2022年经济学人 软件应用商店这桩大生意

Business

商业

App store fees -- Store wars

应用商店抽成--商店大战

Laws and litigation threaten a big source of Apple's and Google's profits

法规和诉讼威胁着苹果和谷歌的一大利润来源

What does it take to rein¹ in two of the biggest companies on the planet?

如何才能约束世界上最大的两家公司？

A coalition² of Swedish music-streamers, South Korean politicians and Dutch dating apps, apparently³.

一个由瑞典音乐流媒体、韩国政客和荷兰约会应用软件组成的联盟，表面上来看是这样的。

They seem to be succeeding where America's federal government has failed: to force changes to the way Apple and Google run their app stores.

他们似乎在美国联邦政府失败的地方取得了成功：迫使苹果和谷歌改变其应用商店的运营方式。

The app stores are big businesses, with combined sales last year of $133bn, three times the total five years earlier.

应用商店是桩大生意，去年的销售额总计达到1330亿美元，是过去5年销售额之和的3倍。

Apple and Google take a cut of up to 30%, which is thought to contribute a fifth of the operating profits at Apple and Alphabet, Google's parent company.

苹果和谷歌从中抽取高达30%的分成，这被认为贡献了苹果和谷歌母公司Alphabet五分之一的营业利润。

The 30% levy⁴ began in Apple's iTunes music store and was copied to its iPhone app store, launched in 2008.

30%的抽成始于苹果的iTunes音乐商店，后被同样应用到2008年推出的iPhone应用商店中。

As people came to use their phones for gaming, streaming and much else, it evolved into a tax on digital activity.

随着人们开始用手机玩游戏、看视频，以及做其它很多事情，它演变成了一种数码活动税。

Sign up to a service like Disney+ on your phone and Apple or Google get a cut of your subscription⁵ for ever.

当你在手机上签约订阅像Disney+这样的服务时，苹果或谷歌将持续从你的订阅中获得一部分分成。

Apps have had to use the tech duo's payment systems, and could not tell users about other ways to sign up.

应用软件不得不使用这两家科技公司的支付系统，并且无法告知用户使用其他方式订阅。

Gripes from app developers have forced only minor⁶ concessions⁷: last year Apple said it would let them link to external payment pages and Google reduced its fees for subscriptions⁸.

应用程序开发者的抱怨仅迫使他们做出了很小的让步：去年，苹果表示将允许他们链接外部支付页面，谷歌减少了它从订阅中抽取的费用。

Now, though, the dam is bursting.

不过现在，大坝正在决堤。

Last summer South Korea banned app stores from forcing developers to use a particular payment system.

去年夏天，韩国禁止应用商店强迫开发者使用特定的支付系统。

In December Dutch regulators made a similar ruling against Apple, after a complaint by developers of dating apps.

去年12月，在约会应用软件开发者提出投诉后，荷兰监管机构做出了类似的不利于苹果的裁决。

On March 23rd the trend went global.

3月23日，这一趋势在全球范围内蔓延。

Google announced a deal with Spotify, a vocal⁹ critic of app-store fees, to let the music-streamer handle its own billing.

谷歌宣布与声讨应用商店抽成的Spotify达成协议，允许这家音乐流媒体公司自己处理账单。

Google will lower its commission rate, probably in line with the four-percentage-point cut agreed in South Korea.

谷歌将下调佣金费率，可能与韩国达成的4个百分点的下调幅度一致。

It says more deals are on the way.

该公司表示，之后还会有更多优惠条款。

Google's magnanimity anticipates laws that may require bigger concessions.

谷歌的高姿态预示着法律可能要求作出更大的让步。

A bill before America's Congress would force app stores to allow payment alternatives and let apps advertise other ways to sign up.

提交给美国国会的一项法案将强制要求应用商店允许使用其它支付方式，并允许应用程序公布其他订阅渠道。

A bigger threat comes from the EU's Digital Markets Act (DMA), approved in draft form on March 24th.

更大的威胁来自欧盟的数字市场法案，该法案于3月24日以草案的形式获得通过。

The colossal¹⁰ bill covers various aspects of digital markets, including app stores.

这一庞大的法案涵盖了数字市场的各个方面，包括应用商店。

The DMA, which is on track to come into force next year, would force mobile platforms to allow third-party app stores and "sideloading" of apps directly from the web -- something Google permits but Apple does not.

将于明年生效的DMA将迫使移动平台允许第三方应用商店和直接通过网络“侧载”应用--谷歌允许这一操作，但苹果不允许。

Offenders¹¹ face fines of up to 20% of worldwide revenue and bans on acquisitions.

违规者将面临高达其全球收入20%的罚款，并被禁止参与收购。

Apple's boss, Tim Cook, has warned that sideloading would "destroy the security of the iPhone".

苹果公司的老板蒂姆·库克警告称，侧载会“损害iPhone的安全性”。

That is a bit much: Apple allows sideloading on its desktop¹² computers without calamity¹³.

这有点过头了：苹果允许在其台式电脑上进行侧载，没有造成什么灾难。

But Apple's much bigger share of the mobile market could make the iPhone a juicier target for malware.

但苹果在移动市场上的份额更大，这可能会使iPhone更成为恶意软件更青睐的攻击目标。

And the company trades heavily on privacy and security.

该公司在隐私和安全方面下了很大功夫。

Despite what the authors of the DMA seem to believe, writes Benedict Evans, a tech analyst¹⁴, you cannot "pass laws against trade-offs".

科技分析师本尼迪克特·埃文斯写道，不管DMA的发起者是怎么认为的，你都不能“通过不平衡的法规”。

1 rein   

n.疆绳，统治，支配；vt.以僵绳控制，统治

参考例句：

• The horse answered to the slightest pull on the rein.只要缰绳轻轻一拉,马就作出反应。
• He never drew rein for a moment till he reached the river.他一刻不停地一直跑到河边。

2 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

3 apparently   

adv.显然地；表面上，似乎

参考例句：

• An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
• He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。

4 levy   

n.征收税或其他款项，征收额

参考例句：

• They levy a tax on him.他们向他征税。
• A direct food levy was imposed by the local government.地方政府征收了食品税。

5 subscription   

n.预订，预订费，亲笔签名，调配法，下标（处方）

参考例句：

• We paid a subscription of 5 pounds yearly.我们按年度缴纳5英镑的订阅费。
• Subscription selling bloomed splendidly.订阅销售量激增。

6 minor   

adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修

参考例句：

• The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
• I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。

7 concessions   

n.（尤指由政府或雇主给予的）特许权( concession的名词复数 )；承认；减价；（在某地的）特许经营权

参考例句：

• The firm will be forced to make concessions if it wants to avoid a strike. 要想避免罢工，公司将不得不作出一些让步。
• The concessions did little to placate the students. 让步根本未能平息学生的愤怒。

8 subscriptions   

n.（报刊等的）订阅费( subscription的名词复数 )；捐款；（俱乐部的）会员费；捐助

参考例句：

• Subscriptions to these magazines can be paid in at the post office. 这些杂志的订阅费可以在邮局缴纳。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Payment of subscriptions should be made to the club secretary. 会费应交给俱乐部秘书。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 vocal   

adj.直言不讳的；嗓音的；n.[pl.]声乐节目

参考例句：

• The tongue is a vocal organ.舌头是一个发音器官。
• Public opinion at last became vocal.终于舆论哗然。

10 colossal   

adj.异常的，庞大的

参考例句：

• There has been a colossal waste of public money.一直存在巨大的公款浪费。
• Some of the tall buildings in that city are colossal.那座城市里的一些高层建筑很庞大。

11 offenders   

n.冒犯者( offender的名词复数 )；犯规者；罪犯；妨害…的人（或事物）

参考例句：

• Long prison sentences can be a very effective deterrent for offenders. 判处长期徒刑可对违法者起到强有力的威慑作用。
• Purposeful work is an important part of the regime for young offenders. 使从事有意义的劳动是管理少年犯的重要方法。

12 desktop   

n.桌面管理系统程序；台式

参考例句：

• My computer is a desktop computer of excellent quality.我的计算机是品质卓越的台式计算机。
• Do you know which one is better,a laptop or a desktop?你知道哪一种更好，笔记本还是台式机？

13 calamity   

n.灾害，祸患，不幸事件

参考例句：

• Even a greater natural calamity cannot daunt us. 再大的自然灾害也压不垮我们。
• The attack on Pearl Harbor was a crushing calamity.偷袭珍珠港(对美军来说)是一场毁灭性的灾难。

14 analyst   

n.分析家，化验员；心理分析学家

参考例句：

• What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst?你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务？
• The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards.分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。