纪录片《大英博物馆世界简史》 034中国汉族漆杯(6)

The government nationalised some major industries, and it regulated major industries for quite a long time, so they were often run by private entrepreneurs, or people who had been private entrepreneurs, but under state control.

政府将一些主要行业国有化,在相当长的一段时间内对主要行业进行监管,这些通常是由民营企业家,或私营企业家一手掌控,但处于国家控制之下。

And again, if you like, there are modern parallels here, because what we've seen in the past three to four decades, is the emergence¹ of a hybrid² system in China; from an economy that was completely under state control on a socialist³ model and a planned economy model, to a more market-oriented model-connecting with the global economy but nevertheless very firmly under state direction.

再一次,如果你喜欢,在现代也有相似之处,因为我们已经看到在过去30至40年前,中国出现了一种混合经济体系;中国经济从完全国有转向了以市场为主导，政府严格监管的新型经济体制。

And if you look at where the capital gets invested, and what the structure of ownership is of Chinese industry, it is still largely state-controlled.

而如果你研究一下中国资产的投资方向或是工业的所有权结构，就会发现中国工业仍是以国有为主的。

So, exploring this lacquer cup of two thousand years ago, takes us into territory that turns out to be disconcertingly familiar-private enterprise under Chinese state control, cutting-edge mass production allied⁴ to high technology, deft⁵ management of relations between the Chinese capital and North Korea, and the skilful⁶ deployment⁷ of diplomatic gifts.

因此，探索这只2千年前的漆杯能让我们更加了解现代中国：政府管控下的私人企业、尖端科技产品的大量生产、与朝鲜的亲密关系以及外交礼品的巧妙运用。

The Chinese still know that the best gifts are always the ones that only the giver can command.

中国人仍然清楚，最珍贵的礼物是别人无法送出的礼物。

In the time of the Han Dynasty, that was silk and lacquer cups.

在汉朝，这样的礼物是丝绸与漆器。

Today, when China wants to establish friendly relations, it still gives the present that nobody else can match-it's known as Panda Diplomacy⁸.

而今天，中国在建立与别国的亲密关系时同样能送出独一无二的礼物，我们称之为熊猫外交。

1 emergence   

n.浮现，显现，出现，（植物）突出体

参考例句：

• The last decade saw the emergence of a dynamic economy.最近10年见证了经济增长的姿态。
• Language emerges and develops with the emergence and development of society.语言是随着社会的产生而产生，随着社会的发展而发展的。

2 hybrid   

n.(动，植）杂种，混合物

参考例句：

• That is a hybrid perpetual rose.那是一株杂交的四季开花的蔷薇。
• The hybrid was tall,handsome,and intelligent.那混血儿高大、英俊、又聪明。

3 socialist   

n.社会主义者；adj.社会主义的

参考例句：

• China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。
• His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。

4 allied   

adj.协约国的；同盟国的

参考例句：

• Britain was allied with the United States many times in history.历史上英国曾多次与美国结盟。
• Allied forces sustained heavy losses in the first few weeks of the campaign.同盟国在最初几周内遭受了巨大的损失。

5 deft   

adj.灵巧的，熟练的（a deft hand 能手）

参考例句：

• The pianist has deft fingers.钢琴家有灵巧的双手。
• This bird,sharp of eye and deft of beak,can accurately peck the flying insects in the air.这只鸟眼疾嘴快，能准确地把空中的飞虫啄住。

6 skilful   

(=skillful)adj.灵巧的，熟练的

参考例句：

• The more you practise,the more skilful you'll become.练习的次数越多，熟练的程度越高。
• He's not very skilful with his chopsticks.他用筷子不大熟练。

7 deployment   

n. 部署,展开

参考例句：

• He has inquired out the deployment of the enemy troops. 他已查出敌军的兵力部署情况。
• Quality function deployment (QFD) is a widely used customer-driven quality, design and manufacturing management tool. 质量功能展开(quality function deployment,QFD)是一个广泛应用的顾客需求驱动的设计、制造和质量管理工具。

8 diplomacy   

n.外交；外交手腕，交际手腕

参考例句：

• The talks have now gone into a stage of quiet diplomacy.会谈现在已经进入了“温和外交”阶段。
• This was done through the skill in diplomacy. 这是通过外交手腕才做到的。