美国国家公共电台 NPR Defusing The Lure Of Militant Islam In France, Despite Death Threats

 

DAVID GREENE, HOST: 

In January of 2015, radical¹ Islamist gunmen attacked the offices of the French satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo and a Paris kosher supermarket, killing² 17 people. And that was the moment when the destructive threat of radicalization fully³ emerged as a fact of life in France. NPR's Eleanor Beardsley reports on one woman who was already well-versed in it.

ELEANOR BEARDSLEY, BYLINE⁴: I meet 52-year-old Dounia Bouzar in a cafe along Boulevard Saint-Germain. She's enjoying an ice cream sundae while three security guards stand watch. This Muslim anthropologist⁵ has received death threats for unveiling the tactics of Islamist recruiters. Her book, "Defusing Radical Islam," was published a year before the Charlie Hebdo attacks.

DOUNIA BOUZAR: (Through interpreter) When it came out, hundreds of parents of radicalized kids came looking for me because they recognized themselves and their children in my book.

BEARDSLEY: Bouzar started an association and, with the parents, began to develop ways to deal with radicalization. One of the fathers was a policeman and showed them how to bug⁶ their kids' phones and computers. Bouzar says they were able to witness how the recruiters worked.

BOUZAR: (Through interpreter) They had them drop their friends, who were complicit with a corrupt⁷ society; their teachers, who were only paid to indoctrinate them and their parents, who were considered nonbelievers, even if they were Muslim. Their recruiters worked to sever⁸ every emotional and social connection that the kids had. And when nothing was left, they took them over.

BEARDSLEY: In early 2015, Bouzar's organization won a government contract to help parents who called an anti-radicalization hotline. She traveled the country training teams of psychologists, police and other experts. Celine was one of the parents Bouzar's teams helped. Her 19-year-old son had converted to Islam. I spoke⁹ to her from their home in a small Normandy town. She doesn't want to give her last name because she fears for her family.

CELINE: (Through interpreter) All of a sudden, he refused to eat pork or listen to music. And his grades plummeted¹⁰. He had an empty look in his eyes. He was like a robot, and he was always, always on the phone. Worst of all, we found a second Facebook account and saw he was thinking of going to Syria.

BEARDSLEY: Bouzar says, unlike al-Qaida, ISIS tailors its radicalization tactics to individual profiles. For example, girls who radicalize are particularly attracted to the idea of nursing children hurt by the Syrian regime or finding a God-fearing and faithful husband.

BOUZAR: (Through interpreter) For women, there's a kind of myth of an island utopia where no one will be cold or hungry and everything runs on divine law.

BEARDSLEY: Bouzar's method involves re-establishing links between radicalized individuals and their former lives. She counsels parents to try to bring them back in touch with their childhood through old pictures and videos or food. Celine had little success at first, but she persevered¹¹.

CELINE: (Through interpreter) I made all his favorite meals that he loved as a child. I took him to places he liked when he was young. I did everything to reconnect him with his childhood.

BEARDSLEY: Bouzar and her methods have been criticized. Some say her use of allegedly reformed jihadists to break through to radicalized kids is dangerous. Others accuse her of self-promotion. Marik Fetouh is deputy mayor of Bordeaux and in charge of a deradicalization center there.

DEPUTY MAYOR MARIK FETOUH: (Through interpreter) Many say Bouzar's approach is too simplistic because it treats radicalization as brainwashing. But she came forward with real ideas to fight this complex phenomenon when no one else had a clue what to do.

BEARDSLEY: Though she is no longer working with the French government, Bouzar and her teams counseled more than a thousand young people and their parents from Muslim, Catholic and atheist¹² backgrounds. Normandy mother Celine credits Bouzar's methods with saving her son's life. She says he's still a Muslim, but now he's begun to think for himself. And most importantly, she says, he's dropped any plans to go to Syria.

Eleanor Beardsley, NPR News, Paris.

1 radical   

n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的

参考例句：

• The patient got a radical cure in the hospital.病人在医院得到了根治。
• She is radical in her demands.她的要求十分偏激。

2 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

3 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

4 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

5 anthropologist   

n.人类学家，人类学者

参考例句：

• The lecturer is an anthropologist.这位讲师是人类学家。
• The anthropologist unearthed the skull of an ancient human at the site.人类学家在这个遗址挖掘出那块古人类的颅骨。

6 bug   

n.虫子；故障；窃听器；vt.纠缠；装窃听器

参考例句：

• There is a bug in the system.系统出了故障。
• The bird caught a bug on the fly.那鸟在飞行中捉住了一只昆虫。

7 corrupt   

v.贿赂，收买；adj.腐败的，贪污的

参考例句：

• The newspaper alleged the mayor's corrupt practices.那家报纸断言市长有舞弊行为。
• This judge is corrupt.这个法官贪污。

8 sever   

v.切开，割开；断绝，中断

参考例句：

• She wanted to sever all her connections with the firm.她想断绝和那家公司的所有联系。
• We must never sever the cultural vein of our nation.我们不能割断民族的文化血脉。

9 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

10 plummeted   

v.垂直落下，骤然跌落( plummet的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Share prices plummeted to an all-time low. 股票价格暴跌到历史最低点。
• A plane plummeted to earth. 一架飞机一头栽向地面。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 persevered   

v.坚忍，坚持( persevere的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• She persevered with her violin lessons. 她孜孜不倦地学习小提琴。
• Hard as the conditions were, he persevered in his studies. 虽然条件艰苦，但他仍坚持学习。 来自辞典例句

12 atheist   

n.无神论者

参考例句：

• She was an atheist but now she says she's seen the light.她本来是个无神论者，可是现在她说自己的信仰改变了。
• He is admittedly an atheist.他被公认是位无神论者。