2022年经济学人 印度尼西亚的伊玛目为环保做出贡献(2)

The Indonesian Ulema Council (mui), the top body of religious scholars, is also involved.

宗教学者的最高机构“印尼伊斯兰教法学者理事会”（MUI）也参与其中。

Over the past decade it has issued a series of fatwas, or non-binding legal opinions, to promote green causes.

在过去的十年里，它发布了一系列的“法特瓦”，即不具约束力的法律意见，以推动印尼的绿色发展。

In 2011 it declared environmentally destructive mining operations forbidden under Islamic law.

2011年，MUI宣布根据伊斯兰法律禁止破坏环境的采矿作业。

Three years later it banned the killing¹ of endangered species.

三年后，它宣布禁止捕杀濒危物种。

In 2016 it condemned² slash-and-burn farming practices as haram (proscribed by Islamic law).

2016年，它谴责刀耕火种的农业做法是“非法的”(即被伊斯兰法律禁止)。

Indonesia is officially a secular³ country.

印尼在官方来说是一个世俗国家。

But its clerics wield⁴ serious clout⁵.

但它的神职人员依旧拥有很大的影响力。

A survey in 2020 by Katadata Insight Centre, a local research firm, found that Indonesians place the highest level of trust in information from religious institutions.

印尼当地的研究公司Katadata Insight Centre在2020年的一项调查发现，印尼人认为宗教机构提供的信息可信度最高。

Imams have sought to convert that trust into political power.

伊玛目试图将这种信任转化为政治权力。

Ma’ruf Amin, Indonesia’s vice-president, was personally involved in drafting and defending the environmental fatwas as an mui leader.

印尼副总统马鲁夫·阿敏作为MUI的领导人，亲自参与了环境相关的法特瓦的起草，并捍卫这些法律意见。

He still gives green sermons from his political perch⁶.

他仍然站在自己的政治立场上发表绿色布道。

Indonesia’s pesantrens, or Islamic boarding schools, have become testing grounds for what some call the eco-Islam movement.

印度尼西亚的“帕萨特雷”，即伊斯兰寄宿学校，已经成为一些人所说的“生态伊斯兰运动”的试验场。

Around 4m pupils study in these schools.

大约有400万学生在伊斯兰寄宿学校学习。

Alumni often go on to lead important religious and political institutions.

这些学校的学生毕业后通常会领导重要的宗教和政治机构。

At Darul Ulum, a pesantren in Java, teachers tell stories of the Prophet Muhammad planting trees and protecting wildlife.

在爪哇的达鲁乌伦寄宿学校，老师们讲述先知穆罕默德植树和保护野生动物的故事。

Students must plant a tree (among other things) to graduate.

学生必须种一棵树（并且满足其它要求）才能毕业。

Clerics have also been active in finance.

神职人员也一直活跃在金融领域。

They helped design Indonesia’s “green sukuk”, or green bonds.

他们设计了印尼的“绿色伊斯兰债券”。

To comply with sharia prohibitions⁷ on usury⁸, these instruments involve direct ownership of assets rather than interest-bearing debt.

为了遵守伊斯兰教法对高利贷的禁令，这些债券涉及资产直接所有权的交接，而不是有息债券。

Since 2018 Indonesia has issued nearly $3bn of these Islamic bonds, which fund renewable-energy and climate-adaptation projects.

自2018年以来，印尼已经发行了近30亿美元的此类伊斯兰债券，为可再生能源和气候适应项目提供资金。

Indonesia is the world’s fifth-largest carbon emitter, and its economy depends on exporting coal and palm oil, two highly polluting industries.

印尼是世界第五大碳排放国，其经济依赖煤炭和棕榈油这两个高污染行业的产品出口。

The country’s transition to a clean economy will be long and difficult.

该国向清洁经济的转型将是漫长而艰难的。

Its imams are keen to help accelerate that shift.

该国的伊玛目热衷于助力加快这一转变。

1 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

2 condemned   

adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He condemned the hypocrisy of those politicians who do one thing and say another. 他谴责了那些说一套做一套的政客的虚伪。
• The policy has been condemned as a regressive step. 这项政策被认为是一种倒退而受到谴责。

3 secular   

n.牧师，凡人；adj.世俗的，现世的，不朽的

参考例句：

• We live in an increasingly secular society.我们生活在一个日益非宗教的社会。
• Britain is a plural society in which the secular predominates.英国是个世俗主导的多元社会。

4 wield   

vt.行使，运用，支配；挥，使用(武器等)

参考例句：

• They wield enormous political power.他们行使巨大的政治权力。
• People may wield the power in a democracy.在民主国家里，人民可以行使权力。

5 clout   

n.用手猛击；权力，影响力

参考例句：

• The queen may have privilege but she has no real political clout.女王有特权，但无真正的政治影响力。
• He gave the little boy a clout on the head.他在那小男孩的头部打了一下。

6 perch   

n.栖木，高位，杆；v.栖息，就位，位于

参考例句：

• The bird took its perch.鸟停歇在栖木上。
• Little birds perch themselves on the branches.小鸟儿栖歇在树枝上。

7 prohibitions   

禁令，禁律( prohibition的名词复数 )； 禁酒； 禁例

参考例句：

• Nowadays NO PARKING is the most ubiquitous of prohibitions. 今天，“NO PARKING”（禁止停车），几乎成了到处可见的禁止用语了。
• Inappropriate, excessive or capricious administration of aversive stimulation has led to scandals, lawsuits and prohibitions. 不恰当的、过度的或随意滥用厌恶性刺激会引起人们的反感、控告与抵制。

8 usury   

n.高利贷

参考例句：

• The interest of usury is unfairly high.高利贷的利息惊人得高。
• He used to practise usury frequently.他过去经常放高利贷。