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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
KELLY MCEVERS, HOST:
Cambodia 1975 - the U.S. has been secretly bombing the country for years as part of its war with Vietnam. Then comes the Khmer Rouge1, a brutal2 communist regime whose goal was to deport3 an entire nation to the countryside and form an agrarian4 utopia. But that experiment failed. People were forced to work, were tortured, starved and executed. In the end, around a quarter of the country's population, roughly 2 million people, died.
Loung Ung survived the Khmer Rouge genocide and wrote about her experience in the book "First They Killed My Father." Now there's a Netflix film that's based on the book and directed by Angelina Jolie. I talked to them both this week, and we started by talking about Angelina Jolie's first trip to Cambodia to film "Tomb Raider" 16 years ago.
ANGELINA JOLIE: Well, I went into Cambodia like many people in America. I didn't know what I should have known. I wasn't educated properly, and I felt very ignorant. And one day I was off work and went for a little walk and bought a $2 book on a street corner. And it was Loung's book. And it was through that book that I really understood what had happened, and I was drawn5 to the way that she'd written it through the eyes of a child, through the experience of a little girl.
MCEVERS: Loung, you were 5 years old. You were living with your parents and your six brothers and sisters in the capital Phnom Penh in 1975 when the Khmer Rouge came and basically emptied the city. Where did you think you were going, and where did you and your family end up?
LOUNG UNG: I had no idea where we were going. When the soldiers - the Khmer soldiers - came in in their trucks with black shirts and pants and carrying guns and grenades on their belts and also wearing huge smiles and screaming to the people the war was over, the war was over and to pack as little as we could to sustain us for three days, I completely believed that we could come back in three days. And my family and I eventually ended up at various different work camps, moving from one work camp to another. And it didn't matter if you were 6 or 60. You worked.
(SOUNDBITE OF FILM, "FIRST THEY KILLED MY FATHER")
UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #1: (As character, speaking Khmer).
UNG: You built trenches6. You digged dams. You grew food to support a war you didn't want, didn't know about. And we had no say in it at all.
MCEVERS: And at first your family was able to stay together. That of course changed. Your older siblings7 - your two brothers and your sister I think were sent away to one camp for teenagers, and then you and the younger siblings stayed with your parents. I wonder if you could tell us about the day that your father - they told that he was going to help them with something.
UNG: Yes. This is a little over a year into the Khmer Rouge rule. And we didn't know what was going on. We didn't know what was happening, but we did notice that people were starting to disappear in the village. So we knew something was up. But my child's heart didn't want to know any of this until the soldiers - two of them came to collect my father. And they had, again, guns, and they came in and asked my father for his name - by his name and said that they needed him to go and remove an ox cart stuck in the mud.
(SOUNDBITE OF FILM, "FIRST THEY KILLED MY FATHER")
UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #2: (As character, speaking Khmer).
UNG: And I remember very clearly that my father went into the hut and talked to my mother and then how she sobbed8. And she cried in a way I've never heard her cry before. And then when he came out of the hut, one by one, he picked up my brothers and sister in his arms. And when it was my turn, I had the instinct of heart to wrap my arms around his neck and to rest my face next to his cheek and just knowing that I would never see him again. And he walked off into the sunset with the soldiers on either side of him.
MCEVERS: I mean this movie relives so much of this, these moments. And you were on the set when these scenes were being shot. What was that like for you?
UNG: Well, there were many moments of sadness and anxiety and fear. It would be impossible not to - to see your life and also to realize that it wasn't just you. It's much bigger than you. This was all of our experiences - everybody on the set, all the Cambodians.
There were many, many hard times, but the hardest experiences for me were not reliving and watching the war scenes but the very first scene of the family sitting together at a dinner table and just having an absolutely lovely, normal time that we all take for granted. I don't have images. I don't have pictures of times like this with my family. So to see them do it on screen in some way was - it brought them back to life for me. I could see my family sitting like that.
MCEVERS: The film is in Khmer. It's the Cambodian language. It's an all-Cambodian cast and crew. You shot it in Cambodia, which is actually not always an easy thing to do. A lot of these films are shot in places like Thailand or elsewhere - films like this. Angelina, I wanted to ask; does that mean that you made this film for Cambodians and not necessarily for a Western audience?
JOLIE: Well, for, yes - but more than that, with. I wanted to bring the tools and make it possible. And this is their film, their story. It would only be possible if the people there wanted to participate, and it would only be as good as they decided9 to give.
MCEVERS: 'Cause this is not a part of history that all Cambodians and certainly not all Cambodian officials and leaders like to talk about. I mean was it difficult to get the permission, and how did you do it?
JOLIE: I think we weren't sure we were going to get it. You know, Loung and I first went to Rithy Panh, who is the great Cambodian director...
MCEVERS: Yes.
JOLIE: ...And ask him to work with us. And so the three of us would kind of step lightly into the country and talk to all the necessary people to explain over and over this was not about pointing fingers. This is a film coming from a lot of love, people who love this country. But yes, it's very sensitive. Many of our crewmembers are survivors10 of war. So...
MCEVERS: Yeah.
JOLIE: To recreate these things, to have Khmer soldiers marching over a bridge...
MCEVERS: Right.
JOLIE: ...In an area where people are not used to film, the amount of awareness11 you have to do, the amount of talking, the amount of therapists on set - would it be cathartic12, or would it go badly? And it's to the resilience and the openness of the Cambodian people that it went well. And it was cathartic, and I was honored to witness them make it.
MCEVERS: Loung, you and four of your siblings survived the Khmer Rouge. But then after the film ends, you know, your life continued. Two of you made it to the U.S. The others stayed in Cambodia. I guess I wonder how your siblings feel about this film.
UNG: They've seen it multiple times. They can't stop watching it. And they love the moments of joy and beauty and grace. I think because of our experience, they went into it fearful of the genocide and the Khmers and the wars. And they came out grateful for the moments of flowers blooming and sisters holding hands. And all those moments made the film very, very uplifting and not at all dark and tragic13. But really, it is a story of family and resiliency and the human spirit able to survive and to thrive years after the war.
MCEVERS: Loung Ung and Angelina Jolie, thank you both very much.
JOLIE: Thank you.
UNG: Thank you.
MCEVERS: The film is called "First They Killed My Father." It's out on Netflix this Friday.
收听单词发音 |
1
rouge
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| n.胭脂，口红唇膏；v.(在…上)擦口红 | |
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2
brutal
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| adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的 | |
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3
deport
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| vt.驱逐出境 | |
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4
agrarian
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| adj.土地的，农村的，农业的 | |
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5
drawn
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| v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的 | |
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6
trenches
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| 深沟，地沟( trench的名词复数 )； 战壕 | |
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7
siblings
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| n.兄弟，姐妹( sibling的名词复数 ) | |
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8
sobbed
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| 哭泣，啜泣( sob的过去式和过去分词 )； 哭诉，呜咽地说 | |
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9
decided
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| adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的 | |
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10
survivors
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| 幸存者，残存者，生还者( survivor的名词复数 ) | |
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11
awareness
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| n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智 | |
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12
cathartic
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| adj.宣泄情绪的；n.泻剂 | |
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13
tragic
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| adj.悲剧的，悲剧性的，悲惨的 | |
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