2022年经济学人 英国无意撤回减税方案 英镑兑美元汇率暴跌

The world this week--Business

本周国际要闻--商业

Markets took fright at the British government’s announcement of huge tax cuts.

市场对英国政府宣布的大幅减税感到恐慌。

The cuts, laid out by Kwasi Kwarteng, the new chancellor¹ of the exchequer², include reductions to payroll³ taxes, income taxes and stamp duty.

新任财政大臣夸西·克瓦滕提议的削减措施包括削减工资税、所得税和印花税。

Investors⁴ were perturbed⁵ by the amount of borrowing required to pay for the cuts, the biggest for half a century.

投资者对为减税所需买单的借款数额感到不安，这是半个世纪以来的最大一次。

Mr Kwarteng had disregarded common practice by not asking the Office for Budget Responsibility, an independent watchdog, for its assessment⁶.

克瓦滕无视惯例，没有要求预算责任办公室(一个独立的监督机构)对其进行评估。

The Treasury⁷ tried to reassure⁸ markets by announcing that he would unveil a medium-term fiscal⁹ plan, but not until November 23rd.

财政部试图通过宣布他将公布中期财政计划来安抚市场，但要等到11月23日才会公布。

“The markets will react as they will,” said Mr Kwarteng after producing his tax cuts.

克瓦滕在提出他的减税方案后表示:“市场的反应将如期而至。”

The pound was hammered, dropping briefly¹⁰ to its lowest level on record against the dollar.

英镑受到重创，兑美元汇率一度跌至历史最低水平。

It also fell sharply against other currencies.

英镑兑其他货币的汇率也大幅下跌。

The cost of British government debt soared; the yield on ten-year bonds rose to 4.3%, up by one percentage point over a week.

英国政府债务成本飙升；十年期债券收益率升至4.3%，一周内上升了一个百分点。

Banks withdrew hundreds of mortgage products because of the uncertainty¹¹.

由于不确定性，英国各银行撤回了数百种抵押贷款产品。

Citing a “material risk” to Britain’s financial stability, the Bank of England intervened.

英国央行以英国金融稳定面临“重大风险”为由进行了干预。

It said it would buy long-term government bonds for 13 days on whatever scale is necessary “to restore orderly market conditions”.

英国央行表示，无论规模有多大，都要购买为期13天的长期政府债券，以“恢复有序的市场状况”。

The rout¹² in British gilts¹³ was the most dramatic element of a wider sell-off in government bonds.

英国金边债券暴跌是政府债券大范围抛售最显著的因素。

Yields have been rising as the Federal Reserve talks tough on inflation.

随着美联储在通胀问题上态度强硬，其收益率一直在上升。

The yield on the US ten-year Treasury bond touched 4% before falling back.

美国十年期国债收益率在回落之前触及4%。

Stockmarkets also had a rollercoaster week.

股市也经历了过山车般的一周。

The S&P 500 fell to its lowest level in nearly two years and the Dow Jones Industrial Average entered bear territory when it reached 20% below its peak in January.

标准普尔500指数跌至近两年来的最低水平，道琼斯工业股票平均价格指数在1月份比峰值低20%，进入熊市区域。

The IMF urged Britain to re-evaluate the tax cuts.

国际货币基金组织敦促英国重新评估减税措施。

It said it was monitoring the situation and was “engaged with the authorities”, statements it would normally make when a developing economy faces a sudden crisis.

该组织表示正在密切关注形势，“与当局进行接触”。这是当发展中经济体面临突然危机时，该组织通常会发表的声明。

The fund said it would not recommend introducing a “large and untargeted” fiscal package, “given elevated inflation pressures”.

该组织表示，“鉴于通胀压力加大”，不会建议推出“大规模且无针对性的”财政方案。

Sterling¹⁴ is not the only currency to have tumbled against the dollar this year.

英镑并不是今年兑美元汇率暴跌的唯一货币。

The euro and the yen¹⁵ have also fallen.

欧元和日元也出现了下跌。

The Chinese yuan dropped this week to a near 14-year low, threatening to break its trading range around the dollar, despite interventions¹⁶ by China’s central bank.

人民币汇率本周跌至近14年来的最低点，尽管中国央行进行了干预，但人民币兑美元汇率仍有可能突破交易区间。

The Indian rupee sank to a new low.

印度卢比跌至新低。

House prices in America rose by 15.8% in July, year on year, according to the S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller Index.

根据S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller指数，美国房价7月份同比上涨15.8%。

In June prices rose by 18.1%.

6月份，价格上涨了18.1%。

The decline of 2.3 percentage points in the growth rate was the largest ever for the index.

增长率下降2.3个百分点，是该指数有史以来最大的降幅。

With interest rates on the rise, mortgage finance has become more expensive, which could see home prices continue to cool.

随着利率的上升，抵押贷款变得更加昂贵，这可能会导致房价继续降温。

America’s Department of Transportation approved plans to develop infrastructure¹⁷ for electric vehicles in all 50 states, and build a network of charging points covering 75,000 miles (120,700km) of highway across the country.

美国交通部批准了在全国50个州发展电动汽车基础设施的计划，并在全国修建覆盖75000英里(120,700公里)高速公路的充电站网络。

Meanwhile Hertz struck a deal with BP’s EV charging business to build a network of stations for its rental¹⁸ cars.

与此同时，赫兹与英国石油公司达成电动汽车充电协议，为其租赁汽车建立一个充电站网络。

Hertz is aiming for 25% of its fleet to be electric by the end of 2024.

赫兹的目标是到2024年底，该公司的车队25%为电动汽车。

1 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

2 exchequer   

n.财政部；国库

参考例句：

• In Britain the Chancellor of the Exchequer deals with taxes and government spending.英国的财政大臣负责税务和政府的开支。
• This resulted in a considerable loss to the exchequer.这使国库遭受了重大损失。

3 payroll   

n.工资表，在职人员名单，工薪总额

参考例句：

• His yearly payroll is $1.2 million.他的年薪是120万美元。
• I can't wait to get my payroll check.我真等不及拿到我的工资单了。

4 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

5 perturbed   

adj.烦燥不安的v.使（某人）烦恼，不安( perturb的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• I am deeply perturbed by the alarming way the situation developing. 我对形势令人忧虑的发展深感不安。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Mother was much perturbed by my illness. 母亲为我的病甚感烦恼不安。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

6 assessment   

n.评价；评估；对财产的估价，被估定的金额

参考例句：

• This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
• What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何？

7 treasury   

n.宝库；国库，金库；文库

参考例句：

• The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
• This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。

8 reassure   

v.使放心，使消除疑虑

参考例句：

• This seemed to reassure him and he continued more confidently.这似乎使他放心一点，于是他更有信心地继续说了下去。
• The airline tried to reassure the customers that the planes were safe.航空公司尽力让乘客相信飞机是安全的。

9 fiscal   

adj.财政的，会计的，国库的，国库岁入的

参考例句：

• The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
• The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。

10 briefly   

adv.简单地，简短地

参考例句：

• I want to touch briefly on another aspect of the problem.我想简单地谈一下这个问题的另一方面。
• He was kidnapped and briefly detained by a terrorist group.他被一个恐怖组织绑架并短暂拘禁。

11 uncertainty   

n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物

参考例句：

• Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
• After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后，压力开始产生影响了。

12 rout   

n.溃退，溃败；v.击溃，打垮

参考例句：

• The enemy was put to rout all along the line.敌人已全线崩溃。
• The people's army put all to rout wherever they went.人民军队所向披靡。

13 gilts   

n.镀金[银]材料，金[银]色涂层( gilt的名词复数 )；高度可靠的证券，金边证券；除去诱人的外表；让人扫兴

参考例句：

• They planned to have the gilts farrow down about the end of this month. 他们计划让母猪约在本月底下仔。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• As bank base rates rise, the price of gilts falls. 如果银行基本利率上升，国债的价格就下跌。 来自互联网

14 sterling   

adj.英币的(纯粹的，货真价实的)；n.英国货币(英镑)

参考例句：

• Could you tell me the current rate for sterling, please?能否请您告诉我现行英国货币的兑换率？
• Sterling has recently been strong,which will help to abate inflationary pressures.英国货币最近非常坚挺，这有助于减轻通胀压力。

15 yen   

n. 日元；热望

参考例句：

• He wanted to convert his dollars into Japanese yen.他想将美元换成日币。
• He has a yen to be alone in a boat.他渴望独自呆在一条船上。

16 interventions   

n.介入，干涉，干预( intervention的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Economic analysis of government interventions deserves detailed discussion. 政府对经济的干预应该给予充分的论述。 来自辞典例句
• The judge's frequent interventions made a mockery of justice. 法官的屡屡干预是对正义的践踏。 来自互联网

17 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

18 rental   

n.租赁，出租，出租业

参考例句：

• The yearly rental of her house is 2400 yuan.她这房子年租金是2400元。
• We can organise car rental from Chicago O'Hare Airport.我们可以安排提供从芝加哥奥黑尔机场出发的租车服务。