美国国家公共电台 NPR History, Horchata And Hope: How Classic Kiosks Are Boosting Lisbon's Public Life

History, Horchata And Hope: How Classic Kiosks Are Boosting Lisbon's Public Life

RENEE MONTAGNE, HOST:

Today we continue with our new season of Hidden Kitchens: War and Peace and Food. This morning, The Kitchen Sisters, Nikki Silva and Davia Nelson, take us to the plazas² of Lisbon, Portugal, where small kiosks once served food, drink and conversation.

Those kiosks had been abandoned for decades under a dictatorship that suppressed public gatherings⁴. Now food entrepreneurs are drawing people back to public spaces by deploying⁵ The Kiosk Strategy.

CATARINA PORTAS: In the beginning, it was called The Elegant, the official name. But people started calling the kiosk La Boia. Like you have in the boats a buoy⁶, the kiosk could save people with a drink (laughter). Lisbon can be quite hot in the summer. The kiosk would offer refreshment⁷ when people would go around town.

JOAO REGAL: This kiosk has been here forever, for nearly 100 years old, part of a trend of creating these Art Noveau kiosks as an elegant place to go for drinks. This kiosk is bright pink, Moorish-influenced design. My name is Joao Regal. I'm an architect. Catarina Portas and I run quiosques de refrescos, the refreshment kiosk.

PORTAS: The main reason I started a kiosk is because I walk a lot around the city. And so I was seeing in front of me, in the middle of the street, in gardens, in squares these sad, closed structures. From the 19th to the 20th century, there were, like, 100 different kiosks in Lisbon. The city was full of them.

The idea was brought from Paris. I start to think - how could we bring this to our times? My name is Catarina Portas. We have four kiosks and (speaking Portuguese⁸), some shops that sell traditional products from old Portuguese companies.

MIGUEL MUSHADINO: My name is Miguel Mushadino, 26 years old. I work in the kiosk in night shift from 5 to 2 a.m. That woman, you can see that she's a tourist. Then we have a famous Portuguese actress. Then you have the guy with the dreadlocks. Those people that you are seeing here in the tables, they are the locals - come here every day.

Sometimes people are even ashamed, but they just have money for one coffee. I know a lot of people, they are passing a hard time because of the crisis, yeah. It scares me a little bit. A lot of friends of mine, they are already going to other countries because even our prime minister is asking us to go away.

TIM SIEBER: Portugal is one of the poor countries on the edge of Europe, on the margins⁹. The salaries there have been about a third of what the European Union average is. I'm Tim Sieber, professor of anthropology¹⁰ at the University of Massachusetts Boston. I research life in cities. Lisbon has a strong culture of public places, third places, you might call them - cafes, restaurants, beautiful plazas.

MARINA TAVARES DIAS: Just like Paris, we were a city of cafes. Kiosks played a very important role in the street life of Lisbon. My name is Marina Tavares Dias. I write books about the history of Lisbon. In the beginning of the 20th century, kiosks had a bit of everything - newspapers, lottery¹¹, food, drinks. You'll always meet somebody you know because you are in the center, outdoors.

(SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "UMA CASA PORTUGUESA")

AMALIA RODRIGUES: Casa Portuguesa.

SIEBER: In the 1920s, Antonio Salazar came into power for almost half a century. He introduced a right-wing, dictatorial¹² regime, the Estado Novo. He didn't like intellectual debate, public gatherings, cafe culture. These were things that Salazar thought undermined what it was to be really Portuguese.

(SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "UMA CASA PORTUGUESA")

RODRIGUES: (Singing in Portuguese).

ELLEN SAPEGA: My name is Ellen Sapega, professor of Portuguese at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. In the 1980s, Portugal joins the European Union. People wanted to get rid of the stuffiness¹³ of the Estado Novo and to embrace a more modern idea of Portugal. The European money is coming in, the easy credit. And that's the time when global brands and fast food restaurants enter into Portugal. There were urban renewal¹⁴ projects. The kiosk would not fit into certain strategies of modernization¹⁵.

REGAL: Gradually, the old kiosks just shut down. They'd become dirty places and not so proper. They were not elegant anymore.

(SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "O SILENCIO DA GUITARRA")

MARIZA: (Singing in Portuguese).

PORTAS: There was this contest from the city council asking for proposals to reopen the kiosk.

REGAL: We went to the city council with amazing photographs of the old kiosk. And we prepared all the old drinks and made them taste the drinks.

PORTAS: (Laughter) That convinced them.

REGAL: Our parents and grandparents used to drink these natural drinks, handmade, and you can't find them anymore. Why is that?

Some of the recipes are one, 200 years old.

UNIDENTIFIED MAN: (Speaking Portuguese).

REGAL: Perfumed milk with cinnamon and lemon, any fusion¹⁶ made out of maiden¹⁷ leaves with orange blossom.

UNIDENTIFIED MAN: Horchata.

REGAL: Horchata, made out of almond.

UNIDENTIFIED MAN: Ginge con¹ ellas.

REGAL: It's called ginge.

PORTAS: It's a liquor with ginger¹⁸. You drink it in very, very small glasses. The person who is serving that always asks (speaking Portuguese), with her or without her? With her is with the cherry in the glass.

JOSE SA FERNANDES: My name is Jose Sa Fernandes, Lisbon city councilor of environment. The Kiosk Strategy is a way people begin to use the squares and the gardens nobody used. The idea is to put some small kiosks to serve refrescos, more people in the places, more secure are the places.

SAPEGA: In the neighborhood where I live in Lisbon, a kiosk opened about four years ago. This was a neighborhood that probably never would have had a kiosk before. There was a garden, but it was in a state of neglect.

The day they opened was a hot day in the beginning of the summer. And all of a sudden, the lights came on. And you could see everybody from the neighborhood drawn¹⁹ into the garden. The kiosk immediately became the gathering³ place.

MUSHADINO: I see a lot of old people here. They lived in Salazar's season, and because of the kiosk, they are starting to accept more the others.

REGAL: Now we're heading to Praca Das Flores, the Flower Square, in central Lisbon. It's a quiet little square where all the old ladies go. They leave notes for each other on the kiosk. They leave the keys. They feel it's theirs, The Kiosk Strategy (laughter).

MONTAGNE: The Kiosk Strategy was produced by The Kitchen Sisters and mixed by Jim McKee. You can hear more Kitchen Sisters stories on their podcast, "Fugitive²⁰ Waves."

1 con   

n.反对的观点，反对者，反对票，肺病；vt.精读，学习，默记；adv.反对地，从反面；adj.欺诈的

参考例句：

• We must be fair and consider the reason pro and con.我们必须公平考虑赞成和反对的理由。
• The motion is adopted non con.因无人投反对票，协议被通过。

2 plazas   

n.（尤指西班牙语城镇的）露天广场( plaza的名词复数 )；购物中心

参考例句：

• At focal points, there are seating plazas as rest points for users. 在主要主景点上，有空间较大的广场提供休息的地方。 来自互联网
• Such products are suitable for lighting and decoration of plazas, courtyards, parks, residential district and roadside. 本产品适合于广场、庭院，公园、小区草坪和道路的装饰和照明。 来自互联网

3 gathering   

n.集会，聚会，聚集

参考例句：

• He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
• He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。

4 gatherings   

聚集( gathering的名词复数 )； 收集； 采集； 搜集

参考例句：

• His conduct at social gatherings created a lot of comment. 他在社交聚会上的表现引起许多闲话。
• During one of these gatherings a pupil caught stealing. 有一次，其中一名弟子偷窃被抓住。

5 deploying   

（尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy的现在分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用

参考例句：

• Provides support for developing and deploying distributed, component-based applications. 为开发和部署基于组件的分布式应用程序提供支持。
• Advertisement, publishing, repair, and install-on-demand are all available when deploying your application. 在部署应用程序时提供公布、发布、修复和即需即装功能。

6 buoy   

n.浮标；救生圈；v.支持，鼓励

参考例句：

• The party did little to buoy up her spirits.这次聚会并没有让她振作多少。
• The buoy floated back and forth in the shallow water.这个浮标在浅水里漂来漂去。

7 refreshment   

n.恢复，精神爽快，提神之事物；（复数）refreshments:点心，茶点

参考例句：

• He needs to stop fairly often for refreshment.他须时不时地停下来喘口气。
• A hot bath is a great refreshment after a day's work.在一天工作之后洗个热水澡真是舒畅。

8 Portuguese   

n.葡萄牙人；葡萄牙语

参考例句：

• They styled their house in the Portuguese manner.他们仿照葡萄牙的风格设计自己的房子。
• Her family is Portuguese in origin.她的家族是葡萄牙血统。

9 margins   

边( margin的名词复数 )； 利润； 页边空白； 差数

参考例句：

• They have always had to make do with relatively small profit margins. 他们不得不经常设法应付较少的利润额。
• To create more space between the navigation items, add left and right margins to the links. 在每个项目间留更多的空隙，加左或者右的margins来定义链接。

10 anthropology   

n.人类学

参考例句：

• I believe he has started reading up anthropology.我相信他已开始深入研究人类学。
• Social anthropology is centrally concerned with the diversity of culture.社会人类学主要关于文化多样性。

11 lottery   

n.抽彩；碰运气的事，难于算计的事

参考例句：

• He won no less than ￡5000 in the lottery.他居然中了5000英镑的奖券。
• They thought themselves lucky in the lottery of life.他们认为自己是变幻莫测的人生中的幸运者。

12 dictatorial   

adj. 独裁的，专断的

参考例句：

• Her father is very dictatorial.她父亲很专横。
• For years the nation had been under the heel of a dictatorial regime.多年来这个国家一直在独裁政权的铁蹄下。

13 stuffiness   

n.不通风，闷热；不通气

参考例句：

• Open the windows. We cannot stand the stuffiness of the room. 把窗子打开。我们不能忍受这间屋子里的窒闷。 来自互联网
• Chest pain and stuffiness, palpitation, ischemia of coronary artery, asthma, hiccup, etc. 胸痛、胸闷、心悸、冠状动脉供血不足，哮喘、呃逆等。 来自互联网

14 renewal   

adj.(契约)延期，续订，更新，复活，重来

参考例句：

• Her contract is coming up for renewal in the autumn.她的合同秋天就应该续签了。
• Easter eggs symbolize the renewal of life.复活蛋象征新生。

15 modernization   

n.现代化，现代化的事物

参考例句：

• This will help us achieve modernization.这有助于我们实现现代化。
• The Chinese people are sure to realize the modernization of their country.中国人民必将实现国家现代化。

16 fusion   

n.溶化；熔解；熔化状态，熔和；熔接

参考例句：

• Brass is formed by the fusion of copper and zinc. 黄铜是通过铜和锌的熔合而成的。
• This alloy is formed by the fusion of two types of metal.这种合金是用两种金属熔合而成的。

17 maiden   

n.少女，处女；adj.未婚的，纯洁的，无经验的

参考例句：

• The prince fell in love with a fair young maiden.王子爱上了一位年轻美丽的少女。
• The aircraft makes its maiden flight tomorrow.这架飞机明天首航。

18 ginger   

n.姜，精力，淡赤黄色；adj.淡赤黄色的；vt.使活泼，使有生气

参考例句：

• There is no ginger in the young man.这个年轻人没有精神。
• Ginger shall be hot in the mouth.生姜吃到嘴里总是辣的。

19 drawn   

v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的

参考例句：

• All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
• Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。

20 fugitive   

adj.逃亡的，易逝的；n.逃犯，逃亡者

参考例句：

• The police were able to deduce where the fugitive was hiding.警方成功地推断出那逃亡者躲藏的地方。
• The fugitive is believed to be headed for the border.逃犯被认为在向国境线逃窜。