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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
Sometimes Michigan's state government relies on experts from the private sector1 to help guide public policy.
But what if the experts stand to profit from the advice they're giving?
Take for example the panel that recommends which medical conditions allow people to qualify for medical marijuana cards.
Advising the government
Before the state approves a medical marijuana card, a doctor has to certify2 that the patient has a qualifying health condition. When the state considers new qualifying conditions, the Michigan Medical Marihuana Review Panel makes recommendations for or against them. Dr. David Crocker has served on that panel since 2012.
Crocker is a radiologist by training and says he also practiced pain management and palliative care for over a decade. Crocker and his wife, Annette Crocker, who's a registered nurse, moved to Michigan and opened a clinic just after the state's medical marijuana law went into effect in 2008.
"I feel like I've kind of taken a dual3 role here somewhat as a business person secondarily, but primarily [as] kind of an activist4 for the medical marijuana movement," Crocker says.
An opportunity
Some doctors can't sign off on medical marijuana applications. For example, V.A. doctors can't because marijuana is banned under federal law. Other just don't want to get involved. That's where clinics like Crocker's come in.
Crocker doesn't diagnose conditions. He reviews patients' medical records from other doctors. If a patient has a qualifying condition, he signs off on the application.
"We have about 12,000 patients scattered5 between our various offices," he says. "We've done, probably 70 or 80,000 patient exams over the years. Some of those are repeat exams for the same patients."
This year the panel recommended 11 new qualifying conditions, which the Department of Licensing6 and Regulatory Affairs approved. Those conditions include arthritis7, autism, colitis, and obsessive-compulsive disorder8. Crocker voted to approve all of them. He also voted yes on others that failed. More approved conditions mean more potential patients for Crocker, but he says it hasn't played out that way.
"Frankly9 the conditions that we've added haven't added tremendously to our business," he says. "A lot of them are kind of orphan10 conditions. We do have PTSD patients for example, but it's not a large portion of our business. Severe and chronic11 pain has always been 85% or more of the patients we see and that really hasn't changed significantly."
Crocker's LinkedIn page says his clinic saw 40,000 patients in its first seven yearsin business. Based on Crocker's numbers for his current patients, his practice would account for approximately 4% of all of the active medical marijuana cardholders in the state.
"It may sound like a lot, but if you look at a regular primary care specialty12 clinic that sees a lot of patients, same patients over and over again, it's not that outof range," he says.
Dr. Daniel Berland, a professor and physician at the University of Michigan, thinks it's fine for doctors to sit on a state advisory13 panel and certify patients' medical marijuana applications, up to a point.
"When it turns into hundreds of cards, that feels like a conflict of interest. That feels dirty," he says.
Berland's medical practice at U of M includes pain management and addiction14 treatment. We showed him the numbers Crocker has used to describe his workload15. Berland says having that many patients raises questions about the line between treatment and profiteering.
"Let's give the doctor the benefit of the doubt and say he does full history and a full physical exam and a review of records, and then he decides that this is the best treatment," Berland says. "When can you ever imagine that a doctor would prescribe the same treatment for 40,000 patients? OK? Come on, this doesn't happen."
Value to the state
Berland is skeptical16 about marijuana's power to treat such a wide range of conditions, and notes that clinical research on the subject is thin. He also says Crocker lacks the kind of specialty training a doctor should have to make the recommendations the review panel is required to make.
Andrew Brisbo disagrees. He's the director of the Bureau of Medical Marihuana Regulation, which oversees17 the panel. Brisbo believes having a physician like Crocker as a member is a benefit.
"I don't think it presents an inherent conflict of interest that he's part of a group that has prescribed medical marijuana for use in this space," he says. "I think that allows him to bring a certain perspective."
The business model
Crocker and his wife now run four clinics in Southwest Michigan. They've also added two other doctors. Here's the basic business model: A first-time exam costs $200. A renewal18 exam is $150. Again, Crocker estimates the practice has done as many as 80,000 exams.
In an interview for this story, Crocker answered questions about the finances of his business.
DOUG TRIBOU: If you average those two fees, that's something like $14 million in fees. That seems like a pretty big significant number, on one product, to an outsider, Iguess.
DAVID CROCKER: Yeah, no. It’s a big number. It's not accurate, but it's a big number.
DT: Well, what's not accurate about it?
DC: Well, number one, remember that patients renew their cards every two years now and it's been that way for a while. The numbers you threw out there would be misleading at best, I would say, in terms of how much we brought in, but we're not starving.
Crocker says he currently makes less than $200,000 a year.
"A lot of people would consider that to be a lot of money, and it is," he says. "I'm not saying it's not, but I've made a lot more than that in my life doing other things."
When it comes to customers hearing about his clinics, Crocker acknowledges that being on the state panel doesn't hurt.
"It builds trust, right, when you have someone that's involved deeply in a subject," he says.
But after several years in his unpaid19 position on the panel, he'd rather be done.
"You know, I didn't ask for the position," he says. "I would gladly give it up to someone else. I would like to see it go to someone who's educated about cannabis."
If Michigan voters approve the ballot20 measure to legalize recreational marijuana in November, Crocker believes his business will eventually become obsolete21. As an activist, hesays he would welcome that. But Crocker wouldn't be out of options.
He and his wife also own another medical marijuana card clinic – operating on the same business model – in Florida.
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sector
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| n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形 | |
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certify
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| vt.证明，证实；发证书(或执照)给 | |
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dual
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| adj.双的；二重的，二元的 | |
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activist
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| n.活动分子，积极分子 | |
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scattered
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| adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的 | |
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licensing
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| v.批准，许可，颁发执照( license的现在分词 ) | |
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7
arthritis
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| n.关节炎 | |
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disorder
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| n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调 | |
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frankly
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| adv.坦白地，直率地；坦率地说 | |
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orphan
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| n.孤儿；adj.无父母的 | |
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chronic
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| adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的 | |
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specialty
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| n.(speciality)特性，特质；专业，专长 | |
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advisory
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| adj.劝告的，忠告的，顾问的，提供咨询 | |
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addiction
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| n.上瘾入迷，嗜好 | |
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workload
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| n.作业量，工作量 | |
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skeptical
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| adj.怀疑的，多疑的 | |
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oversees
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| v.监督，监视( oversee的第三人称单数 ) | |
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renewal
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| adj.(契约)延期，续订，更新，复活，重来 | |
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unpaid
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| adj.未付款的，无报酬的 | |
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ballot
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| n.（不记名）投票，投票总数，投票权；vi.投票 | |
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obsolete
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| adj.已废弃的，过时的 | |
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