美国国家公共电台 NPR How Kitchen Sounds Influence Food Flavor

How Kitchen Sounds Influence Food Flavor

ALLISON AUBREY, HOST: 

Well, it's Christmas Eve and the first night of Hanukkah. For lots of us, this means a festive¹ feast is in the works. If you happen to be listening in the kitchen right now, the sound of us might be drowned out by loud relatives or the cacophony² of kids. And under all that, if you really listen, there's another soundtrack - all the sounds of cooking. Whether it's the sizzle of a holiday roast, the bubble of seasonal³ sauce or the chop of a crunchy veggie, all of these sounds can change the way we experience flavor. Here to explain is Molly Birnbaum and Dan Souza. They're editors of Cook's Science digital magazine, and they've just published an article called "Taste With Your Ears: How Sound Can Change The Way We Eat" (ph).

Thanks for joining us.

MOLLY BIRNBAUM: Thanks for having us.

DAN SOUZA: Yeah, we're excited to be here.

AUBREY: All right. So Molly, I want to start with you. How did you get interested in this intersection⁴ of food and sound?

BIRNBAUM: I actually got interested in this subject in a slightly odd way. About 10 years ago, I was working in restaurants, obsessed⁵ with food, really wanting to spend my life cooking. And I was in a car accident. I fractured the back of my skull⁶ and severed⁷ the olfactory⁸ neurons, which run from the nose to the brain. So in a split second, I lost my sense of smell completely, and flavor is majority smell.

AUBREY: This has got to be a terrible thing for a foodie, somebody who's very food-centered.

BIRNBAUM: It is. I mean, my sense of smell did slowly, slowly come back over the course of the next seven or so years. And during that time, I really started to think about how all of our other senses work together to create flavor. I really learned how to cook using my other senses and how to eat using my other senses.

AUBREY: In the article, you make the case that if we pay attention to all of our senses, hearing in particular, we can become better cooks. Dan, how so? What's an example of this?

SOUZA: So a great example is a recipe that we've done for this is a butter-basted ribeye steak. And it's a great recipe. We've actually built into the recipe auditory cues in place of some of the visual cues we normally use to kind of get people to pay attention more. So when a steak goes into a skillet, it should be a really sharp sizzle.

(SOUNDBITE OF MEAT SIZZLING)

SOUZA: So depending on the temperature of the pan and how much moisture is on the outside of the steak will determine how loud that sizzle is. So if it's kind of dull or kind of muted, it means that the pan is not hot enough. So that's just one example.

We also have some really cool quizzes that we're going to put out on social media that compare the sound of hot water to the sound cold water. And, believe it or not, they actually sound really different. And we also have one where we're using a sharp knife on an onion and a dull knife. And so you can tell a lot about, kind of, the state of your knives, the state of your pan, a lot of what's happening around you in the kitchen.

AUBREY: How does hot water sound different from cold water? That's kind of perplexing.

SOUZA: It is. And it's really simple to try at home as well. So if you have a kettle, bring it to a boil and pour it into a mug.

(SOUNDBITE OF HOT WATER BEING POURED)

SOUZA: And there's a very soft, almost muffled⁹ kind of sound to it, whereas if you pour cold water in the same way, it's much crisper.

(SOUNDBITE OF COLD WATER BEING POURED)

SOUZA: And you'll be surprised that you actually know that even though you haven't thought about it before.

AUBREY: How about really noisy spaces, Molly, whether it's your own kitchen or a loud restaurant? How can noisy spaces influence our taste buds and our appetites?

BIRNBAUM: It's actually surprising how much the noise around you can influence how you perceive the flavor of food. First is how much you eat. People tend to eat more when they're in a noisy environment. The second is it tends to dull some of the taste of the food that you're eating, especially salty and sweet. And the third, which is also interesting and pertains¹⁰ particularly to loud bars, is scientists have found that you have a hard time perceiving how much alcohol is in an alcoholic¹¹ drink when you're in a noisy environment, which means that you might drink more than you want to.

AUBREY: What about music? How does music influence this perception of taste?

SOUZA: Well, there's been some really interesting studies looking at the pitch of music and how it can influence, particularly how you sense sweet and kind of sour, bitter flavors. And we've actually done a really cool recipe that goes along with the story that we just published for a chocolate financier, which is a really butter-rich chocolate, kind of, French brownie. And it's both bitter and sweet. And we have some music links on the site to some of Ben Houge - he's a composer here in Boston - some of his music that make the financier taste either sweeter...

(SOUNDBITE OF BEN HOUGE COMPOSITION)

SOUZA: ...Or more bitter depending on the one you're listening to.

(SOUNDBITE OF BEN HOUGE COMPOSITION)

AUBREY: I will try all of this, probably not this weekend when I will have loud relatives.

(LAUGHTER)

AUBREY: But all of this is really fascinating. Molly Birnbaum and Dan Souza with Cook's Science - their article "Taste With Your Ears" is in the latest issue of the digital magazine. And they also have a book out, "Cook's Science: How To Unlock Flavor In 50 Of Our Favorite Ingredients."

Molly and Dan, happy holidays and happy cooking.

BIRNBAUM: Thanks so much.

SOUZA: Thank you.

1 festive   

adj.欢宴的，节日的

参考例句：

• It was Christmas and everyone was in festive mood.当时是圣诞节，每个人都沉浸在节日的欢乐中。
• We all wore festive costumes to the ball.我们都穿着节日的盛装前去参加舞会。

2 cacophony   

n.刺耳的声音

参考例句：

• All around was bubbling a cacophony of voices.周围人声嘈杂。
• The drivers behind him honked,and the cacophony grew louder.后面的司机还在按喇叭，且那刺耳的声音越来越大。

3 seasonal   

adj.季节的，季节性的

参考例句：

• The town relies on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.这个城镇依靠季节性旅游业提供就业机会。
• The hors d'oeuvre is seasonal vegetables.餐前小吃是应时蔬菜。

4 intersection   

n.交集，十字路口，交叉点；[计算机] 交集

参考例句：

• There is a stop sign at an intersection.在交叉路口处有停车标志。
• Bridges are used to avoid the intersection of a railway and a highway.桥用来避免铁路和公路直接交叉。

5 obsessed   

adj.心神不宁的,鬼迷心窍的,沉迷的

参考例句：

• He's obsessed by computers. 他迷上了电脑。
• The fear of death obsessed him throughout his old life. 他晚年一直受着死亡恐惧的困扰。

6 skull   

n.头骨；颅骨

参考例句：

• The skull bones fuse between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five.头骨在15至25岁之间长合。
• He fell out of the window and cracked his skull.他从窗子摔了出去，跌裂了颅骨。

7 severed   

v.切断，断绝( sever的过去式和过去分词 )；断，裂

参考例句：

• The doctor said I'd severed a vessel in my leg. 医生说我割断了腿上的一根血管。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• We have severed diplomatic relations with that country. 我们与那个国家断绝了外交关系。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 olfactory   

adj.嗅觉的

参考例句：

• He is to develop a sensor to substitute for the olfactory abilities of dogs.克罗克将研制一种传感器用以代替狗的嗅觉功能。
• Based on these findings, Keller suspects that each person has an olfactory blind spot.根据这些发现，凯勒推断，每个人都有一个嗅觉盲区。

9 muffled   

adj.（声音）被隔的；听不太清的；（衣服）裹严的；蒙住的v.压抑，捂住( muffle的过去式和过去分词 )；用厚厚的衣帽包着（自己）

参考例句：

• muffled voices from the next room 从隔壁房间里传来的沉闷声音
• There was a muffled explosion somewhere on their right. 在他们的右面什么地方有一声沉闷的爆炸声。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 pertains   

关于( pertain的第三人称单数 )； 有关； 存在； 适用

参考例句：

• When one manages upward, none of these clear and unambiguous symbols pertains. 当一个人由下而上地管理时，这些明确无误的信号就全都不复存在了。
• Her conduct hardly pertains to a lady. 她的行为与女士身份不太相符。

11 alcoholic   

adj.（含）酒精的，由酒精引起的；n.酗酒者

参考例句：

• The alcoholic strength of brandy far exceeds that of wine.白兰地的酒精浓度远远超过葡萄酒。
• Alcoholic drinks act as a poison to a child.酒精饮料对小孩犹如毒药。