《美国学生人类历史》叙述西方文明是如何从原始人类发源，并进一步讲述书写文字、艺术、建筑以及主要的信仰，直至近代民族国家的兴起等。本书能帮助英语学习爱好者在提高英语水平的同事，了解人类历史知识，增强英语文化素养。
The Roman Gods were State Functionaries. Each one managed his own department with great prudence and a deep sense of justice, but in turn he was exact in demanding the obedience of his worshippers. This obedience the Romans rendered with scrupulous c...
Our best guess is that the Etruscans came originally from Asia Minor and that a great war or a pestilence in that country had forced them to go away and seek a new home elsewhere. Whatever the reason for their coming, the Etruscans played a great r?l...
Rome began as a thousand American cities have done, by being a convenient place for barter and horse-trading. It lay in the heart of the plains of central Italy The Tiber provided direct access to the sea. The land-road from north to south found here...
Carthage could not possibly tolerate such competition. The young rival must be destroyed lest the Carthaginian rulers lose their prestige as the absolute rulers of the western Mediterranean. The rumors were duly investigated and in a general way thes...
As the years went by the influence of Carthage upon her neighbours increased until the greater part of the African coast, Spain and certain regions of France were Carthaginian possessions, and paid tribute, taxes and dividends to the mighty city on t...
Chapter 22 第二十二章 Rome and Carthage 罗马和迦太基 The Semitic colony of Carthage on the northern coast of Africa and the indo-European city of Rome on the west coast of Italy fought each other for the possession of the Western Mediterra...
When you look at the map you will see how by this time civilisation has described a semi-circle. It begins in Egypt, and by way of Mesopotamia and the Aegean Islands it moves westward until it reaches the European continent. The first four thousand y...
Not only did these hardy people manage to exist through the long cold spells which killed many ferocious animals, but when the earth became warm and comfortable once more,prehistoric man had learned a number of things which gave him such great advant...
Chapter 21 第21章 A Summary 总结 A short Summary of Chapters 1 to 20 有关文明起源的小结 Thus far, from the top of our high tower we have been looking eastward. But from this time on, the history of Egypt and Mesopotamia is going to grow...
The newly formed Empire must be brought under the influence of the Greek mind. The people must be taught the Greek language-they must live in cities built after a Greek model. The Alexandrian soldier now turned school-master. The military camps of ye...
Chapter 20 第二十章 Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝 Alexander the Macedonian establishes a Geek world-empire, and what became of this high ambition 马其顿的亚历山大大帝建立了一个希腊式的世界帝国，他的雄心壮志究...
An insignificant quarrel between two little Greek cities led to the final conflict. For thirty years the war between Athens and Sparta continued. It ended in a terrible disaster for Athens. 一段时间里，雅典与斯巴达相安无事。可一件小...
Chapter 19 第十九章 Athens VS. Sparta 雅典与斯巴达之战 How Athens and Sparta fought a long and disastrous war for the leadership of Greece 为争夺希腊半岛的领导权，雅典与斯巴达展开了一场漫长而灾难深重的战争。...
But the pass had been lost and the greater part of Greece fell into the hands of the Persians. They marched upon Athens, threw the garrison from the rocks of the Acropolis and burned the city. The people fled to the Island of Salamis. All seemed lost...
Eight years they waited and during this time the Greeks were not idle. They knew that a final attack was to be expected but they did not agree upon the best way to avert the danger. Some people wanted to increase the army. Others said that a strong f...
