美国国家公共电台 NPR All U.S. Blood Donations Should Be Screened For Zika, FDA Says

All U.S. Blood Donations Should Be Screened For Zika, FDA Says 

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The Food and Drug Administration today dramatically expanded its recommendations for protecting the blood supply from the Zika virus. The FDA says all blood donated anywhere in the United States should be screened for Zika. NPR health correspondent Rob Stein is with us now to explain this development. Hey there, Rob.

ROB STEIN, BYLINE²: Oh, hey - hey.

MCEVERS: So the FDA already had been recommending that some blood donations be screened for the Zika virus. Tell us a little more about what was already going on and what's new here.

STEIN: Yeah, you know, we've known for a while that Zika could be transmitted through a blood transfusion³. And because of that, the FDA's been recommending that blood centers turn away anyone who recently traveled to a place where the virus is spreading. And the FDA has also been telling places where the virus is - they know it's spreading through mosquitoes, like Florida and Puerto Rico, that they should test all blood donors⁵. And some other places have been doing it voluntarily just to be on the safe side, some of the southern states.

But what the FDA is now saying is that all blood that's donated anywhere, any part of the country, should be screened for the Zika virus. And we're talking about - you know, we're talking about a million units of blood every month.

MCEVERS: Why? I mean, what prompted the FDA to want such a huge expansion of the screening of blood for Zika?

STEIN: So the FDA is basically saying we've hit kind of a tipping point with Zika in the United States. You know, we now have - you know, at least a couple thousand travelers have come into the country infected with the virus. There's this huge outbreak that's going on right now in nearby Puerto Rico. And we have these small clusters of infections that are being spread by mosquitoes in Florida, in a couple of neighborhoods in Miami.

And so you know, there's a lot of concern that, you know, most people who have the Zika virus don't even know it. They have no symptoms. And we know the virus can be spread through sexual transmission. So there's a lot of concern that pregnant women could get infected through a blood transfusion or through sexual contact with somebody who got infected through a blood transfusion.

MCEVERS: Explain that a little bit more.

STEIN: So, you know, as I said, you know, the biggest risk for Zika is to pregnant women. That's the biggest concern is that we know that Zika can cause miscarriages⁶ when women get infected when they're pregnant. We know that it can cause this terrible birth defect called microcephaly. That's where babies are born with, you know, really small heads and sometimes severely⁷ damaged brains.

And so the concern is that that may only be the - kind of the tip of the iceberg⁸. There's also concerns that even babies that are born that seem healthy are not OK. They might end up with other kinds of problems like blindness or deafness or developmental problems down the road. We just don't know with Zika because it's just so new.

MCEVERS: So has anyone gotten infected with Zika through a blood transfusion?

STEIN: So we know that there's been at least a couple of cases that have been documented in Brazil, where this all started. So far, we don't know of any cases in the United States where someone got infected through a blood transfusion, but there was at least one case in Florida where a blood donor⁴ did test positive for the virus. Now, that blood donation was discarded so it never made its way into the blood supply, but there are several other possible cases that are under investigation⁹ we don't know about yet. And we do know that in Puerto Rico, at least 1 percent of the blood donors have been testing positive for Zika.

MCEVERS: So quickly, how is all this testing of the blood going to work?

STEIN: So the FDA says that 11 states, the ones that are considered at highest risk, should start as soon as possible, within four weeks. And most of those states are in the South. You know, that makes sense. They're states that are where the mosquito that spreads the virus are most common, like Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico and South Carolina and Texas. But there are a couple other states on that list - California and New York. That's because those are states where a lot of travelers that come in infected with the virus.

MCEVERS: That's NPR's health correspondent, Rob Stein. Thanks very much.

STEIN: Oh, sure, nice to be here.

1 browser   

n.浏览者

参考例句：

• View edits in a web browser.在浏览器中看编辑的效果。
• I think my browser has a list of shareware links.我想在浏览器中会有一系列的共享软件链接。

2 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

3 transfusion   

n.输血，输液

参考例句：

• She soon came to her senses after a blood transfusion.输血后不久她就苏醒了。
• The doctor kept him alive by a blood transfusion.医生靠输血使他仍然活着。

4 donor   

n.捐献者；赠送人；(组织、器官等的)供体

参考例句：

• In these cases,the recipient usually takes care of the donor afterwards.在这类情况下，接受捐献者以后通常会照顾捐赠者。
• The Doctor transplanted the donor's heart to Mike's chest cavity.医生将捐赠者的心脏移植进麦克的胸腔。

5 donors   

n.捐赠者( donor的名词复数 )；献血者；捐血者；器官捐献者

参考例句：

• Please email us to be removed from our active list of blood donors. 假如你想把自己的名字从献血联系人名单中删去，请给我们发电子邮件。
• About half this amount comes from individual donors and bequests. 这笔钱大约有一半来自个人捐赠及遗赠。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 miscarriages   

流产( miscarriage的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Miscarriages are usually caused by abnormal chromosome patterns in the fetus. 流产通常是因为胎儿的染色体异常造成的。
• Criminals go unpunishedareconvicted and are miscarriages of justice. 罪犯会逍遥法外，法律会伤及无辜，审判不公时有发生。

7 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

8 iceberg   

n.冰山，流冰，冷冰冰的人

参考例句：

• The ship hit an iceberg and went under.船撞上一座冰山而沉没了。
• The glacier calved a large iceberg.冰河崩解而形成一个大冰山。

9 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。