美国学生人类历史 第115期:教会之兴(2)

 When the first disciples¹ of Jesus reached Rome and began to preach their new doctrine² of a universal brotherhood³ of man, nobody objected. 当第一批基督耶稣的信徒们抵达罗马，开始宣讲他们"爱人如己，人人都是兄弟"的新信仰时，没人站出来反对。

The man in the street stopped and listened Rome, the capital of the world, had always been full of wandering preachers, each proclaiming his own"mystery." 随后还有些好奇的路人停下脚步，聆听这些传教士新鲜的言辞。作为一个庞大帝国的首都，当时的罗马充斥着五花八门、四处周游的传教士，个个都在传播自己的"神秘之道"。

Most of the self-appointed priests appealed to the senses-promised golden rewards and endless pleasure to the followers⁴ of their own particular god. 这些自封的传道者一般诉诸人们的理性，向他们大声疾呼，对那些愿意追随自己所宣讲的神的人，允诺金色的未来和无尽的喜悦。

Soon the crowd in the street noticed that the so-called Christians⁶ (the followers of the Christ or "anointed") spoke⁷ a very different language. 不久之后，聚集在大街上的群众开始发觉，那些所谓的"基督徒"（意为基督耶稣的跟从者或被上帝用膏油涂抹嘱咐的人）宣讲的是一些他们从未听说过的东西。

They did not appear to be impressed by great riches or a noble position. 他们似乎根本不关注财富的多少或地位的高贵与否

They extolled⁸ the beauties of poverty and humility⁹ and meekness¹⁰. 相反，他们对贫穷、谦卑、顺从等等美德大加赞颂。

These were not exactly the virtues¹¹ which had made Rome the mistress of the world. 而罗马之所以成为世界强国，凭借的刚好不是这些品德。

It was rather interesting to listen to a "mystery" which told people in the hey-day of their glory that their worldly success could not possibly bring them lasting¹² happiness. 在四海升平、战功远播的帝国全盛时期，有人竟来告诉罗马的人民，世俗的成功并不能担保他们永久的幸福，这倒是挺有意思的事情。

Besides, the preachers of the Christian⁵ mystery told dreadful stories of the fate that awaited those who refused to listen to the words of the true God. 更何况，这些传播基督"神秘之道"的传教士还讲到了那些拒绝聆听真神话语的人们等待他们的命运将悲惨无比，简直让人恐怖。

It was never wise to take chances. 很显然，碰运气可不是什么好的法子。

Of course the old Roman gods still existed, but were they strong enough to protect their friends against the powers of this new deity¹³ who had been brought to Europe from distant Asia? 当然，还有罗马的旧神在，他们就住在不远处。不过他们是否有足够的威力来保护他们的老朋友，对抗刚刚从遥远亚洲传到欧洲的新上帝的权威呢？

People began to have doubts. They returned to listen to further explanations of the new creed¹⁴. 人们开始恐慌，开始怀疑。他们又回到基督徒传教的地方，希望进一步弄清这些教义的条条款款。

1 disciples   

n.信徒( disciple的名词复数 )；门徒；耶稣的信徒；（尤指）耶稣十二门徒之一

参考例句：

• Judas was one of the twelve disciples of Jesus. 犹大是耶稣十二门徒之一。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• "The names of the first two disciples were --" “最初的两个门徒的名字是——” 来自英汉文学 - 汤姆历险

2 doctrine   

n.教义；主义；学说

参考例句：

• He was impelled to proclaim his doctrine.他不得不宣扬他的教义。
• The council met to consider changes to doctrine.宗教议会开会考虑更改教义。

3 brotherhood   

n.兄弟般的关系，手中情谊

参考例句：

• They broke up the brotherhood.他们断绝了兄弟关系。
• They live and work together in complete equality and brotherhood.他们完全平等和兄弟般地在一起生活和工作。

4 followers   

追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件

参考例句：

• the followers of Mahatma Gandhi 圣雄甘地的拥护者
• The reformer soon gathered a band of followers round him. 改革者很快就获得一群追随者支持他。

5 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

6 Christians   

n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Christians of all denominations attended the conference. 基督教所有教派的人都出席了这次会议。
• His novel about Jesus caused a furore among Christians. 他关于耶稣的小说激起了基督教徒的公愤。

7 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

8 extolled   

v.赞颂，赞扬，赞美( extol的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school. 他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Tessenow decried the metropolis and extolled the peasant virtues. 特森诺夫痛诋大都市，颂扬农民的美德。 来自辞典例句

9 humility   

n.谦逊，谦恭

参考例句：

• Humility often gains more than pride.谦逊往往比骄傲收益更多。
• His voice was still soft and filled with specious humility.他的声音还是那么温和，甚至有点谦卑。

10 meekness   

n.温顺，柔和

参考例句：

• Amy sewed with outward meekness and inward rebellion till dusk. 阿密阳奉阴违地一直缝到黄昏。 来自辞典例句
• 'I am pretty well, I thank you,' answered Mr. Lorry, with meekness; 'how are you?' “很好，谢谢，”罗瑞先生回答，态度温驯，“你好么？” 来自英汉文学 - 双城记

11 virtues   

美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处

参考例句：

• Doctors often extol the virtues of eating less fat. 医生常常宣扬少吃脂肪的好处。
• She delivered a homily on the virtues of family life. 她进行了一场家庭生活美德方面的说教。

12 lasting   

adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持

参考例句：

• The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
• We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。

13 deity   

n.神，神性；被奉若神明的人(或物)

参考例句：

• Many animals were seen as the manifestation of a deity.许多动物被看作神的化身。
• The deity was hidden in the deepest recesses of the temple.神藏在庙宇壁龛的最深处。

14 creed   

n.信条；信念，纲领

参考例句：

• They offended against every article of his creed.他们触犯了他的每一条戒律。
• Our creed has always been that business is business.我们的信条一直是公私分明。