纪录片《大英博物馆世界简史》 041无量寿佛坐像(3)

From the 1850s onwards it was in Gandhara that vast numbers of Buddhist¹ shrines² and sculptures were discovered and investigated, in fact more Buddhist sculpture and architecture comes from Gandhara than from any other part of ancient India.

自十九世纪五十年代以来，考古学家在犍陀罗地区发现了大量的佛教圣地及雕像，数量比在其他古印度地区发现的总量还多。

And here, in the British Museum, we have a Buddha³ sculpture that perfectly⁴ matches the pose of the one in Battersea Park.

大英博物馆中就收藏着这样一尊与巴特西公园中一模一样的佛像。

But this one isn't gold-it's carved from grey schist, a rock that contains fragments of crystal which make the stone glint and gleam in the light.

但此尊却并非真金。它是由灰色页岩打造，这是一种内部含有结晶碎片的岩石，它在光照下光芒闪烁。

The Buddha's hands and face are more-or-less life-size, but the body is smaller, and he sits cross-legged in the lotus position with his hands raised in front of him.

佛像头与手的大小与真人类似，但身体较小。他盘腿呈莲花坐，手置于胸前。

On both shoulders he wears an over-robe, and the folds of the drapery form thick rounded ridges⁵ and terraces.

他的双肩皆披袈裟，身上有表现袈裟褶皱厚重深刻的衣纹。

This drapery hides most of his feet, except for a couple of the toes on the upturned right foot, which you can just see.

脚大部分隐藏在衣服之中，只露出脚心朝上的右脚的几个脚趾，你可以在这里看得一清二楚。

He looks serenely⁶ into the distance, his eyelids⁷ lowered.

他眼帘低垂，安详地注视着远方。

And his hair is gathered up into what seems to be a bun, but which is in fact a symbol of the Buddha's wisdom and enlightened state.

而他的头发整体向上竖起，顶端似有发髻，但其实那是佛陀智慧的象征。

Rising from the top of his shoulders, surrounding his head, is what looks like a large grey dinner-plate-but of course is, in fact, his halo.

而他的双肩往上至后头后的圆盘状物体是他的光环。

This virtually life-sized and lifelike figure must have been a startling sight for any Buddhist 1,800 years ago.

在1800年前，这样的一尊雕像必定会令佛教徒心生恭敬。

Until shortly before then, the Buddha had been represented only by sets of symbols-the tree under which he achieved enlightenment, a pair of footprints, and so on.

在那之前，教徒们一直用一些象征物来代表佛陀，如他开悟时的菩提树、一双脚印等等。

To give him human form was entirely⁸ new.

这是他首次拥有人类的相貌。

The move towards representing Buddha as a man is described by the historian Claudine Bautze-Pichron:

在布鲁塞尔自由大学教授印度艺术史的历史学家克劳汀波兹匹克隆解释道。

1 Buddhist   

adj./n.佛教的，佛教徒

参考例句：

• The old lady fell down in adoration before Buddhist images.那老太太在佛像面前顶礼膜拜。
• In the eye of the Buddhist,every worldly affair is vain.在佛教徒的眼里，人世上一切事情都是空的。

2 shrines   

圣地，圣坛，神圣场所( shrine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• All three structures dated to the third century and were tentatively identified as shrines. 这3座建筑都建于3 世纪，并且初步鉴定为神庙。
• Their palaces and their shrines are tombs. 它们的宫殿和神殿成了墓穴。

3 Buddha   

n.佛；佛像；佛陀

参考例句：

• Several women knelt down before the statue of Buddha and prayed.几个妇女跪在佛像前祈祷。
• He has kept the figure of Buddha for luck.为了图吉利他一直保存着这尊佛像。

4 perfectly   

adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
• Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。

5 ridges   

n.脊( ridge的名词复数 )；山脊；脊状突起；大气层的)高压脊

参考例句：

• The path winds along mountain ridges. 峰回路转。
• Perhaps that was the deepest truth in Ridges's nature. 在里奇斯的思想上，这大概可以算是天经地义第一条了。

6 serenely   

adv.安详地，宁静地，平静地

参考例句：

• The boat sailed serenely on towards the horizon.小船平稳地向着天水交接处驶去。
• It was a serenely beautiful night.那是一个宁静美丽的夜晚。

7 eyelids   

n.眼睑( eyelid的名词复数 )；眼睛也不眨一下；不露声色；面不改色

参考例句：

• She was so tired, her eyelids were beginning to droop. 她太疲倦了，眼睑开始往下垂。
• Her eyelids drooped as if she were on the verge of sleep. 她眼睑低垂好像快要睡着的样子。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。