　　这些行动已按预定计划实施。

1 reminder   

n.提醒物，纪念品；暗示，提示

参考例句：

• I have had another reminder from the library.我又收到图书馆的催还单。
• It always took a final reminder to get her to pay her share of the rent.总是得发给她一份最后催缴通知，她才付应该交的房租。

2 adept   

adj.老练的，精通的

参考例句：

• When it comes to photography,I'm not an adept.要说照相，我不是内行。
• He was highly adept at avoiding trouble.他十分善于避开麻烦。

3 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

4 tactic   

n.战略，策略；adj.战术的，有策略的

参考例句：

• Reducing prices is a common sales tactic.降价是常用的销售策略。
• She had often used the tactic of threatening to resign.她惯用以辞职相威胁的手法。

5 forthright   

adj.直率的，直截了当的 [同]frank

参考例句：

• It's sometimes difficult to be forthright and not give offence.又直率又不得罪人，这有时很难办到。
• He told me forthright just why he refused to take my side.他直率地告诉我他不肯站在我这一边的原因。

6 bloody   

adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染

参考例句：

• He got a bloody nose in the fight.他在打斗中被打得鼻子流血。
• He is a bloody fool.他是一个十足的笨蛋。

7 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

8 killings   

谋杀( killing的名词复数 )； 突然发大财，暴发

参考例句：

• His statement was seen as an allusion to the recent drug-related killings. 他的声明被视为暗指最近与毒品有关的多起凶杀案。
• The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。

9 kudos   

n.荣誉，名声

参考例句：

• He received kudos from everyone on his performance.他的表演受到大家的称赞。
• It will acquire no kudos for translating its inner doubts into hesitation.如果由于内心疑虑不安而在行动上举棋不定，是得不到荣誉的。

10 detailed   

adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的

参考例句：

• He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
• A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。

11 solicitor   

n.初级律师，事务律师

参考例句：

• The solicitor's advice gave me food for thought.律师的指点值得我深思。
• The solicitor moved for an adjournment of the case.律师请求将这个案件的诉讼延期。

12 brutal   

adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的

参考例句：

• She has to face the brutal reality.她不得不去面对冷酷的现实。
• They're brutal people behind their civilised veneer.他们表面上温文有礼，骨子里却是野蛮残忍。

13 rumours   

n.传闻( rumour的名词复数 )；风闻；谣言；谣传

参考例句：

• The rumours were completely baseless. 那些谣传毫无根据。
• Rumours of job losses were later confirmed. 裁员的传言后来得到了证实。

14 meticulous   

adj.极其仔细的，一丝不苟的

参考例句：

• We'll have to handle the matter with meticulous care.这事一点不能含糊。
• She is meticulous in her presentation of facts.她介绍事实十分详细。

15 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

16 disappearance   

n.消失，消散，失踪

参考例句：

• He was hard put to it to explain her disappearance.他难以说明她为什么不见了。
• Her disappearance gave rise to the wildest rumours.她失踪一事引起了各种流言蜚语。

17 deliberately   

adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地

参考例句：

• The girl gave the show away deliberately.女孩故意泄露秘密。
• They deliberately shifted off the argument.他们故意回避这个论点。

18 obstructing   

阻塞( obstruct的现在分词 )； 堵塞； 阻碍； 阻止

参考例句：

• You can't park here, you're obstructing my driveway. 你不能在这里停车，你挡住了我家的车道。
• He was charged for obstructing the highway. 他因阻碍交通而受控告。

19 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

20 investigations   

（正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究

参考例句：

• His investigations were intensive and thorough but revealed nothing. 他进行了深入彻底的调查，但没有发现什么。
• He often sent them out to make investigations. 他常常派他们出去作调查。

21 superintendent   

n.监督人，主管，总监；(英国)警务长

参考例句：

• He was soon promoted to the post of superintendent of Foreign Trade.他很快就被擢升为对外贸易总监。
• He decided to call the superintendent of the building.他决定给楼房管理员打电话。

22 consolation   

n.安慰，慰问

参考例句：

• The children were a great consolation to me at that time.那时孩子们成了我的莫大安慰。
• This news was of little consolation to us.这个消息对我们来说没有什么安慰。

23 conspiracy   

n.阴谋，密谋，共谋

参考例句：

• The men were found guilty of conspiracy to murder.这些人被裁决犯有阴谋杀人罪。
• He claimed that it was all a conspiracy against him.他声称这一切都是一场针对他的阴谋。

24 murkier   

adj.阴暗的( murky的比较级 )；昏暗的；（指水）脏的；混浊的

参考例句：

• If not, the outcome may be a lot murkier. 而如不然，结果可能就会更加含糊不清。 来自互联网
• This leads us into the murkier areas of human behaviour. 这让我们看到了人类行为较阴暗的领域。 来自互联网

25 wilful   

adj.任性的，故意的

参考例句：

• A wilful fault has no excuse and deserves no pardon.不能宽恕故意犯下的错误。
• He later accused reporters of wilful distortion and bias.他后来指责记者有意歪曲事实并带有偏见。

26 abject   

adj.极可怜的，卑屈的

参考例句：

• This policy has turned out to be an abject failure.这一政策最后以惨败而告终。
• He had been obliged to offer an abject apology to Mr.Alleyne for his impertinence.他不得不低声下气，为他的无礼举动向艾莱恩先生请罪。

27 inquiry   

n.打听，询问，调查，查问

参考例句：

• Many parents have been pressing for an inquiry into the problem.许多家长迫切要求调查这个问题。
• The field of inquiry has narrowed down to five persons.调查的范围已经缩小到只剩5个人了。

28 democrat   

n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员

参考例句：

• The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
• About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。