美国学生世界地理教材 第141期:熊的故事(2)

 You may wonder¹ why people live in such² faroff places, why they don't move to other places that are more comfortable³. 你也许很好奇，为什么人们要居住在如此偏远的地方？为什么不搬到环境更舒适一点的地方呢？

But people live where they can make a living⁴, and cities usually start with a few⁵ houses and more and more houses are built⁶ until⁷ there is a city. 但是人们一般都住在可以生存的地方，这个地方最初只有几栋房子，房子越建越多就发展成了城市。

But there is a great city farther⁸ south than Archangel which was⁹ built all at once—to order¹¹. 然而，在阿尔汉格尔斯克南边较远的一座大城市，却是遵照命令一次就建起来的。

It was built by a man named Peter, who was one of the rulers of Russia¹². They were called "czars." 命令建城的人是一个名叫“彼得”的俄罗斯统治者。俄罗斯的统治者都被称作“沙皇”。

Peter wanted to live by the water so that he could¹³ sail¹⁴ ships, just as¹⁰ you might¹⁵ like to go to the seashore to sail boats, 彼得想住在海边，这样他能随时驾船航海，就像你很想去海边驾船一样。

so he built a city by the sea, with streets, shops, houses, and palaces¹⁶, and then, as he was a czar who could make people do what he wanted, 于是他就在海边建造了一座城市，城里有街道，有商店，有房屋，还有宫殿。此时，因为他是沙皇，他想怎么做，民众就得怎么做。

he made¹⁷ people come and live in this city. 他下令其他地方的人搬到这个城市居住。

Peter had¹⁸ been named for St. Peter, so he called his city St. Petersburg, which meant St. Peter's City. 彼得的名字是根据圣彼得的名字取的，于是他将这座城市命名为“圣彼得堡”，意思是“圣彼得的城市”。

That was two hundred years ago. 这是200年前的事了。

When Russia was fighting¹⁹ in World War²¹ I the people of St.Petersburg said²² that they wanted a real²³ Russian²⁴ name for their city, 俄罗斯参加第一次世界大战的时候，圣彼得堡的人民说他们想为自己的城市取一个真正的俄罗斯的名字，

for "burg" was the German²⁵ name for city, and they were fighting the Germans²⁶, so they called it Petrograd, which was the Russian name for Peter's City. 因为“堡”是德国人用来表示“城市”的，而他们当时又在和德国人打仗，所以他们把“圣彼得堡”改名为“彼得格勒”，彼得格勒在俄语中也是“圣彼得的城市”的意思。

But the people got²⁷ tired of the war and all of a sudden²⁸ they said they would²⁹ not fight²⁰ any more; 后来，人们厌倦了战争，突然就决定不再继续打下去了。

they had a revolution³⁰, killed³¹ the czar and set³² up a government³³ of their own³⁴. 他们发动了一场革命，处死了沙皇，建立了自己的政府。

They wanted the city of Petrograd called for the leader³⁵ of the revolution, a man named Lenin, 他们想用这场革命的领袖——列宁——的名字来称呼“彼得格勒”这座城市，

so they changed the name of the city again to Leningrad, which meant Lenin's City. 于是，他们又将城市的名字改为“列宁格勒”，意思是“列宁的城市”。

Russia, but it was so cold there they moved the capital³⁶ to a city still farther south near the center³⁷ of Russia that had been the capital before. 这样，圣彼得堡、彼得格勒、列宁格勒都曾是俄罗斯首都的名字，但是这儿气候寒冷，于是人们将首都迁到更南边的一个城市，靠近俄罗斯的中心，那儿以前也曾是首都。

This city is called Moscow³⁸. 这个城市叫莫斯科。

1 wonder   

v.惊奇；惊讶；(对...)感到怀疑

参考例句：

• I wonder why he is late.我想知道他为什么迟到。
• No wonder it's a wonder.怪不得这是一个奇迹。

2 such   

adj.如此的，这样的；pron.这样的；adv.如此地

参考例句：

• He is such a man.他是这样一个人。
• He spent all his money,he is such a fool.他这样傻，花光了所有的钱。

3 comfortable   

adj.舒适的，舒服的

参考例句：

• This sofa is very comfortable.这张沙发很舒服。
• The environment for shopping is comfortable.购物的环境很舒适。

4 living   

adj.活的，活着的，现存的；逼真的，一模一样的；生活的，维持生活的；n.生活，生计

参考例句：

• Nowadays it is very easy to earn a living.现今谋生很容易。
• I'll never forget that as long as I am living.这事我至死也不会忘记。

5 few   

adj.很少的，不多的，少数的；int.少数的

参考例句：

• There are few woods in that area.那个地区几乎没有森林。
• I have a few questions.我有些问题要问你。

6 built   

v.build的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• My father built his business on years of hard work.我父亲多年奋斗创立了自己的事业。
• Ten years later,the school built out two buildings.10年后这个学校又增建了两栋建筑。

7 until   

prep.直到...为止；conj.直到...时才...

参考例句：

• He arrived home until midnight.他直到半夜才到家。
• She didn't sleep until midnight.她直到半夜才睡。

8 farther   

adj.更远的，进一步的；adv.更远的，此外；far的比较级

参考例句：

• I can throw the ball farther than you can.这个球我能比你扔得远。
• The farther hill is five kilometres away.那座更远的小山在五公里以外。

9 was   

v.(is,am的过去式)是，在

参考例句：

• He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
• He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。

10 as   

conj.按照；如同

参考例句：

• He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
• In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里，这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。

11 order   

n.订单；命令；n.顺序，整齐；勋章；阶级，决议；vt.命令； 调整；定购

参考例句：

• His desk is always in order.他的书桌上总是整整齐齐的。
• You pay for it at the time you order it.订购时就得付款。

12 Russia   

n.俄罗斯，俄国

参考例句：

• During his summer vacation he visited Russia.暑假期间他去俄罗斯了。
• America and Russia are great powers.美国和俄国是两大强国。

13 could   

v.能，可能(can的过去式)；aux.v.(can的过去式)能；可以

参考例句：

• Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗？
• I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。

14 sail   

n.帆，乘船航行；vt.乘船航行，浮游，启航；vi.驾船航行

参考例句：

• Ships can sail round the world.轮船能做环球航行。
• Ships can sail on the sea.轮船能在海上航行。

15 might   

aux./v.(may的过去式)可能；可以，允许

参考例句：

• It looks as if it might snow.看起来好像要下雪了。
• Might I ask a question?我能问个问题吗？

16 palaces   

n.宫，宫殿( palace的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Huge palaces were built by slave labour. 宏伟的宫殿是奴隶建成的。
• American shopping malls and supermarkets are palaces of consumerism. 美国的商场是消费主义的地盘。 来自《简明英汉词典》

17 made   

v.make的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• They were not made in china.它们不是中国制造的。
• The monkey made a long arm for the peach.猴子伸臂去摘桃子。

18 had   

vbl.have的过去式和过去分词；conj.有

参考例句：

• I just had a good idea!我有个好主意！
• The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。

19 fighting   

adj.战斗的；好战的；作战用的；适于打斗的n.战斗；斗志；宣战言论；微小但值得一搏的机会v.战斗( fight的现在分词 )；斗争；打架；吵架

参考例句：

• He is now fighting his addiction to alcohol. 他现在正努力戒酒。
• There is growing apprehension that fighting will begin again. 人们愈来愈担心会重开战火。

20 fight   

n.打架，战斗，斗志；v.对抗，打架

参考例句：

• We are ready to fight again.我们再度准备好战斗。
• I'll fight with you.我会和你并肩作战。

21 war   

n.战争；vi.作战

参考例句：

• We ended the Korean war.我们结束了朝鲜战争。
• The war made many people lose their house and home.战争使许多人无家可归。

22 said   

v.动词say的过去式、过去分词

参考例句：

• He said to me that he could not come.他对我说他不能来。
• He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。

23 real   

adj.真实的；非虚构的；真正的；非常的

参考例句：

• You know her real name?你知道她的真正名字？
• The real world does not look that way!现实世界不是这样的！

24 Russian   

adj.俄国人的，俄语的；n.俄国人；俄语

参考例句：

• He both speaks and writes Russian.他又能说，又能写俄语。
• I think the Russian's going to win.我想那个俄国人会得第一。

25 German   

adj.德国的，德国人的，德语的；n.德国人，德语

参考例句：

• He is studying German.他在学习德语。
• Besides English,he has to study German and French.除英语外，他还要学德语和法语。

26 Germans   

n.德国人，德语( German的名词复数 )；[医]德国人；[人名] 杰曼斯

参考例句：

• The French and Germans each claimed the territory. 法国人和德国人都声称这块土地是他们的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• This is a custom amongst the Germans. 这是德国人特有的习俗。 来自《简明英汉词典》

27 got   

v.(get的过去式)得到，猜到，明白

参考例句：

• I just got some bad news.我刚得到一些坏消息。
• I have got far too much work to do.我要做的事太多了。

28 sudden   

n.突然，忽然；adj.突然的，意外的，快速的

参考例句：

• All of a sudden he turned about and saw me.他突然转过身来看见了我。
• The horse was badly frightened by the sudden noise.那匹马被突然而来的嘈杂声吓坏了。

29 would   

aux.will的过去式；愿，要；常常；大概；将要，会

参考例句：

• Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说？
• Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗？

30 revolution   

n.革命，大变革；旋转；周期，循环

参考例句：

• The earth makes a yearly revolution around the sun.地球每年绕太阳一周。
• This volume records the history of the country's revolution.这卷书记载了这个国家的革命历史。

31 killed   

adj.被杀死的，断开的v.杀死( kill的过去式和过去分词 )；使停止[结束，失败]；破坏，减弱，抵消；使痛苦，使受折磨

参考例句：

• The family was killed in an air raid. 这家人在一次空袭中遇难。
• Two soldiers were killed in a terrorist ambush. 两名士兵遭到恐怖分子伏击而死亡。

32 set   

n.组合，集合，设定；一套，一副，一局比赛；v.放置，设定；(太阳)落下去

参考例句：

• He set to with a will and soon finished it.他下定决心做这件事，很快就完成了。
• The bus set the children down just outside the school gate.公共汽车让孩子们正好在学校门口下车。

33 government   

n.政府，当局，行政管理机构

参考例句：

• Tom works for the government.汤姆为政府机关做事。
• The new government will come into power next month.新政府将在下月开始执政。

34 own   

v.拥有，持有；adj.(属于)自己的，特有的

参考例句：

• I need my own space.我需要自己的空间。
• Everything I own is yours.我所有的一切都是你的。

35 leader   

n.领导者；指挥者

参考例句：

• Whom did you choose for our team leader?你选谁当我们的队长？
• She does a good job as leader of the factory.她是厂里的好当家。

36 capital   

n.资本，资金，资方；首都，首府，中心；大写字母；adj.主要的；资本的；大写的

参考例句：

• Beijing is the capital of china.北京是中国的首都。
• We don't have enough capital.我们没有足够的资金。

37 center   

n.中心，中央；vi.居中；vt.使集中

参考例句：

• The new sports center is a big success.新建的体育中心获得巨大成功。
• Alice stood in the center of a large group.爱丽丝站在一大群人的中央。

38 Moscow   

n.莫斯科(俄罗斯首都)

参考例句：

• Moscow is a very cold place in winter.冬季莫斯科非常寒冷。
• He joined a flying school in Moscow.他进了莫斯科一所飞行学校。