纪录片《大英博物馆世界简史》 036耶路撒冷沃伦杯(2)

"What you have on this cup are two different varieties of a homosexual act. On the front you've got an older man, and we know he's older because he's got a beard. Sitting astride him is a very handsome young man, it's all very vigorous and virile¹. This is kind of 'camera virite' if you like, I mean it's very realistic-this isn't an idealised view of homosexuality. What's quite interesting, if you go around the back, is here you've got something which is more a kind of standard portrayal² of homosexuality; two very beautiful young men-we know that they're young because they've got locks of hair hanging down their backs-one is lying on his back, and the slightly older man is looking away. It's a lot more kind of lyrical, a rather idealised view of what homosexuality was."

银杯上刻画了两种不同的同性性爱。正面是一位有胡子的成年男性，身上跨坐着一位英俊少年。性爱的动作被刻画得阳刚有力，也十分逼真，但这并非理想化的同性性爱场景。不过如果你转到背面，便会看到一场更为标准的同性性爱。人物是两个英俊的青年男子：垂到背上的发缕表明他们还十分年轻。一人侧躺着，年纪稍大的那位则看向另一边。这是更抒情、更理想化的同性性爱场面。

Although the homosexual scenes on the cup are ones that today strike us as explicit-some might say shocking and taboo-homosexuality was very much part of Roman life. But it was a complicated part, tolerated but not entirely³ accepted. The standard Roman line on what was acceptable in same-sex coupling is neatly⁴ summarised by the Roman playwright⁵ Plautus in his comedy 'Curculio':

尽管杯子上的场景在今天看来过于露骨，甚至有些惊世骇俗，触犯了社会禁忌，但在当时的罗马却是十分平常。不过这里的情况有些复杂，社会虽能容忍，但并非人人都能接受。罗马剧作家普劳图斯的喜剧《象鼻虫》中有一段话，大致能概括当时罗马人对同性恋的态度：

"Love whatever you wish, as long as you stay away from married women, widows, virgins⁶, young men and free boys."

“想爱谁就爱谁，只要不是已婚妇女、寡妇、处女、年轻男性和自由民男孩。”

So if you wanted to show sex between men and youths who weren't slaves, it made sense to look back to the age of Classical Greece, where it was normal for older men to teach younger free-born boys about life in general, in a mentoring⁷ relationship that included sex.

因此，如果你想要表现成年男性和非奴隶少年之间的性爱，把场景设置到古希腊时期会是个合适的选择，在古希腊，由成年男子教导少年如何生活是十分普遍的事，那是一种包含性行为在内的师生关系。

1 virile   

adj.男性的；有男性生殖力的；有男子气概的；强有力的

参考例句：

• She loved the virile young swimmer.她爱上了那个有男子气概的年轻游泳运动员。
• He wanted his sons to become strong,virile,and athletic like himself.他希望他的儿子们能长得像他一样强壮、阳刚而又健美。

2 portrayal   

n.饰演；描画

参考例句：

• His novel is a vivid portrayal of life in a mining community.他的小说生动地描绘了矿区的生活。
• The portrayal of the characters in the novel is lifelike.该书中的人物写得有血有肉。

3 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

4 neatly   

adv.整洁地，干净地，灵巧地，熟练地

参考例句：

• Sailors know how to wind up a long rope neatly.水手们知道怎样把一条大绳利落地缠好。
• The child's dress is neatly gathered at the neck.那孩子的衣服在领口处打着整齐的皱褶。

5 playwright   

n.剧作家，编写剧本的人

参考例句：

• Gwyn Thomas was a famous playwright.格温·托马斯是著名的剧作家。
• The playwright was slaughtered by the press.这位剧作家受到新闻界的无情批判。

6 virgins   

处女，童男( virgin的名词复数 )； 童贞玛利亚（耶稣之母）

参考例句：

• They were both virgins when they met and married. 他们从相识到结婚前都未曾经历男女之事。
• Men want virgins as concubines. 人家买姨太太的要整货。 来自汉英文学 - 骆驼祥子

7 mentoring   

n.mentoring是一种工作关系。mentor通常是处在比mentee更高工作职位上的有影响力的人。他/她有比‘mentee’更丰富的工作经验和知识，并用心支持mentee的职业（发展）。v.（无经验之人的）有经验可信赖的顾问( mentor的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• One of the most effective instruments for coaching and mentoring is the "role rehearsal" . 辅导和教学的最有效的手段之一是“角色排练。” 来自辞典例句
• Bell Canada called their mentoring system a buddy-buddy system. 加拿大贝尔公司称他们的训导系统是伙伴—伙伴系统。 来自互联网