美国国家公共电台 NPR The Challenges Trump Will Face In Confronting Radical Islam

The Challenges Trump¹ Will Face In Confronting Radical² Islam

RACHEL MARTIN, HOST: 

Donald Trump has said that the number-one threat facing the United States is the following.

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DONALD TRUMP: Radical Islamic terrorism.

MARTIN: Most experts say counterterrorism policy shouldn't target the religion of Islam itself, but Trump is promising³ an especially sweeping⁴ approach to the terrorist threat. NPR's Tom Gjelten reports.

TOM GJELTEN, BYLINE⁵: One of Trump's criticisms of President Obama and of Hillary Clinton was that they seemed reluctant to use the words radical Islam. It was not just semantics. Trump said it's important to name the enemy idea and then attack it. Consider the Cold War. The U.S. and its allies waged a kind of propaganda war against the communist idea using radio broadcasts and other tools. Trump has said he'd do the same against Islamic extremism.

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TRUMP: Just as we won the Cold War in part by exposing the evils of communism and the virtues⁶ of free markets, so, too, must we take on the ideology⁷ of radical Islam.

GJELTEN: But making the argument against communism is one thing. Taking on a religion - even one interpretation⁸ of it - is something else. Trump hasn't had much to say since the election about fighting radical Islam, but his national security adviser⁹, retired¹⁰ Lieutenant¹¹ General Michael Flynn, promotes ideological¹² war on radical Islam in a new book he wrote with Michael Ledeen. In an interview, Ledeen offered this example - George W. Bush should have mentioned Allah back when the U.S. defeated al-Qaida in Iraq.

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MICHAEL LEDEEN: I said Bush should stand up and say, OK, you've been saying all these years that your success demonstrates that Allah supports you, and that is what is responsible for your victories. So what happened here, exactly? Did he change sides? Is he now on our side? Because you've lost.

GJELTEN: The point, Ledeen says, is to challenge Muslim extremists on their religious convictions. But then what?

SHADI HAMID: If we go in and tell Muslims that they are interpreting their religion in the wrong way, the response is obviously going to be, who the heck are you to tell us that?

GJELTEN: Shadi Hamid's new book is "Islamic Exceptionalism." As a Muslim, he acknowledges that Islam is interpreted in especially political ways, but he wonders what can be gained by Donald Trump challenging Islamist ideology.

HAMID: Trump and the people around him are seen in a lot of the Muslim world now as being anti-Muslim. So already people are very suspicious of what the Trump administration has to offer.

GJELTEN: Trump has called for extreme vetting¹³ of Muslim immigrants. He'd also use military force in going after terrorists. His choice to lead the CIA, Congressman¹⁴ Mike Pompeo, said last year that the key line is between Muslims who accept modernity and those who are barbarians¹⁵. We should never be fearful to walk right up to that line, he said, find those on the other side and crush them.

But Will McCants of the Brookings Institution says the U.S. government already attacks groups that target the U.S. As the director of a project on relations with the Islamic world, he asks whether it makes sense to draw the line with violent groups that don't target the U.S.

WILL MCCANTS: Even a step further, are we worried about anybody who advocates for radical social and political change, regardless of whether they use violence or not? If we draw the circle that widely, we end up provoking a number of people to come after us in a way that they would not otherwise.

GJELTEN: Clearly the United States faces a tough adversary¹⁶ with Muslim terrorists. Countering them has been a challenge to the Obama administration, and so it will surely be for the Trump administration. Tom Gjelten, NPR News, Washington.

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 radical   

n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的

参考例句：

• The patient got a radical cure in the hospital.病人在医院得到了根治。
• She is radical in her demands.她的要求十分偏激。

3 promising   

adj.有希望的，有前途的

参考例句：

• The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
• We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。

4 sweeping   

adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的

参考例句：

• The citizens voted for sweeping reforms.公民投票支持全面的改革。
• Can you hear the wind sweeping through the branches?你能听到风掠过树枝的声音吗？

5 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

6 virtues   

美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处

参考例句：

• Doctors often extol the virtues of eating less fat. 医生常常宣扬少吃脂肪的好处。
• She delivered a homily on the virtues of family life. 她进行了一场家庭生活美德方面的说教。

7 ideology   

n.意识形态，(政治或社会的)思想意识

参考例句：

• The ideology has great influence in the world.这种思想体系在世界上有很大的影响。
• The ideal is to strike a medium between ideology and inspiration.我的理想是在意识思想和灵感鼓动之间找到一个折衷。

8 interpretation   

n.解释，说明，描述；艺术处理

参考例句：

• His statement admits of one interpretation only.他的话只有一种解释。
• Analysis and interpretation is a very personal thing.分析与说明是个很主观的事情。

9 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。

10 retired   

adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的

参考例句：

• The old man retired to the country for rest.这位老人下乡休息去了。
• Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.许多退休的人都以从事园艺为嗜好。

11 lieutenant   

n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员

参考例句：

• He was promoted to be a lieutenant in the army.他被提升为陆军中尉。
• He prevailed on the lieutenant to send in a short note.他说动那个副官，递上了一张简短的便条进去。

12 ideological   

a.意识形态的

参考例句：

• He always tries to link his study with his ideological problems. 他总是把学习和自己的思想问题联系起来。
• He helped me enormously with advice on how to do ideological work. 他告诉我怎样做思想工作，对我有很大帮助。

13 vetting   

n.数据检查[核对，核实]v.审查（某人过去的记录、资格等）( vet的现在分词 )；调查；检查；诊疗

参考例句：

• Scripts had to be submitted to Ministry of Information officials for vetting. 必须把脚本提交给信息部官员审查。 来自互联网
• Their purpose in clicking deeper into a site is one of vetting. 他们深入点击网站的目的是一种诊疗。 来自互联网

14 Congressman   

n.（美）国会议员

参考例句：

• He related several anecdotes about his first years as a congressman.他讲述自己初任议员那几年的几则轶事。
• The congressman is meditating a reply to his critics.这位国会议员正在考虑给他的批评者一个答复。

15 barbarians   

n.野蛮人( barbarian的名词复数 )；外国人；粗野的人；无教养的人

参考例句：

• The ancient city of Rome fell under the iron hooves of the barbarians. 古罗马城在蛮族的铁蹄下沦陷了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• It conquered its conquerors, the barbarians. 它战胜了征服者——蛮族。 来自英汉非文学 - 历史

16 adversary   

adj.敌手，对手

参考例句：

• He saw her as his main adversary within the company.他将她视为公司中主要的对手。
• They will do anything to undermine their adversary's reputation.他们会不择手段地去损害对手的名誉。