经济学人:投降派奶酪猴?法国军队真这么不堪一击?

 　　Charlemagne

　　查理曼大帝专栏

　　Europe in a foreign field

　　海外欧洲军

　　The Europeans’ ability to deploy¹ force abroad is falling, but Mali shows it is still needed

　　欧洲的海外驻军不断减少，但马里冲突表明其仍需对外调兵

　　When young men go to war resentment² turns against those shirking danger. In Iraq the Americans denounced the French as cheese-eating surrender monkeys. In the intervention³ in Mali, French politicians are dismayed by the absence of allies, especially Europeans, in the fight against jihadists.

　　青年前赴沙场时，就无比憎恶逃兵。在伊拉克战争中，法国人被美国人贬为“投降派奶酪猴”（cheese-eating surrender monkeys, 译者注：讽刺法国人在战场上表现软弱）。而本次对抗伊斯兰圣战教徒的马里军事介入中，法国又因缺乏盟友（尤其在欧洲）而使其政府官员深感失望。

　　The French conservative opposition⁴ leader, Jean-Francois Cope, was among those complaining that “for now, our country is alone at the front.” Plantu, cartoonist for Le Monde, had President Francois Hollande as Tintin riding into battle, with the European Union depicted⁵ as the comically inept⁶ policemen, Dupond et Dupont (Thomson and Thompson in the English version), calling from their couch: “We are all with you!”

　　在这些官员中有法国右翼反对党党首让·弗朗斯·库佩（Jean-Francois Cope），他们一起抗议道：“现在只有我国孤军上前线。”任职于法国《世界报》的漫画家伯朗都则将其画入漫画。画中的法国总统弗朗索瓦·奥朗德（Francois Hollande）成了漫画人物丁丁（Tintin），并坐车前赴战场，而欧盟则成了成了搞笑的菜鸟警察杜邦与杜帮（Dupond et Dupont，英文版中为“汤姆森与汤普森”（Thomson and Thompson）），两人坐在板凳上上喊道：“你不会一个人的！”

　　Such criticism is harsh. The British, the Belgians, Danes, Italians, Germans and Canadians offered airlift support; the Americans are thinking of offering intelligence and air-to-air refuelling. French officials, who usually deride⁷ Cathy Ashton, the EU’s foreign-policy chief, are pleased she called an emergency meeting of foreign ministers on January 17th, and is ready to speed the deployment⁸ of a planned military training mission to Mali.

　　该批评略显苛刻。本次马里冲突中，英国、比利时、丹麦、意大利、德国和加拿大五国都向法军提供了空运援助；而美国则考虑提供情报共享与空中加油。本月17日欧盟外长（EU’s foreign-policy chief）凯瑟琳·阿什顿（Cathy Ashton）召开紧急外长会议，准备向马里政府军提供军事训练团。这让向来爱对其冷嘲热讽的法国官员十分满意。

　　Yet the reality is that only the French are putting their troops in harm’s way to push back the militants⁹. African forces that were meant to lead the reconquest of northern Mali in the autumn are being sent pell-mell, but many worry about their abilities. Nobody in Europe or America disputes the danger posed by the emergence¹⁰ in the Sahel of a Taliban-style haven¹¹. For one senior (non-French) security source, the region has become “al-Qaeda’s fastest-growing franchise”.

　　但事实上，派兵歼敌而深入险境的只有法军。马里政府正仓促部署非洲军，意欲于今秋收复马里北部，但该军队实力令人堪忧。而本次冲突发生于塔利班（Taliban）成员栖息的萨赫勒地区，这是欧美双方未曾涉及之地。根据某高级安全情报（来自法国以外），该地区已成为“基地组织发展最快的根据地”。

　　As the former colonial power in the region, and a target of jihadist menaces, France feels the danger more acutely than others. And the fact is that, among Europeans, only the French and the British have the will and wherewithal to fight abroad at short notice. The French never wanted a front-line role. Instead they had hoped to send a small contingent¹² of French experts wrapped in a European training mission, inside a multinational¹³ West African force—all enveloped¹⁴ in a political strategy to promote the return to democracy in southern Mali and reconciliation¹⁵ with some rebels in the north and sealed with a UN mandate¹⁶. It was the jihadists’ pre-emptive assault on the south that forced the French to abandon the indirect approach.

　　由于马里原为法属殖民地，并存在伊斯兰圣战教徒的威胁，这让法国对马里冲突之担忧超乎其他各国。事实上，欧洲各国中，唯独英法两国具备短时间出兵海外的意向与资金。而法国却从不希望打头阵。相反，法国本希望以欧洲培训团的名义派遣一小批法国专家，加入包含各国成员的西非（West African）军中。该行动囊括于“对南恢复民主、对北绥靖叛军”的马里政治方针之下，并已得到联合国授权。但伊斯兰教徒抢先袭击了马里南部，这让法国不得不放弃原先的间接援助政策。

　　Still, Mali is the sort of contingency¹⁷ that the EU’s “battlegroups” (formations of about 1,500 soldiers deployable¹⁸ at short notice) could be taking on. The unit currently on the roster¹⁹, the “Weimar battlegroup”, is led by Poland with contributions from France and Germany. But for the Poles, already committed in Afghanistan, Mali is a foreign war too many. And the Germans are always reluctant to put boots on the ground. Established since 2007, the battlegroups have never seen action. Enthusiasm for them is already waning²⁰. There are supposed to be two battlegroups at the ready in each six-month period, but lack of contributions means this has dropped to one.

　　但是，马里冲突仍属欧盟“战斗群”（由约1500名士兵组成的部队，可在短时间内立即调动）可解决的突发事件。如今当值的“魏玛战斗群（Weimar battlegroup）”由波兰军带头，外加法、德二军组成。但已投身于阿富汗的波兰军无暇顾及马里战争。德军也不愿涉足于该地。2007年成立后的“战斗群”从未投入实战中过。“战斗群”的士兵热情已大不如前。原本两支“战斗群”将轮换待命，但由于其无所作为，两支已精简为一支。

　　L’Europe de la defence, as the French call the idea of an autonomous²¹ EU force, has an unhappy history. France killed the idea of a European army in 1954. Europeans’ reliance on America during the Balkan wars of the 1990s revived the idea of greater EU military capacity, launched at the 1998 St Malo summit by Tony Blair and Jacques Chirac. But the plan ran afoul of America, which feared France was trying to undermine NATO, and was then stalled by Franco-British spats²² over the Iraq war in 2003. Reassured²³ by France’s return to NATO’s command in 2009, the Americans then encouraged a stronger EU military role. But last year Britain vetoed plans for a new EU military headquarters. At the behest of Britain and others, NATO took charge of the war in Libya, leaving the EU on the sidelines.

　　建立欧洲独立军队这一想法被法国人成为“欧洲国防（L’Europe de la defence）”，该设想进展并不顺利。1954年，欧洲建军的设想遭法国封杀。而随后1990年代巴尔干半岛接连发生战争，多次依靠美国后让欧洲再次兴起欧盟扩军的想法。该计划于1998年的圣马洛（St Malo）峰会上，由英国前首相托尼·布莱尔（Tony Blair）和法国前总统雅克·希拉克（Jacques Chirac）发起。但该计划却让美国担心法国企图削弱北约（NATO）而损害其利益。而后的2003年伊拉克战争中，英法两国不合让该计划暂时搁置一旁。2009年，法国重掌北约后，终于说服美国，使欧盟扩军计划得到了其支持。但去年，在新建欧盟军事总部的计划上，英国投了反对票。最终，去年的利比亚战争根据英国等国的要求，全权由北约负责，而将欧盟军队架空一边。

　　Now a new Franco-British pragmatism is gaining ground. The French have discreetly²⁴ set aside institution-building and the British have quietly accepted the benefit of modest EU operations. The most visible is Operation Atalanta, the anti-piracy²⁵ naval²⁶ patrols off Somalia. Last year an Italian helicopter was sent in to shoot up a pirate supply base. The EU now runs a training mission for Somali forces (based in Uganda), pays for the African intervention force in Somalia and is training neighbouring countries to secure their own coastlines. This has reduced piracy and raised hopes for a better future in Somalia. Some of this is being applied²⁷ to the Sahel. Apart from training the demoralised Malian army, the EU will help African contingents²⁸ with money and logistics. It is already training forces in Niger, and may soon help the new Libyan government secure its border.

　　而今，英法两国重新走上务实路线。一方面，法国谨慎地将建立总部的计划搁浅，而另一方面，英国则默默承认欧盟采取适当军事行动的益处。最明显的一例莫过于驱逐索马里（Somalia）海盗的“亚特兰大行动”（Operation Atalanta）。而去年，欧盟还派出一架意大利直升机，在海盗补给基地上空进行扫射。如今，在索马里冲突问题上，欧盟不但为索马里政府提供军事训练（训练基地位于乌干达（Uganda）），资助非洲军队武装介入消除该冲突，而且还为加强索马里各邻国海岸防线而对其进行训练。欧盟的介入在削弱海盗的同时，也让索马里的前景一片光明。而上述手段现都已投入到马里冲突之中。除了为士气不振的马里政府军提供军事训练外，欧盟还在资金和后勤上援助了数支非洲军。尼日尔的训练基地已投入运营，或许不久后将支援利比亚（Libyan）新政府驻守国境。

　　Unappealing, but unavoidable?

　　欧军不济，但却大势所趋？

　　The French may have felt compelled to go in alone, but to get out they will have to rely on the EU and the Africans. Mali shows that, although the French and the British retain the ambition to fight on day one, they want the EU, for all its flaws, to help maintain stability on day 100 and beyond.

　　在向马里进军时，法军或许只能孤军奋战，但撤军时却必须依靠欧盟与非洲军。从本次马里冲突来看，尽管英法两国在战斗初期势不可挡，但一旦进入持久战，两国将急需欧盟援助来维持局势稳定，即便欧盟军队仍问题重重。

　　Europe’s strategic outlook is changing. As the Americans pivot²⁹ towards the Pacific, Europeans will need to take charge of their own security and the stability of their “neighbourhood”. Yet their means to do so are dwindling³⁰. The debt crisis has forced many countries to cut their defence budgets, often in an unco-ordinated manner. The British and French are retrenching³¹, too.

　　欧洲的战略前景正在发生变化。随着美国的战略核心转向太平洋地区，欧洲在本土安全与邻国安定上需自力更生。但是，其自立手段却日显萎缩。欧债危机下，欧洲各国不得不削减军事开支，而其削减幅度常常有失偏颇。英法两国也在这些削减成员之中。

　　Even given more money, soldiers and equipment, the formula for success in foreign wars remains³² mysterious. Iraq, Afghanistan and even Libya have hardly been unqualified successes for Western intervention. Some Europeans hoped these would end the appetite for overseas adventures. Yet the war in Mali came unexpectedly and may have been unavoidable. For better or worse, it will not be the last European intervention.

　　但即便资金和军备再充足，欧州军在海外获胜的概率仍属未知数。伊拉克、阿富汗乃至利比亚战争的胜利确实都可归功于欧洲的军事介入。对此，一些欧洲人希望欧洲军队都就此收手，不再出兵海外。但本次马里战争出乎人们意料，无可避免。但无论欧洲军表现是好是坏，本次欧洲军事介入绝不是其最后一次。

　　1.For better or worse 不论好坏

　　例句:I married you for better or worse, knowing all about these problems.

　　这些问题我都知道，不管怎样我还是嫁给了你。

　　2.take charge of 接管；负责

　　例句:Dr. Smith is assigned to take charge of the department.

　　史密斯大夫受命分管这个部门。

　　3.get out 离开；出去

　　例句:They probably wanted to get out of the country

　　他们或许想逃离这个国家。

　　4.shoot up 狙击；猛增

　　例句:The fair market value of the property shot up.

　　这处房产的公平市价增长迅速。

1 deploy   

v.（军）散开成战斗队形，布置，展开

参考例句：

• The infantry began to deploy at dawn.步兵黎明时开始进入战斗位置。
• The president said he had no intention of deploying ground troops.总统称并不打算部署地面部队。

2 resentment   

n.怨愤，忿恨

参考例句：

• All her feelings of resentment just came pouring out.她一股脑儿倾吐出所有的怨恨。
• She cherished a deep resentment under the rose towards her employer.她暗中对她的雇主怀恨在心。

3 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

4 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

5 depicted   

描绘，描画( depict的过去式和过去分词 )； 描述

参考例句：

• Other animals were depicted on the periphery of the group. 其他动物在群像的外围加以修饰。
• They depicted the thrilling situation to us in great detail. 他们向我们详细地描述了那激动人心的场面。

6 inept   

adj.不恰当的，荒谬的，拙劣的

参考例句：

• Whan an inept remark to make on such a formal occasion.在如此正式的场合，怎么说这样不恰当的话。
• He's quite inept at tennis.他打网球太笨。

7 deride   

v.嘲弄，愚弄

参考例句：

• Some critics deride the group as self - appointed food police.一些批评人士嘲讽这个组织为“自封的食品警察”。
• They deride his effort as childish.他们嘲笑他的努力，认为太孩子气。

8 deployment   

n. 部署,展开

参考例句：

• He has inquired out the deployment of the enemy troops. 他已查出敌军的兵力部署情况。
• Quality function deployment (QFD) is a widely used customer-driven quality, design and manufacturing management tool. 质量功能展开(quality function deployment,QFD)是一个广泛应用的顾客需求驱动的设计、制造和质量管理工具。

9 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

10 emergence   

n.浮现，显现，出现，（植物）突出体

参考例句：

• The last decade saw the emergence of a dynamic economy.最近10年见证了经济增长的姿态。
• Language emerges and develops with the emergence and development of society.语言是随着社会的产生而产生，随着社会的发展而发展的。

11 haven   

n.安全的地方，避难所，庇护所

参考例句：

• It's a real haven at the end of a busy working day.忙碌了一整天后，这真是一个安乐窝。
• The school library is a little haven of peace and quiet.学校的图书馆是一个和平且安静的小避风港。

12 contingent   

adj.视条件而定的；n.一组，代表团，分遣队

参考例句：

• The contingent marched in the direction of the Western Hills.队伍朝西山的方向前进。
• Whether or not we arrive on time is contingent on the weather.我们是否按时到达要视天气情况而定。

13 multinational   

adj.多国的，多种国籍的；n.多国籍公司，跨国公司

参考例句：

• The firm was taken over by a multinational consulting firm.这家公司被一个跨国咨询公司收购。
• He analyzed the relationship between multinational corporations and under-developed countries.他分析了跨国公司和不发达国家之间的关系。

14 enveloped   

v.包围，笼罩，包住( envelop的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• She was enveloped in a huge white towel. 她裹在一条白色大毛巾里。
• Smoke from the burning house enveloped the whole street. 燃烧着的房子冒出的浓烟笼罩了整条街。 来自《简明英汉词典》

15 reconciliation   

n.和解，和谐，一致

参考例句：

• He was taken up with the reconciliation of husband and wife.他忙于做夫妻间的调解工作。
• Their handshake appeared to be a gesture of reconciliation.他们的握手似乎是和解的表示。

16 mandate   

n.托管地；命令，指示

参考例句：

• The President had a clear mandate to end the war.总统得到明确的授权结束那场战争。
• The General Election gave him no such mandate.大选并未授予他这种权力。

17 contingency   

n.意外事件，可能性

参考例句：

• We should be prepared for any contingency.我们应该对任何应急情况有所准备。
• A fire in our warehouse was a contingency that we had not expected.库房的一场大火是我们始料未及的。

18 deployable   

糟透的，可叹的，可悲的； 应受谴责的； 破旧的

参考例句：

• Here you can add and remove deployable languages and retail products. 您可以在这儿添加和删除可部署语言和零售产品。
• Deployable underwater Surveillance Systems-Analysis of Experimental Results. Part 3; Saclantcen rept. 可配置水下监视系统枣实验结果分析。第三部分。

19 roster   

n.值勤表，花名册

参考例句：

• The teacher checked the roster to see whom he would teach this year.老师查看花名册，想了解今年要教的学生。
• The next day he put himself first on the new roster for domestic chores.第二天，他把自己排在了新的家务值日表的第一位。

20 waning   

adj.（月亮）渐亏的，逐渐减弱或变小的n.月亏v.衰落( wane的现在分词 )；（月）亏；变小；变暗淡

参考例句：

• Her enthusiasm for the whole idea was waning rapidly. 她对整个想法的热情迅速冷淡了下来。
• The day is waning and the road is ending. 日暮途穷。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

21 autonomous   

adj.自治的；独立的

参考例句：

• They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province.他们自豪地宣布成为新自治省的一部分。
• This is a matter that comes within the jurisdiction of the autonomous region.这件事是属于自治区权限以内的事务。

22 spats   

n.口角( spat的名词复数 )；小争吵；鞋罩；鞋套v.spit的过去式和过去分词( spat的第三人称单数 )；口角；小争吵；鞋罩

参考例句：

• Gasoline is a solvent liquid that removes grease spats. 汽油是一种能脱去油迹的有溶解能力的液体。 来自辞典例句
• Then spats took a catnap, and the bird looked out for dogs. 然后斯派茨小睡了一会儿。小鸟为它站岗放哨，防止狗跑过来。 来自互联网

23 reassured   

adj.使消除疑虑的；使放心的v.再保证，恢复信心( reassure的过去式和过去分词)

参考例句：

• The captain's confidence during the storm reassured the passengers. 在风暴中船长的信念使旅客们恢复了信心。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• The doctor reassured the old lady. 医生叫那位老妇人放心。 来自《简明英汉词典》

24 discreetly   

ad.(言行)审慎地，慎重地

参考例句：

• He had only known the perennial widow, the discreetly expensive Frenchwoman. 他只知道她是个永远那么年轻的寡妇，一个很会讲排场的法国女人。
• Sensing that Lilian wanted to be alone with Celia, Andrew discreetly disappeared. 安德鲁觉得莉莲想同西莉亚单独谈些什么，有意避开了。

25 piracy   

n.海盗行为，剽窃，著作权侵害

参考例句：

• The government has already adopted effective measures against piracy.政府已采取有效措施惩治盗版行为。
• They made the place a notorious centre of piracy.他们把这地方变成了臭名昭著的海盗中心。

26 naval   

adj.海军的，军舰的，船的

参考例句：

• He took part in a great naval battle.他参加了一次大海战。
• The harbour is an important naval base.该港是一个重要的海军基地。

27 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

28 contingents   

（志趣相投、尤指来自同一地方的）一组与会者( contingent的名词复数 )； 代表团； （军队的）分遣队； 小分队

参考例句：

• We were forced to rely on French contingents. 我们势必被迫依恃法国驻军。
• The internal security forces are composed of contingents and mobile divisions. 内卫部队由各总队和机动师组成。

29 pivot   

v.在枢轴上转动；装枢轴，枢轴；adj.枢轴的

参考例句：

• She is the central pivot of creation and represents the feminine aspect in all things.她是创造的中心枢轴，表现出万物的女性面貌。
• If a spring is present,the hand wheel will pivot on the spring.如果有弹簧，手轮的枢轴会装在弹簧上。

30 dwindling   

adj.逐渐减少的v.逐渐变少或变小( dwindle的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• The number of wild animals on the earth is dwindling. 地球上野生动物的数量正日渐减少。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He is struggling to come to terms with his dwindling authority. 他正努力适应自己权力被削弱这一局面。 来自辞典例句

31 retrenching   

v.紧缩开支( retrench的现在分词 )；削减（费用）；节省

参考例句：

32 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。