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2022年经济学人 多国消费者价格指数上涨(1)

时间:2022-05-25 01:41来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
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Finance & economics

财经板块

Consumer prices: public enemy

消费者价格:全民公敌

America was first, now inflation is starting to look entrenched1 in other places.

美国首当其冲,如今通货膨胀也开始在其他地区深深扎根。

Inflation dominates the American popular psyche2 to an extent not seen since the 1980s, when prices were last rising at the current pace.

自上世纪80年代,物价上一次以当前速度上涨以来,通货膨胀首次在美国人心中占据了前所未有的主导地位。

Much like complaining about the weather or last night’s basketball play-offs, moaning about higher prices has become a conversation starter.

正如同人们曾经抱怨天气或前一天晚上的篮球季后赛一样,现在物价上涨成为了人们挂在嘴边的日常话题。

According to figures published on May 11th, consumer prices rose by 8.3% in April, compared with the previous year.

根据5月11日公布的数据,与去年相比,美国四月份的消费者价格上涨了8.3%。

A day earlier, President Joe Biden called fighting inflation his “top domestic priority”.

一天前,美国总统拜登称抗击通胀是他“国内事务的首要任务”。

Newspapers are publishing four times as many stories mentioning inflation as they did a year ago; several polls suggest that Americans believe inflation is a bigger problem for their country than the war in Ukraine.

报纸上发表的文章,提到通货膨胀的频率是去年的四倍;几项民意调查显示,美国人认为通货膨胀是比乌克兰战争更大的问题。

But America is not alone. Inflation is also becoming baked into everyday life in other parts of the rich world.

但美国并不是独一份。在其他富裕国家,通货膨胀也已成为日常生活的一部分。

The Economist3 has gathered data on five indicators4 across ten big economies—”core” inflation, which excludes food and energy prices; the dispersion in inflation rates for the sub-components of the consumer-price index; labour costs; inflation expectations; and Google searches for inflation.

《经济学人》收集了十大经济体的五个指标的数据——不包括食品和能源价格的“核心”通货膨胀;消费者价格指数组成部分的通货膨胀率离散程度;劳动力成本;通胀预期;谷歌上通货膨胀的搜索量。

To gauge5 where inflation has become most pervasive6, we rank each country according to how it fares on each measure, and then combine these ranks to form an “inflation entrenchment” score.

为了衡量哪些国家的通胀最为普遍,我们根据每个国家在各项指标上的表现给它们排名,然后将这些排名结合起来,形成一个“通胀程度”得分。

Continental7 Europe, so far at least, seems to have escaped the worst of the scourge8. Inflation is leaving barely a trace on Japan.

至少到目前为止,欧洲大陆似乎避免了这场灾难的最坏影响。日本几乎没有通货膨胀的痕迹。

But it is entwining itself around Anglophone economies. Canada is faring slightly worse even than America. Britain has a big problem on its hands.

但通货膨胀与以英语为母语的经济体紧密交织。加拿大的情况甚至比美国还要差一点儿。英国面临着一个大问题。

A few factors explain the differences. Total fiscal9 stimulus10 across Anglophone countries in 2020-21 was about 40% more generous than in other rich places, according to our estimates.

有几个因素可以解释这种差异。根据我们的估计,在2020-2021年,英语国家的财政刺激总额比其他富裕国家要高出约40%。

It was also more focused on handouts11 to households (such as stimulus cheques). That may have further stoked demand.

它也更注重对家庭的救济(如刺激支票)。这可能进一步刺激了需求。

Monetary12 policy in the euro area and Japan was already ultra-loose before the pandemic, limiting the amount of extra stimulus central banks could provide.

在新冠疫情之前,欧元区和日本的货币政策已经超宽松,限制了央行可以提供的额外刺激的数量。

Britain’s inflation may also reflect an idiosyncratic factor: Brexit. It turns out that breaking with your largest trading partner causes costs to rise.

英国的通胀可能也反映了一个特殊因素:英国脱欧。事实证明,与最大的贸易伙伴决裂会导致成本上升。


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1 entrenched MtGzk8     
adj.确立的,不容易改的(风俗习惯)
参考例句:
  • Television seems to be firmly entrenched as the number one medium for national advertising.电视看来要在全国广告媒介中牢固地占据头等位置。
  • If the enemy dares to attack us in these entrenched positions,we will make short work of them.如果敌人胆敢进攻我们固守的阵地,我们就消灭他们。
2 psyche Ytpyd     
n.精神;灵魂
参考例句:
  • His exploration of the myth brings insight into the American psyche.他对这个神话的探讨揭示了美国人的心理。
  • She spent her life plumbing the mysteries of the human psyche.她毕生探索人类心灵的奥秘。
3 economist AuhzVs     
n.经济学家,经济专家,节俭的人
参考例句:
  • He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
  • He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家,自以为什么都懂。
4 indicators f46872fc1b5f08e9d32bd107be1df829     
(仪器上显示温度、压力、耗油量等的)指针( indicator的名词复数 ); 指示物; (车辆上的)转弯指示灯; 指示信号
参考例句:
  • The economic indicators are better than expected. 经济指标比预期的好。
  • It is still difficult to develop indicators for many concepts used in social science. 为社会科学领域的许多概念确立一个指标仍然很难。
5 gauge 2gMxz     
v.精确计量;估计;n.标准度量;计量器
参考例句:
  • Can you gauge what her reaction is likely to be?你能揣测她的反应可能是什么吗?
  • It's difficult to gauge one's character.要判断一个人的品格是很困难的。
6 pervasive T3zzH     
adj.普遍的;遍布的,(到处)弥漫的;渗透性的
参考例句:
  • It is the most pervasive compound on earth.它是地球上最普遍的化合物。
  • The adverse health effects of car exhaust are pervasive and difficult to measure.汽车尾气对人类健康所构成的有害影响是普遍的,并且难以估算。
7 continental Zazyk     
adj.大陆的,大陆性的,欧洲大陆的
参考例句:
  • A continental climate is different from an insular one.大陆性气候不同于岛屿气候。
  • The most ancient parts of the continental crust are 4000 million years old.大陆地壳最古老的部分有40亿年历史。
8 scourge FD2zj     
n.灾难,祸害;v.蹂躏
参考例句:
  • Smallpox was once the scourge of the world.天花曾是世界的大患。
  • The new boss was the scourge of the inefficient.新老板来了以后,不称职的人就遭殃了。
9 fiscal agbzf     
adj.财政的,会计的,国库的,国库岁入的
参考例句:
  • The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
  • The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。
10 stimulus 3huyO     
n.刺激,刺激物,促进因素,引起兴奋的事物
参考例句:
  • Regard each failure as a stimulus to further efforts.把每次失利看成对进一步努力的激励。
  • Light is a stimulus to growth in plants.光是促进植物生长的一个因素。
11 handouts 447505a1e297b8bcf79fa46be9e067f8     
救济品( handout的名词复数 ); 施舍物; 印刷品; 讲义
参考例句:
  • Soldiers oversee the food handouts. 士兵们看管着救济食品。
  • Even after losing his job, he was too proud to accept handouts. 甚至在失去工作后,他仍然很骄傲,不愿接受施舍。
12 monetary pEkxb     
adj.货币的,钱的;通货的;金融的;财政的
参考例句:
  • The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
  • Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。
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TAG标签:   2022年听力  经济学人
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