美国国家公共电台 NPR U.S. Tries To Derail WHO Resolution Endorsing Breastfeeding

 

DAVID GREENE, HOST:

A resolution on breastfeeding was expected to easily be approved by government delegates who had gathered in Geneva for the United Nations-affiliated World Health Assembly. The resolution said mother's milk is the healthiest for children and that countries should try and limit misleading marketing¹ of breast milk substitutes. But then the delegation² from the United States threw a wrench³ into things. That's according to a report in The New York Times. The reporting says that the U.S. tried to water down this resolution and reportedly turned to threats against the country that planned to introduce it, Ecuador. Patti Rundall is the policy director of the British advocacy group Baby Milk Action, and she joins me on the line.

Good morning.

PATTI RUNDALL: Good morning.

GREENE: So could we start by just - if you could, tell me why this resolution was so important. Why did you want the World Health Assembly to approve it?

RUNDALL: Well, ever since the World Health Assembly recognized the importance of having a global resolution to - and a global guide - we call it the international code of marketing - that's meant to help governments control the harmful marketing - that was adopted in 1981. And so every two years, we actually go along to the World Health Assembly and help governments and show them reports of monitoring of what's going on. And every two years, more or less, there's been new resolutions that actually bring everything up-to-date and make sure that what the governments are doing is on target to meet scientific and marketing developments. So...

GREENE: It sounds like this is really important. I mean, it's really been a problem in - around the world to have misleading marketing suggesting that substitutes are as good as mother's milk.

RUNDALL: Absolutely. It's - like, it always was. I mean, when people started to wake up to the whole idea that there was something called commerciogenic malnutrition⁴ - I don't think people thought about it very much, that actually, marketing could mislead people to the extent that you would actually have babies dying. I mean, when I first started in this in 1980, it was 1.5 million babies dying every year.

GREENE: Wow.

RUNDALL: ...And many more millions actually not - are sick and not reaching their full potential.

GREENE: Well, that gives you a sense for how - I mean, what's at stake here. So I'm just wondering - I mean, how caught off guard were you by this move from the United States to resist this resolution?

RUNDALL: Well, if I'm really honest, it's always been the way that - actually, since the word go in the Reagan administration. They were the only country to vote against it in 1981. But ever since the Clinton administration, there was sort of consensus⁵ on this, and you actually had the U.S. softening⁶ their approach and just going along with things. They would do things - you know, you'd never rely on them for doing something good, but you certainly - you wouldn't get this really harsh approach that we're seeing now in the last year or - you know, it's really terrible. It's like...

GREENE: And just - I mean, we don't have - we only have seconds left. But is it all about protecting manufacturers of substitutes or is the story more complicated?

RUNDALL: Absolutely, and stopping - it's all about trading and trading goods that really are misleadingly marketed. So they're marketed almost as if they are infant formula for babies, which is important and is something good. These are look-alike products that are not correct for babies, and they're fueling the obesity⁷ epidemic⁸ (ph) and undermining breastfeeding. So it's terribly important that they're marketed properly, and that's what WHO and all the health community want to happen.

GREENE: Patti Rundall is the policy director for Baby Milk Action in Britain. Thanks a lot for your time.

RUNDALL: Thanks.

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1 marketing   

n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西

参考例句：

• They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
• He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。

2 delegation   

n.代表团；派遣

参考例句：

• The statement of our delegation was singularly appropriate to the occasion.我们代表团的声明非常适合时宜。
• We shall inform you of the date of the delegation's arrival.我们将把代表团到达的日期通知你。

3 wrench   

v.猛拧；挣脱；使扭伤；n.扳手；痛苦，难受

参考例句：

• He gave a wrench to his ankle when he jumped down.他跳下去的时候扭伤了足踝。
• It was a wrench to leave the old home.离开这个老家非常痛苦。

4 malnutrition   

n.营养不良

参考例句：

• In Africa, there are a lot of children suffering from severe malnutrition.在非洲有大批严重营养不良的孩子。
• It is a classic case of malnutrition. 这是营养不良的典型病例。

5 consensus   

n.(意见等的)一致，一致同意，共识

参考例句：

• Can we reach a consensus on this issue?我们能在这个问题上取得一致意见吗？
• What is the consensus of opinion at the afternoon meeting?下午会议上一致的意见是什么？

6 softening   

变软，软化

参考例句：

• Her eyes, softening, caressed his face. 她的眼光变得很温柔了。它们不住地爱抚他的脸。 来自汉英文学 - 家（1-26） - 家（1-26）
• He might think my brain was softening or something of the kind. 他也许会觉得我婆婆妈妈的，已经成了个软心肠的人了。

7 obesity   

n.肥胖，肥大

参考例句：

• One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
• Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。

8 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。