美国学生人类历史 第154期:十字军东征(3)

 The first Crusade, a wild mob of honest Christians¹, defaulting bankrupts, penniless noblemen and fugitives² from justice, 第一支十字军是由诚实的基督徒、无力履行义务的破产者、穷困潦倒的没落贵族以及逃避法庭制裁的罪犯所组成的乌台之众。

following the lead of halfcrazy Peter the Hermit³ and Walter-without-a-Cent, began their campaign against the Infidels by murdering all the Jews whom they met by the way. 他们乱哄哄地、纪律涣散，在半疯癫的隐士彼得和"赤贫者"瓦特的领导下开始了远征。作为惩罚异教徒的第一步，他们把一路上碰见的所有犹太人统统杀掉。

They got as far as Hungary and then they were all killed. 他们只勉强前进到匈牙利，然后便全军覆没了。

This experience taught the Church a lesson. 这次经历给了教会一个深刻的教训：

Enthusiasm alone would not set the Holy Land free. 单凭热情是无法解放圣地的。

Organisation⁴ was as necessary as good-will and courage. 细致的组织工作与良好意愿、勇气一样，都是十字军事业成功必不可少的因素。

A year was spent in training and equipping an army of 200,000 men. 于是欧洲花费了1年时间，训练和装备了1支20万人的军队，

They were placed under command of Godfrey of Bouillon, Robert, duke of Normandy, Robert, count of Flanders, 由布隆的戈德弗雷、诺曼底公爵罗伯特、弗兰德斯伯爵罗伯特以及其他几位贵族指挥。

and a number of other noblemen, all experienced in the art of war. 这些人都是深谙作战技巧、经验丰富的将领。

In the year 1096 this second crusade started upon its long voyage. 公元1096年，第二支十字军开始其漫长而徒劳的征程。

At Constantinople the knights⁵ did homage⁶ to the Emperor. 到达君士坦丁堡后，骑士们神情庄严地向东罗马皇帝举行了宣誓效忠仪式。

(For as I have told you, traditions die hard, and a Roman Emperor, however poor and powerless, was still held in great respect). （正如我已经说过的，传统不会轻易消失，不管如今的东罗马皇帝是如何潦倒、如何无权无势，但依然享有崇高的尊严。）

Then they crossed into Asia, killed all the Moslems who fell into their hands, stormed Jerusalem, massacred the Mohammedan population, 随后他们渡海到亚洲，沿途杀掉所有被俘的穆斯林。他们所向披靡，对耶路撒冷发动了暴风雨般的攻击，并屠杀 了该城的所有穆罕默德信徒。

and marched to the Holy Sepulchre to give praise and thanks amidst tears of piety⁷ and gratitude⁸. 最后，他们流着虔诚与感恩的泪水，进军圣墓去赞美伟大的上帝。

But soon the Turks were strengthened by the arrival of fresh troops. 可不久后，土耳其人的精锐援军赶到，重新夺取了耶路撒冷。

Then they retook Jerusalem and in turn killed the faithful followers⁹ of the Cross. 作为报复，他们又杀光了所有忠于十字架的信徒。

1 Christians   

n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Christians of all denominations attended the conference. 基督教所有教派的人都出席了这次会议。
• His novel about Jesus caused a furore among Christians. 他关于耶稣的小说激起了基督教徒的公愤。

2 fugitives   

n.亡命者，逃命者( fugitive的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Three fugitives from the prison are still at large. 三名逃犯仍然未被抓获。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Members of the provisional government were prisoners or fugitives. 临时政府的成员或被捕或逃亡。 来自演讲部分

3 hermit   

n.隐士，修道者；隐居

参考例句：

• He became a hermit after he was dismissed from office.他被解职后成了隐士。
• Chinese ancient landscape poetry was in natural connections with hermit culture.中国古代山水诗与隐士文化有着天然联系。

4 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。

5 knights   

骑士； （中古时代的）武士( knight的名词复数 )； 骑士； 爵士； （国际象棋中）马

参考例句：

• stories of knights and fair maidens 关于骑士和美女的故事
• He wove a fascinating tale of knights in shining armour. 他编了一个穿着明亮盔甲的骑士的迷人故事。

6 homage   

n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬

参考例句：

• We pay homage to the genius of Shakespeare.我们对莎士比亚的天才表示敬仰。
• The soldiers swore to pay their homage to the Queen.士兵们宣誓效忠于女王陛下。

7 piety   

n.虔诚，虔敬

参考例句：

• They were drawn to the church not by piety but by curiosity.他们去教堂不是出于虔诚而是出于好奇。
• Experience makes us see an enormous difference between piety and goodness.经验使我们看到虔诚与善意之间有着巨大的区别。

8 gratitude   

adj.感激，感谢

参考例句：

• I have expressed the depth of my gratitude to him.我向他表示了深切的谢意。
• She could not help her tears of gratitude rolling down her face.她感激的泪珠禁不住沿着面颊流了下来。

9 followers   

追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件

参考例句：

• the followers of Mahatma Gandhi 圣雄甘地的拥护者
• The reformer soon gathered a band of followers round him. 改革者很快就获得一群追随者支持他。