2022年经济学人 美联储将基准利率上调50个基点

The world this week--Business

本周国际要闻--商业

America’s Federal Reserve raised its benchmark interest rate by half a percentage point, lifting it to a target range of 0.75% to 1%.

美联储将基准利率提高了0.5个百分点，将其提高到0.75%到1%的目标区间。

It was the biggest increase since 2000.

这是自2000年以来的最大增幅。

The Fed also unveiled a plan to start reducing its nearly $9trn balance-sheet from June, and accelerate the pace of sales in September, intensifying¹ its battle against inflation.

美联储还公布了一项计划，将从6月份开始削减其近9万亿美元的资产负债表，并在9月份加快出售步伐，加大对抗通胀的力度。

More half-point rate rises are expected this year.

预计今年还会有更多0.5个百分点的加息。

The Reserve Bank of Australia increased its benchmark rate for the first time in 11 years, to 0.35%, amid high inflation.

由于通胀居高不下，澳大利亚储备银行11年来首次将基准利率上调至0.35%。

India’s central bank also unexpectedly raised its main rate, to 4.4%, in an effort to tame prices, especially for food.

印度央行也出人意料地将主要利率上调至4.4%，以抑制物价，尤其是食品价格。

With many tech share prices shedding their gains from the pandemic, the Nasdaq stockmarket fell by 13.3% in April, its worst monthly performance since the financial crisis in 2008.

随着许多科技股失去了疫情带来的收益，纳斯达克股票市场在4月份下跌了13.3%，这是自2008年金融危机以来最糟糕的月度表现。

Amazon’s stock struggled to recover from the hammering it took after the company reported a slowdown in quarterly revenue from online sales.

亚马逊公布季度在线销售收入放缓后，该公司股价受到重创，但仍在努力恢复。

It recorded a net loss of $3.8bn, in part because it wrote down the value of its investment in Rivian, which makes electric vehicles.

该公司录得38亿美元的净亏损，部分原因是该公司减记了对电动汽车制造商Rivian的投资价值。

Amazon’s cloud-computing division, which provides the backbone² of its profits, did well.

作为亚马逊利润支柱的云计算部门表现良好。

The momentum³ that labour activists⁴ were hoping for from the recent decision by workers at an Amazon warehouse⁵ to join a union stalled, after staff at a smaller facility voted against unionisation.

亚马逊一家较小仓库的员工投票反对成立工会，之后，劳工活动人士希望亚马逊一家仓库的工人最近决定加入工会的势头停滞了。

Lyft lost 30% of its stockmarket value, after the ride-hailing company forecast a weak outlook.

来福车股价下跌30%，此前这家叫车公司就预测前景黯淡。

Uber’s share price also fell, though not as sharply;

优步的股价也出现了下跌，不过没有那么剧烈;

its business rebounded⁶ in the first quarter because of “strong mobility⁷ demand”, but it nevertheless made a $5.9bn loss because of its sinking investments in tech firms.

该公司业务在第一季度出现反弹，原因是“移动需求强劲”，但由于对科技公司的投资减少，该公司亏损59亿美元。

Underlining a reversal in fortunes compared with the tech sector⁸ over the course of the pandemic, the oil industry reported bumper⁹ quarterly profits, helped by surging oil prices.

石油行业在油价飙升的帮助下，公布了丰厚的季度利润，突显出疫情期间与科技行业相比的命运逆转。

Despite a $24bn write-down from leaving Russia, BP’s headline profit came in at $6.2bn, the best since 2008.

尽管英国石油因离开俄罗斯而减记了240亿美元，但其整体利润仍为62亿美元，为2008年以来最高。

It expanded its share buy-back programme.

该公司扩大了股票回购计划。

Shell’s adjusted profit of $9.1bn was its best ever.

壳牌调整后利润为91亿美元，创历史新高。

ExxonMobil tripled its stock buy-backs and Chevron¹⁰ recorded its most profitable three months since 2012.

埃克森美孚的股票回购额增加了两倍，雪佛龙录得2012年以来最赚钱的三个月。

Intercontinental Exchange (ICE), the owner of the New York Stock Exchange, agreed to buy Black Knight¹¹, a provider of mortgage data and software, for $13.1bn.

纽约证交所的母公司洲际交易所同意以131亿美元收购抵押数据和软件提供商黑骑士。

Like other stockmarket operators, ICE has been expanding into fintech and other areas outside equities¹².

与其他股市运营商一样，洲际交易所一直在向金融科技和股票以外的其他领域扩张。

Its acquisition of Black Knight comes amid a boom in American house prices.

该公司收购黑骑士正值美国房价暴涨之际。

1 intensifying   

v.（使）增强， （使）加剧( intensify的现在分词 )；增辉

参考例句：

• The allies are intensifying their air campaign. 联军部队正加大他们的空战强度。 来自辞典例句
• The rest of the European powers were in a state of intensifying congestion. 其余的欧洲强国则处于越来越拥挤的状态。 来自英汉非文学 - 历史

2 backbone   

n.脊骨，脊柱，骨干；刚毅，骨气

参考例句：

• The Chinese people have backbone.中国人民有骨气。
• The backbone is an articulate structure.脊椎骨是一种关节相连的结构。

3 momentum   

n.动力，冲力，势头；动量

参考例句：

• We exploit the energy and momentum conservation laws in this way.我们就是这样利用能量和动量守恒定律的。
• The law of momentum conservation could supplant Newton's third law.动量守恒定律可以取代牛顿第三定律。

4 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 warehouse   

n.仓库；vt.存入仓库

参考例句：

• We freighted the goods to the warehouse by truck.我们用卡车把货物运到仓库。
• The manager wants to clear off the old stocks in the warehouse.经理想把仓库里积压的存货处理掉。

6 rebounded   

弹回( rebound的过去式和过去分词 )； 反弹； 产生反作用； 未能奏效

参考例句：

• The ball rebounded from the goalpost and Owen headed it in. 球从门柱弹回，欧文头球将球攻进。
• The ball rebounded from his racket into the net. 球从他的球拍上弹回网中。

7 mobility   

n.可动性，变动性，情感不定

参考例句：

• The difference in regional house prices acts as an obstacle to mobility of labour.不同地区房价的差异阻碍了劳动力的流动。
• Mobility is very important in guerrilla warfare.机动性在游击战中至关重要。

8 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

9 bumper   

n.(汽车上的)保险杠；adj.特大的，丰盛的

参考例句：

• The painting represents the scene of a bumper harvest.这幅画描绘了丰收的景象。
• This year we have a bumper harvest in grain.今年我们谷物丰收。

10 chevron   

n.V形臂章；V形图案

参考例句：

• He wore shoulderstrap rank slides with sergeant's chevrons.他佩戴标示级别的肩章，上面有中士的V形标志。
• The chevron or arrow road sign indicates a sharp bend to the left or right.V形或箭头路标表示有向左或向右的急转弯。

11 knight   

n.骑士，武士；爵士

参考例句：

• He was made an honourary knight.他被授予荣誉爵士称号。
• A knight rode on his richly caparisoned steed.一个骑士骑在装饰华丽的马上。

12 equities   

普通股，股票

参考例句：

• These are invested mainly in the OECD bonds and equities. 这些资产主要投资于经济合作及发展组织的债券与股票市场。
• They are also advantage of the global rebound in equities. 它们还在利用全球股市反弹的机会。