英语听力教程第二版 第三册-2

Part Ⅰ Getting ready
Wild animals and wild plants and the wild places where they live are gravely threatened almost everywhere. One species has become extinct in each year of this century; but many hundreds are now on the brink¹. We can't afford to wait any more. It is time that we take action.

A  The following words will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.
   1. habitat: the natural home of a plant or animal
   2. species: a group of plants or animals of the same kind, which are alike in all important ways and can breed together
   3. bludgeon: hit with a heavy object
   4. census²: a count of a total population
   5. logistics: the planning and implementation³ of the details of any operation
   6. degrade: bring down
   7. adversely⁴: in the manner of going against, opposing
   8. refuge: a place that provides protection or shelter from danger
   9. aquatic⁵: living in or on water
  10. mussel: a small sea animal living inside a black shell whose soft body can be eaten as food (淡菜)

B  Listen to some abbreviations and acronyms⁶ of some organizations and some information about them. Fill in the blanks.
   1. IUCN- ______________, is the organization established by the ____________ to promote the conservation of and habitats as part of the national ________ of member states.
   2. CITES- ____________________________. is an international agreement under the auspices⁸ of the IUCN with the aim of regulating ________ in endangered species of __________________. The agreement came into force __________ and by 1991 had been signed by 110 states. It ___________ any trade in a category of ____________ highly endangered species and ___________ trade in a further ___________ species.
   3. UNEP- ______________________ , aims to provide __________ and encourage partnerships⁹ in caring for the _______ by inspiring information and enabling nations and people to improve their _________________ without compromising that of future generations.
   4. WWF- ________________________ is an international organization established _________________ to raise funds for conservation by public appeal. Projects include conservation of particular _________________, for example, the tiger and giant panda. In 1990, it had ______________. members in 28 countries and an annual income of over 100 million. Its headquarters are in Gland,___________.

   Biological diversity provides us with a variety of special "ecosystem¹⁰ services", such as clean water, a breathable atmosphere and natural climate control. However, many kinds of wild animals have been so reduced in number that their role in the ecosystem is negligible. Animals like the great apes, the whales, seals, and marine¹¹ turtles are under particular pressure.

C  Listen to the conversation. Match column A, which is a list of the names of some endangered animals, with column B, which gives the information about those endangered animals. Then answer the questions.
   Column A
   1. Whales
   2. Seals
   3. Turtles
   4. Crocodiles
   5. Walruses¹² (海象)
   6. Dolphins

   Column B
   __ bludgeoned to death for fur coats
   __ killed to make handbags and   shoes
   __ hunted for their ivory
   __ hunted to extinction¹³
   __ eggs rolled off and slaughtered¹⁴ for meat and oil

   Questions:
   1. What do people at the World Wildlife Fund work for according to the woman?
      ________________________________________________
      ________________________________________________
 
   2.  What are they doing in order to protect those endangered animals?
      ________________________________________________
      ________________________________________________

   3. Can you guess the meaning of "sea sanctuaries"?
      ________________________________________________
      ________________________________________________

Part Ⅱ  Christmas bird counts
Compared with one-quarter of the world's plants which are threatened with extinction by the year 2010, three-quarters of all bird species are declining or threatened with extinction. Many people feel that every time we lose a species, the world becomes a poorer place. What should we do?

A  Listen to a news report. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the notes column according to the following cues. While listening for the second time, supply the information.
   Event: Christmas bird counts Time: from Christmas to____

   Sponsored by: the National Audubon Society Participants:

   Numbers: _______________________________________________

   Background: from all 50 states of the U.S., every Canadian province, parts of Central and South America, Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands

   Number of bird counts this year: more than_________separate bird counts
 
  The logistics of bird counts: Each individual count is in___________________ circle around the exact center point.

   Origin of the National Audubon Society: It was named after _______________ John James Audubon, who illustrated¹⁵ birds in _____________________. The Society was founded in __________________ by conservationists concerned with the decline of birds.

B  Now try this: listen to a more authentic¹⁶ version of the report. Complete the summary of this year's Christmas bird counts.
   Christmas bird counts will ___________  from Christmas to January 3rd., ___________ by the National Audubon Society. This year more than 40 000 volunteers from the U.S., Canada, parts of Central and South America, Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands will be ___________________________. The counts are not only for _________________ but _______________________________ as well.
   This year more than 1 600 separate bird counts have been _______. Some would have as few as ______________________, others with _________. Every individual count is in a ___________ around the exact center point. Bird counters can get a good idea of ___________within the count circle based on __________ they actually see.
   The traditional Christmas bird count is ___________ in ornithology¹⁷.
 
Part Ⅲ   Dolphin captivity¹⁸
We have learned a great deal by observing the animals kept in the zoo. However, wildlife is wild. Do you think we are protecting them or making them suffer by keeping them in captivity?

A  The following words and phrase are used in the news interview. Listen to the words first. Study the definitions carefully.
   1. ire: anger
   2. instigate¹⁹: provoke to some action
   3. sonar: a method for finding and locating objects under water by means of the sound waves they reflect or produce
   4. bounce off: (sound or light) reach the surface and is reflected back
   5. marine: of, near or living in the sea
   6. breed: produce offspring
   7. metabolically²⁰: pertaining²¹ to what is needed to function
   8. alter: change
   9. stranded²²: left abandoned

B  Listen to the news interview. There are five persons in it. Match column A with column B to indicate who's who. Then write out the thesis statements they are arguing about.
   Column A
   1. AlanTu
   2. Peter Jones
   3. RickTroud
   4. Deborah Duffield
   5. Jean Michel Cousteau
 
   Column B
    1 an announcer for Colorado Public Radio (CPR)
   __ a former navy dolphin trainer
   __ a biology professor
   __ an environmentalist & explorer
   __ a reporter for CPR

   Thesis Statement No. 1: _________________________________

C  Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the interview. Write out each person's pros²³ (agree with the thesis) or cons⁷ (disagree with the thesis) for each thesis statement in note form.
  Dolphins should be kept in captivity 
         Pros                  Cons
   Rick Troud     -                  can't live full lives
                                         . separated from mother____
                                           _________________________
                                         . concrete tank- __________
                                           -can't swim more
   Jean Michel       -                   rejecting captivity-suicidal
   Cousteau                   -sophisticated brain
   Deborah     little difference in ____        -
   Duffield    _________________________  
  
   There are educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity  
               Pros             Cons
   Rick Troud         -             anti-educational
                              . ___________________
                                                     ___________________
                              . beating each other  
                                                     to death; _________
                                                     ___________________
   Deborah Duffield  playing an important role in        -
                     basic understanding of the
                     animals- ___________________       
       ____________________________
 
Part Ⅳ  More about the topic: Birds-A Source of Wealth
The vitality²⁴ of the Earth is reflected in the diversity of its inhabitants. The more successful we are at maintaining or improving the living conditions of the Earth's many residents, the better our chances will be of sustaining the quality of all species' lives on Earth.

A  Listen to what Mr. LeBaron says about the information concerning birds. Complete the outline.
   Outline
   Ⅰ. Total number of known species-about __________

   Ⅱ. ______________________________________
       A. larger numbers living in the
          e.g. more than ___________ counted in Panama
       B. far fewer species native to

   Ⅲ. Value
       A. importance to the environment
          1. indicator²⁵ of the quality of environment
          2. sensitive to ____________________
       B. ____________________________________
          1. getting pleasure out of looking at birds and listening to birds
          2. mental quality of life degraded without birds

   Ⅳ. _______________________________________
       A. some species-declining
       B. many types-increasing
 
B  Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the material.

Part Ⅴ   Do you know...?
In general, an endangered species is one that's in immediate²⁶ danger of becoming extinct. Its numbers are usually low, and it needs protection in order to survive.

Listen to some facts about endangered species. Pay special attention to the numbers.
   ● Scientists have cataloged more than __________________________ of the species that exist on Earth today. By some recent estimates, at least _________ that many species inhabit the planet.
   ● Up to ___________ become extinct every day. Scientists estimate that the total number of species lost each year may climb to ____________ by the year 2000, a rate far exceeding any in the last ____________ years.
   ● Around the world more than __________ protected areas exist in the form of parks, wildlife refuges and other reserves. These areas cover a total of about _____________________ (5 million square km, or _____ of our total land area).
   ● Today, more than __________ in the United States are classified as endangered. More than __________ animal species are endangered worldwide.
   ● Little-noticed aquatic animals are in big trouble. In North America, _____________ of our fish species, ______________________ of our crayfish species and nearly ________________ of the mussel species are in trouble.

Part Ⅵ  Reminder of key points in this unit
    Verb & Verb Phrase  Noun & Noun Phrase  Other
   Part Ⅰ regulate        conservation    under the aus-
    come into force     habitat            pices of
    compromise        convention 
    roll off        partnership 
    breed        public appeal 
    slaughter        walrus 
    bludgeon        sea sanctuary 
                 nesting site 
                 make a donation 
   Part Ⅱ         bird count     longest-running
                 volunteer     virtually
                 Pacific islands 
                 ornithology 
                 logistics 
                 diameter 
                 census 
                 bird watcher 
                 conservationist 
                 feather 
   Part Ⅲ instigate        ire              aquatic park
    bounce off        concrete tank      in captivity
    reject        sonar              family-oriented
    alter        census              suicidal
                 debate              sophisticated
                 marine mammal      stranded
                 fractured skull/rib/jaw 
   Part Ⅳ signal        Panama              adversely
    degrade        esthetic value 
                 indicator 
                 habitat alteration 
                 degradation 
   Part Ⅴ catalog        estimate 
    inhabit        wildlife refuge 
                 reserve 
                 aquatic 
                 crayfish 
                 mussel 
 

1 brink   

n.(悬崖、河流等的)边缘，边沿

参考例句：

• The tree grew on the brink of the cliff.那棵树生长在峭壁的边缘。
• The two countries were poised on the brink of war.这两个国家处于交战的边缘。

2 census   

n.(官方的)人口调查，人口普查

参考例句：

• A census of population is taken every ten years.人口普查每10年进行一次。
• The census is taken one time every four years in our country.我国每四年一次人口普查。

3 implementation   

n.实施，贯彻

参考例句：

• Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。

4 adversely   

ad.有害地

参考例句：

• We commented adversely upon the imbecility of that message of telegraphic style. 我们对着这条电报式的愚蠢的留言发泄了一通不满。
• Widely fluctuating exchange rates may adversely affect international trade. 浮动幅度很大的汇率可能会对国际贸易产生有害的影响。

5 aquatic   

adj.水生的，水栖的

参考例句：

• Aquatic sports include swimming and rowing.水上运动包括游泳和划船。
• We visited an aquatic city in Italy.我们在意大利访问过一个水上城市。

6 acronyms   

n.首字母缩略词( acronym的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Scratch the subject of defence and acronyms, abbreviations, and buzzwords fly out. 话题触及国防，缩合字，缩写字和行话就满天飞。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Some acronyms as scientific terminology are used as a lexical item. 一些科学术语缩写用作词汇项目。 来自互联网

7 cons   

n.欺骗，骗局( con的名词复数 )v.诈骗，哄骗( con的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• The pros and cons cancel out. 正反两种意见抵消。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• We should hear all the pros and cons of the matter before we make a decision. 我们在对这事做出决定之前，应该先听取正反两方面的意见。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 auspices   

n.资助，赞助

参考例句：

• The association is under the auspices of Word Bank.这个组织是在世界银行的赞助下办的。
• The examination was held under the auspices of the government.这次考试是由政府主办的。

9 partnerships   

n.伙伴关系( partnership的名词复数 )；合伙人身份；合作关系

参考例句：

• Partnerships suffer another major disadvantage: decision-making is shared. 合伙企业的另一主要缺点是决定要由大家来作。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
• It involved selling off limited partnerships. 它涉及到售出有限的合伙权。 来自辞典例句

10 ecosystem   

n.生态系统

参考例句：

• This destroyed the ecosystem of the island.这样破坏了岛上的生态系统。
• We all have an interest in maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.维持生态系统的完整是我们共同的利益。

11 marine   

adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵

参考例句：

• Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

12 walruses   

n.海象( walrus的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Walruses have enormous appetites and hunt for food almost constantly. 海象食欲极大，几乎一直在猎取食物。 来自互联网
• Two Atlantic walruses snuggle on an ice floe near Igloolik, Nunavut, Canada. 加拿大努勒维特伊格卢利克附近，两头大西洋海象在浮冰上相互偎依。 来自互联网

13 extinction   

n.熄灭，消亡，消灭，灭绝，绝种

参考例句：

• The plant is now in danger of extinction.这种植物现在有绝种的危险。
• The island's way of life is doomed to extinction.这个岛上的生活方式注定要消失。

14 slaughtered   

v.屠杀，杀戮，屠宰( slaughter的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The invading army slaughtered a lot of people. 侵略军杀了许多人。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Hundreds of innocent civilians were cruelly slaughtered. 数百名无辜平民遭残杀。 来自《简明英汉词典》

15 illustrated   

adj. 有插图的，列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• His lecture was illustrated with slides taken during the expedition. 他在讲演中使用了探险时拍摄到的幻灯片。
• The manufacturing Methods: Will be illustrated in the next chapter. 制作方法将在下一章说明。

16 authentic   

a.真的，真正的；可靠的，可信的，有根据的

参考例句：

• This is an authentic news report. We can depend on it. 这是篇可靠的新闻报道, 我们相信它。
• Autumn is also the authentic season of renewal. 秋天才是真正的除旧布新的季节。

17 ornithology   

n.鸟类学

参考例句：

• He found his vocation in ornithology.他发现自己适于专攻鸟类学。
• His main interests are botany and ornithology.他主要对植物学和鸟类学感兴趣。

18 captivity   

n.囚禁；被俘；束缚

参考例句：

• A zoo is a place where live animals are kept in captivity for the public to see.动物园是圈养动物以供公众观看的场所。
• He was held in captivity for three years.他被囚禁叁年。

19 instigate   

v.教唆，怂恿，煽动

参考例句：

• His object was to instigate a little rebellion on the part of the bishop.他的目的是，在主教方面煽起一场小小的造反。
• It would not prove worthwhile to instigate a nuclear attack.挑起核攻击最终是不值得的。

20 metabolically   

代谢的（metabolic的副词形式）

参考例句：

• Intact skin is a highly complex, metabolically active organ. 完整的皮肤是一个高度复杂、代谢灵敏的器官。 来自辞典例句

21 pertaining   

与…有关系的，附属…的，为…固有的(to)

参考例句：

• Living conditions are vastly different from those pertaining in their country of origin. 生活条件与他们祖国大不相同。
• The inspector was interested in everything pertaining to the school. 视察员对有关学校的一切都感兴趣。

22 stranded   

a.搁浅的，进退两难的

参考例句：

• He was stranded in a strange city without money. 他流落在一个陌生的城市里， 身无分文，一筹莫展。
• I was stranded in the strange town without money or friends. 我困在那陌生的城市，既没有钱，又没有朋友。

23 pros   

abbr.prosecuting 起诉；prosecutor 起诉人；professionals 自由职业者；proscenium （舞台）前部n.赞成的意见( pro的名词复数 )；赞成的理由；抵偿物；交换物

参考例句：

• The pros and cons cancel out. 正反两种意见抵消。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• We should hear all the pros and cons of the matter before we make a decision. 我们在对这事做出决定之前，应该先听取正反两方面的意见。 来自《简明英汉词典》

24 vitality   

n.活力，生命力，效力

参考例句：

• He came back from his holiday bursting with vitality and good health.他度假归来之后，身强体壮，充满活力。
• He is an ambitious young man full of enthusiasm and vitality.他是个充满热情与活力的有远大抱负的青年。

25 indicator   

n.指标；指示物，指示者；指示器

参考例句：

• Gold prices are often seen as an indicator of inflation.黃金价格常常被看作是通货膨胀的指标。
• His left-hand indicator is flashing.他左手边的转向灯正在闪亮。

26 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。