新概念英语第二册 lesson 20 One man in a boat

Lesson 20: One man in a boat独坐孤舟

    First listen and then answer the question.
    听录音，然后回答以下问题。
    Why is fishing the writer's favourite sport?

    Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching¹ anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything -- not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 'You must give up fishing!' my friends say. 'It's a waste of time.' But they don't realize one important thing. I'm not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!

New words and expressions 生词和短语

catch  v. 抓到
fisherman  n. 钓鱼人，渔民
boot  n.  靴子
waste  n. 浪费
realize  v. 意识到

参考译文

钓鱼是我特别喜爱的一项运动。我经常一钓数小时却一无所获，但我从不为此烦恼。有些垂钓者就是不走运，他们往往鱼钓不到，却钓上来些旧靴子和垃圾。我的运气甚至还不及他们。我什么东西也未钓到过 -- 就连旧靴子也没有。我总是在河上呆上整整一上午，然后空着袋子回家。“你可别再钓鱼了！”我的朋友们说，“这是浪费时间。”然而他们没有认识到重要的一点，我并不是真的对钓鱼有兴趣，我感兴趣的只是独坐孤舟，无所事事！

 

　　自学导读
1．I often fish for hours without catching anything. 我经常一钓数小时却一无所获。
without 通常表示“缺乏”、“没有”：
I can't repair the car without your help.
没有你的帮助我无法修理这车。
当它位于动名词前时，它表示“不曾”、“不”：
They tried to leave the restaurant without paying.
他们企图不付账就离开餐馆。
John left the room without telling anyone.
约翰离开房间时不曾告诉任何人。
2．Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. 他们往往鱼钓不到，却钓上来些旧靴子和垃圾。
instead有“作为替代”、“反而”等含义，一般以短语形式instead of出现：
Jack² took part in the race instead of Tony.
杰克代替托尼参加了比赛。
Instead of sugar, he bought some salt.
他没有买糖，而是买了些盐。
副词instead单独使用时一般出现在句尾：
If you don't want a holiday in England, why don't you go to Australia instead?
如果你不想在英国度假，那你为什么不去澳大利亚呢？
3．I am even less lucky. 我的运气甚至还不及他们。
less是little的比较级，意为“不及”、“不如”、“更少”：
Tom has got little chocolate, and Jack has got even less.
汤姆只有一点儿巧克力，杰克则更少。
I spend less time on English than on French.
我花在英语上的时间比花在法语上的少。
（cf. 第8课语法）
4．…I always go home with an empty bag. ……然后空着袋子回家。
with可以表示“有……的”、“持有……的”、“随身带着……”等：
Who's the man with the umbrella?
那个带伞的男人是谁？
Who's the man with the beard?
那个留胡子的男人是谁？
Who's the woman with the little boy?
带着那个小男孩的女人是谁？
5．I'm not really interested in fishing. 我并不是真的对钓鱼有兴趣。
表示“对……感兴趣”一般用be interested in sth. /doing sth.:
Tim is only interested in food.
蒂姆只对食物感兴趣。
I'm interested in collecting stamps.
我对集邮有兴趣。

　　语法 Grammar in use
动名词（The Gerund）（1）
动名词和现在分词的形式完全一样，都是由动词+-ing构成。-ing 形式作名词时称为动名词。从广义上讲，动名词可以代替名词，尽管它像动词一样可带宾语。像名词一样，它可以作主语：
Dancing is fun. I love it.
跳舞有意思，我喜欢跳舞。
Walking quickly is difficult.
走快是很难的。（动名词+副词作主语）
Washing the car makes him dirty.
擦洗汽车把他身上弄脏了。（动名词+宾语作主语）
动名词也可以作宾语或介词宾语：
Mary is keen³ on cooking.
玛丽热衷于烹调。（介词宾语）
Congratulations⁴ on passing your exams!
祝贺你通过考试！
可以带动名词的介词通常有 before，after，instead of，without 等。用介词+动名词结构可以将两个短句合为一句话，或者将一个从句变为动名词结构。动名词的否定式是在它前面直接加not：
Tom always knocks before entering a room.
汤姆在走进一个房间前总要敲门。
He apologized for not writing to you.
他为没给你写信而表示道歉。
动名词也可以用表示完成时的 having +过去分词结构：
You can't leave the restaurant without having paid the bill.
在没有付账之前你不能离开饭店。

　　词汇学习 Word study
1．catch vt.
（1）捉住，逮住，捕获：
The police have caught the thief.
警察已逮住那个小偷。
Have you caught any fish today?
你今天钓到鱼了吗？
（2）抓住，握住：
Tom caught the thief by the arm.
汤姆抓住小偷的胳膊。
Can you catch the ball?
你能接住球吗？
（3）及时赶到，赶上：
I want to catch the eight nineteen(train) to London.
我想赶8点19分的火车去伦敦。
2．realize vt.
（1）实现（希望、目标、愿望等）：
She has realized her hope to be an actress.
她实现了自己当一名演员的愿望。
（2）使变为事实，使发生（常用于被动语态）：
This plan can never be realized.
这个计划永远不可能变成事实。
（3）认识，知道，明白，意识到：
I went into the wrong room without realizing it.
我无意中走错了房间。
I hope you realize that you've made a big mistake.
我希望你明白你已经犯了个大错误。
realize 和understand表示这个意思时有时可以互换，有时则不可以。在上面的例句中，第1句不可用 understand，第2句则可以。又如：
I an did not understand English.
伊恩不懂英语。（不可用 realize）
3．interested与interesting
大多数现在分词和许多过去分词都可以作形容词用。常见的以-ed和-ing结尾的成对的形容词有 excited/ exciting, tired/ tiring, interested/ interesting等。以-ed结尾的形容词常与人称主语连用，表示人的情绪、状态、喜好等；以-ing结尾的形容词则常与非人称主语连用，表明事物的某种特征、性质等：
This story is exciting.
这故事激动人心。
I am excited by the story.
我因这故事而兴奋。
It was an exciting finish.
（比赛的）结尾激动人心。
Sally was very excited because she had never travelled on a train before.
萨莉非常激动，因为她从未乘过火车。
The play was very interesting.
戏很有意思。
Are you interested in plays?
你对戏剧有兴趣吗？

　　练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．关键句型练习答案
A Fishing(1.1); catching(11.1-2); catching(1. 3); having spent(1.5); fishing(1.6); fishing… sitting(1.8); doing (1.9)
C 1 he went out of the restaurant without paying the bill.
2 She bought a pair of boots instead of getting a pair of shoes.
3 She was afraid of spending the night alone.
4 After hearing/having heard the news, she fainted⁵.
5 Think carefully before answering my question.
6 On seeing the plane coming towards me, I dashed⁶ for cover.
2．难点练习答案
1realized  2It's…understand…its  3exciting  4interesting  5exciting  6interested
3．多项选择题答案
1b  2c  3b  4b  5c  6b
7c  8a  9c  10c  11d  12a

　【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★catch　v. 抓到
catch fish,catch thief
catch cold：染上感冒
catch a bus：赶车
catch one's breath⁷：摒住呼吸
catch sight of(see)：看见
catch fire：着火
catch one's eyes：吸引某人注意力
★fisherman　n. 钓鱼人，渔民
★boot　n.　靴子
a pair of boots
★waste　n. 浪费
You are wasting time.
a waste of
It is a waste of time.
★realize　v. 意识到
I realized that I was wrong.
实现，realize one's dream

　　【课文讲解】
fish一般情况下作为不可数名词用
There are a lot of fishes（表示种类）in the sea.
fish(v.)：钓鱼，捕鱼
主语通常由名词和代词充当，以及动词＋ing
for+时间……表示一段时间
for hours=for some hours
without(prep.)
介词后面一定要加宾语
动词＋ing：1.做主语；2.做宾语
anything用在否定句中
without作为状语而出现，表示结果状语
He went out without saying any words.
Without asking for money,the boy went to school.
without 后面的动作是主语来做
(v.)worry sb. The house worried me.
My daughter worried me.
(adj.)be worried about 主语为宾语而感到担心
I was never worried about this.
instead of 后面的词一定是没有做的，可以放在主句后面
without强调没有做某件事，instead of强调这件事没做成而做成了另外一件事
我原准备做……但是后来做了……
I go to school instead of staying at home.
I bought books instead of buying dresses.
less+原级 (不如) : A is less ... than B
spend+时间+在某地：在某地度过……时间
after(conj.)+从句，从句主语必须是主句的主语才能换成下面一种形式
after(prep.)+名词／动词的ing形式
After I go to school,I learned⁸ a lot of knowledge.
After going to school,I learned a lot of knowledge.
with: 带着
without；没带
give up doing/stop doing：放弃做某事
be interested in 主语对什么感兴趣
在船上　in the boat
not at all在否定句中起强调作用

　　【Key structures】
动词＋ing(非谓语动词)可以做主语和宾语
b.　be keen on,be fond of,be interested in,enjoy+动词ing
be afraid of
be up to ,be capable⁹ of
without, instead of
c. I apologize.
apologize for (not) doing sth.
thank you for...
congratulate sb. on doing sth.
Exercises C
1.without
without prep.+ doing
He went out of the restaurant without paying the bill.
2.instead of
She bought a pair of boots instead of getting a pair of shoes.
＝She bought a pair of boots instead of a pair of shoes.
3.of
She was afraid of spending the night alone.
4.after
after＋从句；after prep.+doing
After hearing the news,she fainted.
5.before
Think carefully before answering my question.
在回答我的问题之前，请仔细考虑。
6.on
as soon as 依旧：as soon as I entered...
the moment +从句：the moment I had entered
on prep.+doing
On seeing the plane coming towards me, I dashed for cover.(冲进掩护体)

　　【Special difficulties】
Exercises
1. I realized...意识到
2. ...It's impossible...to understand its meaning
its形容词性物主代词
it's = it is; it作形式主语
3....exciting news...
excited 　感动的
exciting　令人激动的
on the radio 在广播上
Eg.：I got news on the radio.
on TV; on the telephone; on the line
4....an interesting person
interested 感兴趣的
interesting 有趣的
5. ...an exciting life
lead a life 过着...日子
lead a happy life
Eg.；He leads a poor life.
excited 感到激动的
exciting 令人激动的
如果 -ed,-ing 做形容词定语，和被修饰词有关
6....not interested　in ... affairs.
interested　感兴趣的
interesting 有趣的
be interested in 对……感兴趣

　　【Multiple choice question】
2. ...enjoys...C
catching fish 抓鱼
fishing　钓鱼
doing nothing　什么都不做
swimming in the river　在河里游泳
enjoying doing/enjoy + n.
I enjoy books.
I enjoy reading books.
6. ...He has...B
an empty bag
one empty bag
an　指一个，强调名词
one　一个，强调 one
I have a garden.
I have one garden.
强调empty bag
I sent a letter.
I wrote one word.
7. ...That's...C
（that's/the) only 一般加名词
that+从句，从句往往以特殊疑问词引导
that's why
that's when
that's all 那就是一切
That's all(I heard).
That's all I can remember.
the one 指东西
11. ...D
go home 习惯用法
go to the house　语法正确
Where are you going?
Where are you going to?

 

1 catching   

adj.易传染的，有魅力的，迷人的，接住

参考例句：

• There are those who think eczema is catching.有人就是认为湿疹会传染。
• Enthusiasm is very catching.热情非常富有感染力。

2 jack   

n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克

参考例句：

• I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
• He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。

3 keen   

adj.热心的；敏锐的；激烈的；锋利的

参考例句：

• There is keen competition between the two motorcar firms.两家汽车公司之间存在着激烈的竞争。
• The children are mad keen to go to the zoo.孩子们非常想去动物园。

4 congratulations   

n.祝贺；贺词；祝词

参考例句：

• I send you my warmest congratulations on your success. 我对你的成功致以最热烈的祝贺。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Please give her my congratulations when you see her. 见到她时请转达我的祝贺。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 fainted   

v.晕倒，昏倒( faint的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Facer has fainted; this bucket of water should fetch him round. 费塞昏过去了，这桶水可以使他苏醒过来。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• She all but fainted when she heard the news. 听到那消息，她差点晕过去。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 dashed   

n.虚线v.冲，猛冲( dash的过去式和过去分词 )；猛掷， （使）猛撞；匆匆地写或画；打碎

参考例句：

• The minister air-dashed to Delhi because of the parliamentary crisis. 部长因议会危机立刻起程飞往德里。
• We gave him covering fire as he dashed across the clearing. 我们用火掩护他冲过空地。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 breath   

n.呼吸，气息，微风，迹象，精神，一种说话的声音

参考例句：

• I'm just going out for a breath of fresh air.我正要出去呼吸新鲜空气。
• While climbing up the stairs the old man always loses his breath.那老人上楼时总是气喘吁吁的。

8 learned   

adj.有学问的，博学的；learn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He went into a rage when he learned about it.他听到这事后勃然大怒。
• In this little village,he passed for a learned man.在这个小村子里，他被视为有学问的人。

9 capable   

adj.有能力的，有才能的

参考例句：

• The new woman secretary was extremely clever and capable.这位新来的女秘书很是精明强干。
• Jim is capable at sports.吉姆擅长运动。