2022年经济学人 目标驱动型员工的不同目标（上）

Business

商业

Bartleby -- Purpose and the employee

巴托比专栏——目标与员工

Some people want to change the world. But not everyone.

有些人想要改变世界，但不是每个人都这么想。

What is the meaning of mayonnaise?

蛋黄酱存在的意义是什么？

For Unilever, a consumer-goods giant whose products are all meant to stand for something, the purpose of its Hellmann's brand is to reduce food waste by making leftovers¹ tasty.

对于消费品巨头联合利华来说，它的所有产品都代表着某种东西，其好乐门品牌的目标就是，通过让剩菜变得好吃来减少食物浪费。

For Terry Smith, a fund manager fed up with Unilever's dipping share price, this is crazy.

特里·史密斯觉得这简直是疯了。这位基金经理受够了联合利华不断下跌的股价。

"The Hellmann's brand has existed since 1913," he wrote earlier this month.

“好乐门这一品牌自1913年就已存在，”他在本月早些时候写道。

"So we would guess that by now consumers have figured out its purpose (spoiler alert -- salads and sandwiches)."

“所以我们猜，消费者现在已经弄清楚了它的用途（剧透警告——沙拉和三明治）。”

Mr Smith's concern is the financial performance of Unilever (in the face of investor² disquiet³, the firm is now planning management cuts and an overhaul⁴ of its operating model).

史密斯先生担心的是联合利华的财务表现（面对投资者的不安，该公司正计划削减管理人员并彻底改革其运营模式）。

But his underlying⁵ point, that doing the obvious job well can be purpose enough, is one that has much wider application.

但他的基本观点的适用范围要广泛得多，即把一件平平无奇的工作做好就已经足够有意义了。

For it is true of colleagues as well as condiments⁶.

因为这个道理不仅适用于调味品，也适用于工作中的同伴。

The very idea of a purposeful employee conjures⁷ up a specific type of person.

一提到有目标的员工，人们就会联想到一种特定类型的人。

They crave⁸ a meaningful job that changes society for the better.

他们渴望一份能让社会变得更好的有意义的工作。

When asked about their personal passion projects, they don't say "huh?" or "playing Wordle".

当他们被问及有什么个人很热衷的事情时，他们不会说“这是什么?”或“玩字谜”。

They are concerned about their legacy⁹ and almost certainly have a weird¹⁰ diet.

他们关注自己的遗产，几乎肯定还有一个奇怪的饮食习惯。

Yet this is not the only way to think about purpose-driven employees.

然而，目的驱动型员工并不是只有这一种。

New research from Bain, a consultancy, into the attitudes of 20,000 workers across ten countries confirms that people are motivated by different things.

贝恩咨询公司对来自10个国家的2万名员工的态度进行的一项新研究证实，人们的动机是不同的。

Bain identifies six different archetypes, far too few to reflect the complexity¹¹ of individuals but a lot better than a single lump of employees.

贝恩公司确定了六种不同的典型，虽然样本数太少，无法反映出个体的复杂性，但还是比单一的员工群体要好得多。

"Pioneers" are the people on a mission to change the world; "artisans" are interested in mastering a specific skill; "operators" derive¹² a sense of meaning from life outside work; "strivers" are more focused on pay and status; "givers" want to do work that directly improves the lives of others; and "explorers" seek out new experiences.

“先驱者”是那些以改变世界为使命的人；“工匠”对掌握一种特定的技能感兴趣；“经营者”从工作之外的生活中获得意义；“奋斗者”更关注薪水和职位；“给予者”想要从事能直接改善他人生活的工作；而“探险者”则寻求新的体验。

These archetypes are unevenly¹³ distributed across different industries and roles.

这些典型在不同的行业和角色中分布不均。

Pioneers in particular are more likely to cluster in management roles.

尤其是先驱者更有可能在管理岗位上扎堆。

The Bain survey finds that 25% of American executives match this archetype, but only 9% of the overall us sample does so.

贝恩公司的调查发现，25%的美国高管符合这一典型，而整个美国样本中只有9%的人符合这一典型。

Another survey of American workers carried out by McKinsey, a consulting firm, in 2020 found that executives were far likelier than other respondents to say that their purpose was fulfilled by their job.

咨询公司麦肯锡在2020年对美国员工进行的另一项调查发现，高管们比其他受访者更有可能表示，他们通过工作实现了自己的目标。

1 leftovers   

n.剩余物，残留物，剩菜

参考例句：

• He can do miracles with a few kitchen leftovers.他能用厨房里几样剩饭做出一顿美餐。
• She made supper from leftovers she had thrown together.她用吃剩的食物拼凑成一顿晚饭。

2 investor   

n.投资者，投资人

参考例句：

• My nephew is a cautious investor.我侄子是个小心谨慎的投资者。
• The investor believes that his investment will pay off handsomely soon.这个投资者相信他的投资不久会有相当大的收益。

3 disquiet   

n.担心，焦虑

参考例句：

• The disquiet will boil over in the long run.这种不安情绪终有一天会爆发的。
• Her disquiet made us uneasy too.她的忧虑使我们也很不安。

4 overhaul   

v./n.大修，仔细检查

参考例句：

• Master Worker Wang is responsible for the overhaul of this grinder.王师傅主修这台磨床。
• It is generally appreciated that the rail network needs a complete overhaul.众所周知，铁路系统需要大检修。

5 underlying   

adj.在下面的，含蓄的，潜在的

参考例句：

• The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
• This word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。

6 condiments   

n.调味品

参考例句：

• Refill and clean all salt and peppers, sugar bowls, and other condiments. 清洁并续满所有的胡椒瓶、盐瓶、糖缸及其他调料。
• Go easy on condiments, they tend to be salty. 别放太多调味品，这样往往会太咸。

7 conjures   

用魔术变出( conjure的第三人称单数 )； 祈求，恳求； 变戏法； （变魔术般地） 使…出现

参考例句：

• The word 'birthday' conjures up images of presents and parties. “生日”这个词使人想起礼物和聚会的情景。
• The name Sahara conjures up images of a desert of aridity. "撒哈拉"这个名字使人想起干旱的沙漠情景。

8 crave   

vt.渴望得到，迫切需要，恳求，请求

参考例句：

• Many young children crave attention.许多小孩子渴望得到关心。
• You may be craving for some fresh air.你可能很想呼吸呼吸新鲜空气。

9 legacy   

n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西

参考例句：

• They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
• He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。

10 weird   

adj.古怪的，离奇的；怪诞的，神秘而可怕的

参考例句：

• From his weird behaviour,he seems a bit of an oddity.从他不寻常的行为看来，他好像有点怪。
• His weird clothes really gas me.他的怪衣裳简直笑死人。

11 complexity   

n.复杂(性)，复杂的事物

参考例句：

• Only now did he understand the full complexity of the problem.直到现在他才明白这一问题的全部复杂性。
• The complexity of the road map puzzled me.错综复杂的公路图把我搞糊涂了。

12 derive   

v.取得；导出；引申；来自；源自；出自

参考例句：

• We derive our sustenance from the land.我们从土地获取食物。
• We shall derive much benefit from reading good novels.我们将从优秀小说中获得很大好处。

13 unevenly   

adv.不均匀的

参考例句：

• Fuel resources are very unevenly distributed. 燃料资源分布很不均匀。
• The cloth is dyed unevenly. 布染花了。