美国学生人类历史第43期:希腊人(2)

 　　But here and there, on the tops of high rocks, they saw the castles of the Aegeans and those they did not attack for they feared the metal swords and the spears of the Aegean soldiers and knew that they could not hope to defeat them with their clumsy stone axes.For many centuries they continued to wander from valley to valley and from mountain side to mountain side Then the whole of the land had been occupied and the migration¹ had come to an end.

　　不过在各处的高山顶上，他们也看见了爱琴海人的城堡。他们没敢对之下手。爱琴诲人士兵使用金属刀剑与长矛，赫愣人知道，凭自己手里的粗陋石斧，绝对是讨不到任何便宜的。在许多世纪里，他们就这样四处游荡，往来于一个又一个山谷与山腰。后来，等全部的土地都被他们占领，他们便定居下来作了农民。

　　That moment was the beginning of Greek civilisation². The Greek farmer, living within sight of the Aegean colonies, was finally driven by curiosity to visit his haughty³ neighbours. He discovered that he could learn many useful things from the men who dwelt behind the high stone walls of Mycenae, and Tiryns.

　　这就是希腊文明的开始。这些希腊农民住在看得见爱琴海人殖民地的地方，终于忍不住好奇心，去拜访了他们的高傲邻居。他们发现，原来自己可以从这些居住在迈锡尼和蒂林斯的高大石墙后面的人们那里学到许多有用的东西。

　　He was a clever pupil. Within a short time he mastered the art of handling those strange iron weapons which the Aegeans had brought from Babylon and from Thebes. He came to understand the mysteries of navigation. He began to build little boats for his own use.

　　他们是绝顶聪明的学生。没用多久，便学会了如何使用爱琴海人从巴比伦和底比斯买回的那些奇怪的铁制武器，也弄懂了航海的奥秘。于是，他们开始自己建造小船，出海航行。

　　And when he had learned everything the Aegeans could teach him he turned upon his teachers and drove them back to their islands. Soon afterwards he ventured forth⁴ upon the sea and conquered all the cities of the Aegean. Finally in the fifteenth century before our era he plundered⁵ and ravaged⁶ Cnossus and ten centuries after their first appearance upon the scene the Hellenes were the undisputed rulers of Greece, of the Aegean and of the coastal⁷ regions of Asia Minor⁸. Troy, the last great commercial stronghold of the older civilisation, was destroyed in the eleventh century B.C., European history was to begin in all seriousness.

　　当他们学会了爱琴海人的所有技艺，便掉转矛头，把自己的老师赶回了爱琴海岛屿。不久，他们冒险渡海，征服了爱琴海上的所有城市。最后，在公元前15世纪，他们洗劫了克诺索斯，将其夷为平地。就这样，在赫愣人初次登上历史舞台10世纪后，他们成为了整个希腊、爱琴海和小亚细亚沿岸地区的无可争议的主人。公元前11世纪，古老文明的最后一个伟大贸易中心特洛伊被希腊人摧毁。欧洲历史于此便真正开始了。

1 migration   

n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙

参考例句：

• Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
• He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。

2 civilisation   

n.文明，文化，开化，教化

参考例句：

• Energy and ideas are the twin bases of our civilisation.能源和思想是我们文明的两大基石。
• This opera is one of the cultural totems of Western civilisation.这部歌剧是西方文明的文化标志物之一。

3 haughty   

adj.傲慢的，高傲的

参考例句：

• He gave me a haughty look and walked away.他向我摆出傲慢的表情后走开。
• They were displeased with her haughty airs.他们讨厌她高傲的派头。

4 forth   

adv.向前；向外，往外

参考例句：

• The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
• He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。

5 plundered   

掠夺，抢劫( plunder的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Many of our cultural treasures have been plundered by imperialists. 我国许多珍贵文物被帝国主义掠走了。
• The imperialists plundered many valuable works of art. 帝国主义列强掠夺了许多珍贵的艺术品。

6 ravaged   

毁坏( ravage的过去式和过去分词 )； 蹂躏； 劫掠； 抢劫

参考例句：

• a country ravaged by civil war 遭受内战重创的国家
• The whole area was ravaged by forest fires. 森林火灾使整个地区荒废了。

7 coastal   

adj.海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的

参考例句：

• The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。

8 minor   

adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修

参考例句：

• The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
• I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。