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If you're someone who likes to mull things over, consider this question our holiday gift to you.

When you mull something over, must "over" always be part of the equation? Or can you leave it out and simply mull something?

Take a second to mull that over.

This topic came to us by way of an email from one of Professor Anne Curzan's colleagues, who sent Curzan the following sentence from Politico:

"Trump¹ Administration officials are mulling an executive order that would instruct federal agencies to review low-income assistance programs."

The colleague says that she can't say "mull" without also including "over." She wants to know why people are now just mulling things instead.

This is an example of what linguists² call the recency illusion. Basically, someone thinks, "I've just noticed this, therefore it must be new."

As it turns out, there's nothing new about mulling things.

"Mull" in the sense of "ponder" only goes back to the late 19th century. In the Oxford³ English Dictionary, the first example of mulling over a problem is from 1884. The first example of simply mulling something is from 1873.

In other words, these two usages got started right around the same time.

In 1996, William Safire wrote about this issue in the New York Times Magazine. Like Curzan's colleague, he also thought that it must be "mull over." Safire called "mull" on its own "the naked mull," and was convinced it had to be a new phenomenon.

Safire actually sent his concerns to Frederick Mich, who was then the editor at Merriam Webster Dictionaries. Mish said that he too preferred "mull over." However, once he checked his database, Mish discovered that the usage frequency between the two is just about equal.

What about you? Can you mull something or must you always mull it over? Let us know [email protected]@umich.edu.

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 linguists   

n.通晓数国语言的人( linguist的名词复数 )；语言学家

参考例句：

• The linguists went to study tribal languages in the field. 语言学家们去实地研究部落语言了。 来自辞典例句
• The linguists' main interest has been to analyze and describe languages. 语言学家的主要兴趣一直在于分析并描述语言。 来自辞典例句

3 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。