零距离美语会话[文化风俗差异]Lesson 3:Have you wrapped your Christmas pres

Three    Have you wrapped your Christmas presents?
你的圣诞礼物包好了吗？

 1   Introduction  
A   Whereas¹ the most important holiday in China is Spring Festival (also known as the Chinese New Year), America’s most popular holiday is Christmas.  As Chinese kids get “lucky money” from their parents and relatives, American children get Christmas presents from Santa Claus.
如中国最重要的节日是春节（也叫过年）一样，美国最大众的节日就是圣诞节。中国小孩是父母和亲戚给“压岁钱”，美国小孩是从圣诞老人那里得到圣诞礼物。

B   From early November until January, American homes and stores are decorated with Christmas trees and colorful lights.  Similarly, Chinese homes are decorated with Spring Festival couplets and streets are full of red lanterns.
从十一月初到一月份，美国的房屋、商店都布置了圣诞树和彩灯。相仿地，中国的房子也被春联装饰着，街上挂满了灯笼。

C   Easter was borrowed from the Pagan Festival celebrating the rebirth of the sun.  It was adapted by Christianity to be interpreted³ as the resurrection of Jesus.  One American tradition associated with Easter is the Easter egg hunt.  Brightly colored eggs are hidden for children to try to find.  Sometimes hidden amongst the other eggs is what we call “a lucky egg”.  If you find the lucky egg, you win a prize.
复活节是借用了异教徒节庆祝太阳的复活。后被基督教采用诠释为耶稣的复活。美国的复活节有一个传统，那就是寻找复活节彩蛋。色彩鲜艳的彩蛋被藏起来让小孩子们去找。有时候被藏在其它蛋中间的那个就是我们所说的“幸运蛋”。如果你找到这个幸运蛋，奖品就是你赢了。

D   Sending cards for special occasions--- such as Christmas, New Year, Mother’s Day, and birthdays – has been an American tradition.  But sending cards is less common than before since computers have become so popular.
在特殊的场合寄送卡片——比如圣诞节，新年，母亲节以及生日——已经成了美国的一种传统。但是由于电脑受到如此亲睐，寄送卡片也没有以前那么普遍了。

 2   Sample Sentences
1. Christmas is just around the corner.  
   圣诞节就要到了。
2. I can’t wait to see my father.
我只想立即见我的父亲。
3. We are expected for Christmas.  
我们在盼着圣诞节的到来。
4. This year my mother will cook a twenty-five pound turkey.
今年我妈妈会烹饪一个二十五磅的火鸡。
5. Is everyone still coming to Christmas dinner at your apartment this year?
今年每个人还是会来你家吃圣诞大餐吗？
6. When will we have the Easter egg hunt?
我们什么时候开始找复活节彩蛋？
7. Who is going to play the Easter Bunny this year? 
今年谁扮演复活节小兔子？
8. Are you coming to the New Year’s Eve party this year? 
今年你会来参加除夕晚会吗？
9. What time is the hanging of the green at church?
教堂什么时候开始为圣诞节装饰？
10. Have you put up your Christmas lights in front of the yard yet? 
你有没有把圣诞彩灯挂在后院门口？

 3   Conversations
1.  Lo Fen⁴, a Chinese agronomist1, is staying with the Helms family in Iowa. It's Christmas Eve.
Lo Fen:  Your tree looks beautiful.  Do you decorate it this way every year? 
Mrs. Helms:  Yes, it's a family tradition dating back to2 my childhood.  We use the same lights and ornaments3, but of course we have a new tree each year.
(She hands her a delicate glass ball.)
Mrs. Helms:  The children made some of these decorations.  Here, you can hang this on one of those high branches.
(Lo stands on a ladder to reach the upper limbs⁶.)
Mr. Helms:  Well, everything seems to be just about ready.  Now all we need is snow. 
Lo Fen:  Do you exchange the presents in the morning? 
Mrs. Helms:  Oh, yes.  The kids are too excited to wait.  After we clean up4 the mess--all the empty boxes and the wrapping paper5 -- we have a big breakfast.  Then the kids have the whole day to play with their new toys.
Mr. Helms:  And we'll have agreat turkey dinner at around four o'clock.  My brother and his family will be joining us. 
Lo Fen:  I look forward to meeting them.  Well, it's late, so I'll say good night.  I'll see you early tomorrow, so I can share your Christmas morning. 
Mr. Helms:  Good night! 

 

【译文】
——你们的树看起来好漂亮。你们每年都这么布置吗？
——是的。记得从我孩提时候开始这就是家里的传统了。我们用一样的灯泡和装饰品；当然，我们每年都用一棵新树。（她递给她一个精巧的玻璃球。）
——这些装饰中有一部分是孩子们弄的。给，你可以把这个吊在一根高枝上。（Lo站在梯子上，伸手去够高一点的大树枝。）
——似乎一切都准备就绪了。现在我们都希望的是下一场雪了。
——你们在早上交换礼物吗？
——是的。孩子们兴奋得迫不及待。我们把杂物打扫完——所有这些空盒子和包装纸之后，我们就会吃团圆早餐。然后，孩子们会有一整天的时间玩他们的新玩具。
——我们会在四点钟左右吃火鸡。我兄弟和他的家人也会来和我们共餐。
——我很希望见到他们。好了，太晚了，我要说再见了。明天我会一大早来看你们，那样我就可以和你们分享圣诞早晨了。
——晚安！

2.  Christian²’s Holiday.
Stewart:  Merry Christmas!
Mary:  Huh?
Stewart:  I said Merry Christmas!  Don't you know that Christmas is almost here?
Mary:  It is?  Oh, that's nice. 
Stewart:  Huh?  Didn't you know?  Aren't you excited?
Mary:  Actually, I'd forgotten about it. 
Stewart:  Forgotten about it?  How could you?
Mary:  Because I'm not Christian6, I'm Jewish7. 
Stewart:  Oh, I'm sorry.  I didn't know. 
Mary:  It's all right. There are so many Christians⁷ in America that everybody takes it for granted that I'm Christian.
Stewart:  I guess so.  So what do you do around this time of year?
Mary:  Well, I'll celebrate Hanukah soon, but that's not as important to us as Christmas is to you. Mainly I'll just enjoy the holiday break.
Stewart:  Well, would you be horribly offended8 if I invited you to a Christmas party at my house? 
Mary:  Not at all.  A party is a party.  I'll be happy to come.

Helpful Information： 
Christmas is an adaptation of the Pagan feast⁸ of Yule.  Originally celebrated⁹ by the Celtics of old Britain.  Christianity borrowed the idea and changed it to represent the supposed birthday of Jesus.  Few people actually know what the true origin of the holiday is.  Most people wrongly assume that Christmas has a complete Christian origin when it actually originated¹⁰ as a Pagan Holiday.

圣诞节是按照非异教徒犹太人的盛宴改换过来的。最初是由古老英国的凯尔特人庆祝。基督教借用了这个想法，并把它改为象征耶稣的出生日。很少有人真正知道这个假日的真正由来。大部分人错误地认为圣诞节完完全全来自于基督教，而它实际上却起源于一个非异教徒的节日。

【译文】
——圣诞快乐！
—— 嗯？
——我说圣诞快乐！难道你不知道圣诞节快到了吗？
——是吗？哦，太好了。
——嗯？你难道不知道？难道你不兴奋？
——我真的忘记了。
——忘记了？你怎能忘记了？
——因为我不是基督教徒，我是犹太人。
——哦，对不起，我不知道。
——没关系。美国有这么多的基督教徒以致人人都认为我也是一个基督教徒。
——我想是这样。那么每年这个时候你都在做什么？
——唔，不久我要庆祝光明节，但是光明节对我们来说没有圣诞节对你们那样重要。我主要是好好享受这段假期。
——唔，如果我邀请你来我家参加圣诞聚会，你会很生气吗？
——一点也不。聚会是聚会。我会很高兴来参加。

3.  Truth about Santa Claus.
Eddie:  So how's everything going for Christmas?
Jill:  I've got all the presents I need, and my family is working together to get all the food ready.  That's easy; but I have another problem to deal with.
Eddie:  What's that?  Don't tell me you've still got Christmas cards to write; it usually takes my wife a month to write all of ours.
Jill:  No, I did that a long time ago.  It's about telling my son the truth about Santa Claus.
Eddie:  He still doesn't know that Santa isn't real?  How old is he, eight?
Jill:  Yes.  He's never said anything so I never told him.  But now that he's getting older…
Eddie:  You think it's better that he should be told?
Jill:  Yes, he's too old to believe in that type of things.  And I'd rather tell him before the kids at school do.
Eddie:  That happened to my oldest girl.  She became really upset when her classmates told her Santa wasn't real.
Jill:  I can understand.  I was lucky with my oldest; she figured it out by herself and didn't tell my son. 
Eddie:  Well, when you tell him, be gentle.  It's hard for kids to findout something like that. 

 

Helpful Information：
When American kids get into their teens, they begin to find out that Santa Claus doesn’t really exist. Some smarter kids even know that before then. They feel it’s nothing but a joke.  Of course, some are devastated¹¹ when they find it out. But most realize that the character “Santa Claus” is really a fictional¹² character presented in a light-hearted way for the enjoyment¹³ of children.  It doesn’t matter he’s real or not, the legend will remain.  
当美国小孩子进入十几岁以后，他们开始得知圣诞老人并不是真正地存在。一些聪明一些的小孩甚至在这之前就知道了。他们觉得这只不过是个笑话。当然一些人当他们知道此事时很伤心。但是大部分人意识到圣诞老人这个人物确实是虚构的角色，一个以轻松自在的方式给孩子们带来乐趣的角色。他是真与否，都无关紧要，传说还是会流传下去。

【译文】
——圣诞节准备得怎么样了？
——要的礼物我都准备好了，而且我们全家正在一起准备食物。那很容易，但我还有一个难题要处理。
——什么事？不要告诉我你还有许多圣诞卡要写；我妻子通常花一个月的时间写好我们所有的圣诞卡。
——不是，圣诞卡我早就写完了。难题是怎样告诉我儿子有关圣诞老人的实情。
——他还不知道圣诞老人不是真的？他多大，八岁？
——是的，他从未说过什么，因此我也从未告诉过他。但现在他越来越大了……
——你认为他应该知道实情比较好吗？
——是的，他太大了，不应该相信那种事情。而且我宁愿在学校的孩子们告诉他以前告诉他。
—— 以前我的大女儿也是这样。当她的同学告诉她圣诞老人不是真的时候，她变得很伤心。
——我能理解。我幸运我的大女儿没有这种麻烦，她自己猜出圣诞老人是假的，但没有告诉我儿子。
——唔，那你告诉他时，温和一点。对小孩来说，得知那样的事是很难承受的。

4.  Taking down the Christmas tree.
Gary:  Ok, honey, time to take down the Christmas tree.
Martha:  Do we have to? 
Gary:  Come on, it's losing needles all the time and the branches are sagging9. 
Martha: It's not that bad; besides it really looks nice in that corner.  It gives the room a good atmosphere10.
Gary:  A good atmosphere?  The tree is falling apart, and it's messing up the room. 
Martha:  But it makes the place feel so much like Christmas.  I'd really hate to have to take it down. 
Gary:  But Christmas was two weeks ago!  It's been there only because we've been too busy to get rid of it.
Martha:  I know, but it seems like such a shame to have to take it away.
Gary:  But it's falling apart, and the cat keeps playing with the lower branches.
Martha: I know, I know.  But it reminds me of the great Christmas we just had.  All of us were here -- my parents, your parents, the kids, and the cousins -- the food was good, and everybody got what they wanted. 
Gary:  Yeah, it was a good Christmas.  It won't always be this good, but we can't make it last longer than it should. 
Martha:  Ok, fine.  We need to take down the tree.
Gary:  I'll make a deal with11 you.  We'll leave it up until Sunday, and then we'll take it down after church.
Martha:  Ok, good.

Additional Information：
Gifts are placed under the tree from the time the trees are put up until the gifts are opened on Christmas morning.  Parents are always excited to see the cheerful faces of their children at the moment they open their gifts.  It’s also an American custom to leave the tree up until after the New Year.  Some people feel the saddest thing about Christmas is taking down the Christmas tree.
一旦圣诞树摆好，礼物就被放在树下面直到圣诞节早上礼物被拆开。父母亲总是很兴奋地看到他们的孩子拆开他们的礼物时欢快的表情。再者，将圣诞树一直摆到新年是美国的习俗。一些人觉得关于圣诞节最伤心的事是把圣诞树拆卸开来。

【译文】
——行了，亲爱的，该拿走圣诞树上的东西了。
——必须拿下吗？
——快点，它总是往下掉松针，而且树枝已下垂。
——没那么糟糕；况且放在那个角落里看上去确实很好。它使房间有个好气氛。
——好气氛？圣诞树都七零八落了，还使房间里乱糟糟的。
——但它使这里感觉像过圣诞节一样。我实在不愿拿下它。
——但是圣诞节已经过去两个星期了。它还留在那是因为我们一直太忙，没有时间清理它。
——我知道，但是拿走它似乎是个遗憾。
——但是它正变得七零八落，猫还总是玩弄下面的树枝。
——我知道，我知道。但它使我想起了我们刚刚度过的快乐的圣诞节。所有的人都在――我的父母，你的父母，孩子们和堂兄弟姐妹们――食物很好，并且每个人都得到了所想要的。
——是的，是一个愉快的圣诞节。它不会总是这样好，但我们不能使它持续太长的时间。
——是，行。我们需要拿走圣诞树。
——我向你说定了。我们将把它保留至星期天，做完礼拜后再拿下它。
——行，好吧。

 4  Words and Expressions
1. agronomist⁵ 农(艺)学家
2. date back to  属于,始于某时期
3. ornament  装饰品
4. clean up 打扫;整理，清理
5. wrapping paper 包装纸 
6. Christian 基督教的，基督教徒
7. Jewish  犹太人的，犹太教的
8. offend 冒犯;触怒;伤害...的感情
9. sag  松弛, 下陷, (物价)下跌, 漂流
10. atmosphere 大气，气氛
11. make a deal with  与...做生意, 和...妥协

1 whereas   

conj.而，却，反之

参考例句：

• They want a house,whereas we would rather live in a flat.他们想要一座房子，而我们宁愿住在一套房间里。
• Some praise him,whereas others condemn him.有些人赞扬他，而有些人谴责他。

2 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

3 interpreted   

v.解释( interpret的过去式和过去分词 )；理解；把…理解为；演绎（按自己的感觉演奏音乐或表现角色）

参考例句：

• He quickly interpreted to us what the Russian was saying. 他很快把那个俄国人所说的话翻译给我们听。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The figure of the Ancient Mariner has been variously interpreted. 对于《古舟子咏》中的人物，一直有着各种各样的理解。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 fen   

n.沼泽，沼池

参考例句：

• The willows over all the fen rippled and whitened like a field of wheat.沼泽上的柳树，随风一起一伏，泛出白光，就象一片麦田一样。
• There is a fen around each island.每个岛屿周围有一个沼泽。

5 agronomist   

n.农学家

参考例句：

• The agronomist suggested growing rice on the dried river bed.那位农学家建议在干涸的河床上种水稻。
• She has elected to become an agronomist.她决心做一个农学家。

6 limbs   

肢( limb的名词复数 )； 大树枝； 肢体

参考例句：

• For a while, she lost the use of her limbs. 好一会儿她四肢都动弹不得。
• The prisoner's limbs flailed violently because of the pain. 那囚犯因为疼痛，四肢剧烈地抖动着。

7 Christians   

n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Christians of all denominations attended the conference. 基督教所有教派的人都出席了这次会议。
• His novel about Jesus caused a furore among Christians. 他关于耶稣的小说激起了基督教徒的公愤。

8 feast   

n.盛宴，筵席，节日

参考例句：

• After the feast she spent a week dieting to salve her conscience.大吃了一顿之后，她花了一周时间节食以安慰自己。
• You shouldn't have troubled yourself to prepare such a feast!你不该准备这样丰盛的饭菜，这样太麻烦你了！

9 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。

10 originated   

v.起源于，来自，产生( originate的过去式和过去分词 )；创造；创始；开创

参考例句：

• The disease is thought to have originated in the tropics. 这种疾病据说起源于热带地区。
• The art of portrait miniatures was originated in England. 微型画像艺术创始于英国。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 devastated   

v.彻底破坏( devastate的过去式和过去分词)；摧毁；毁灭；在感情上（精神上、财务上等）压垮adj.毁坏的；极为震惊的

参考例句：

• The bomb devastated much of the old part of the city. 这颗炸弹炸毁了旧城的一大片地方。
• His family is absolutely devastated. 他的一家感到极为震惊。

12 fictional   

adj.小说的，虚构的

参考例句：

• The names of the shops are entirely fictional.那些商店的名字完全是虚构的。
• The two authors represent the opposite poles of fictional genius.这两位作者代表了天才小说家两个极端。

13 enjoyment   

n.乐趣；享有；享用

参考例句：

• Your company adds to the enjoyment of our visit. 有您的陪同，我们这次访问更加愉快了。
• After each joke the old man cackled his enjoyment.每逢讲完一个笑话，这老人就呵呵笑着表示他的高兴。