美国国家公共电台 NPR Native Americans Propose Change To Yellowstone Landmark Names

 

MICHEL MARTIN, HOST:

There is a movement to change the names of two landmarks¹ in Yellowstone National Park, the nation's oldest national park. And that is bringing to light long buried atrocities². Yellowstone Public Radio's Nate Hegyi has this report. And this is where I want to mention that some of the details are disturbing.

NATE HEGYI, BYLINE³: On a cold January day more than a century ago, U.S. troops massacred nearly 200 Piikani people on a Montana riverbank. A few were young men...

STANLEY CHARLES GRIER: The rest were women and children and old folks. It's hard to imagine.

HEGYI: That's Chief Stanley Charles Grier of the Piikani nation in Alberta, Canada. And the people killed were his ancestors. Accounts of the massacre⁴ are brutal⁵. Soldiers killed a mother breastfeeding her baby. They shot sick people hiding under blankets.

GRIER: Survivors⁶ were basically executed by axes, and that's pretty barbaric.

HEGYI: And the man who helped perpetrate this massacre was Army Lieutenant⁷ Gustavus Doane. He was 29 years old then. In photos, he's wearing a soldier's uniform with combed black hair and a massive waxed mustache. Doane later went on to explore parts of Yellowstone, and his compatriots named Mount Doane after him. The name stuck. But for Chief Stanley Charles Grier, Mount Doane is a celebration of violence perpetrated against his people.

GRIER: Doane led that attack and fully⁸ implemented⁹ the massacre. As a result of that, we feel that's an atrocity¹⁰ to humanity. And it's, essentially¹¹, a war crime.

HEGYI: Massacres¹² like this were a major part of colonizing¹³ the West. And the men, like Gustavus Doane, who perpetrated them were sometimes honored with mountains, valleys and towns. Take Army General William Harney. He was nicknamed Woman Killer¹⁴ after he helped massacre nearly 100 Lakota. But a mountain named after him was renamed in 2016. And now, tribes are trying to do something similar in Yellowstone. Last September, leaders from across North America gathered there.

(SOUNDBITE OF CHANTING)

HEGYI: A couple rode horses, and some wore cowboy hats. They were there asking the federal government to change the name of Mount Doane to First Peoples Mountain. They also want to rename the iconic Hayden Valley. The person it's named after was one of the first surveyors of Yellowstone, Ferdinand Hayden. He compiled a geological survey that called for the extermination¹⁵ of American Indians.

GRIER: He basically incited¹⁶ this hatred¹⁷ towards indigenous¹⁸ peoples at that time in his policies and his written statements.

HEGYI: But, earlier this year, Park County commissioners¹⁹ in Wyoming voted against changing Mount Doane and Hayden Valley. They said people there like the names. They're used to them.

JAKE FULKERSON: This has nothing to do with the Native Americans.

HEGYI: That's Jake Fulkerson, one of the commissioners.

FULKERSON: There was one article that we saw that said commissioners against the Indians or something. And that's garbage.

HEGYI: Fulkerson says the whole issue is overblown. But he and the other county commissioners don't make the ultimate decision. They can only make a recommendation to a federal body that will. It's called the U.S. Board On Geographic²⁰ Names. And Lou Yost is the guy in charge.

LOU YOST: No one thinks about geographic names until someone wants to change one of the names that they're familiar with. And then, everyone gets all emotional.

HEGYI: He says his board gets about a dozen or so controversial name changes like this every year. And when they're trying to make these kind of decisions, they'll ask for recommendations from federal agencies and state county and tribal²¹ governments. The board's researchers also compile historical documents and corroborate²² accusations²³. In Gustavus Doane's case, they found mountains of evidence against him.

Back at the park, Chief Stanley Charles Grier says erasing²⁴ Doane's name from Yellowstone is a long time coming.

GRIER: It's really meant to represent justice.

HEGYI: The board is still waiting on a recommendation from the National Park Service but says it could make a final decision on the Yellowstone landmarks as early as this fall.

For NPR News, I'm Nate Hegyi in Missoula, Mont.

(SOUNDBITE OF SERA CAHOONE'S “DEER CREEK²⁵ CANYON”)

MARTIN: This story came to us from the Mountain West News Bureau, a public radio collaborative.

1 landmarks   

n.陆标( landmark的名词复数 )；目标；（标志重要阶段的）里程碑 ~ (in sth)；有历史意义的建筑物（或遗址）

参考例句：

• The book stands out as one of the notable landmarks in the progress of modern science. 这部著作是现代科学发展史上著名的里程碑之一。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The baby was one of the big landmarks in our relationship. 孩子的出世是我们俩关系中的一个重要转折点。 来自辞典例句

2 atrocities   

n.邪恶，暴行( atrocity的名词复数 )；滔天大罪

参考例句：

• They were guilty of the most barbarous and inhuman atrocities. 他们犯有最野蛮、最灭绝人性的残暴罪行。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The enemy's atrocities made one boil with anger. 敌人的暴行令人发指。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

3 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

4 massacre   

n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀

参考例句：

• There was a terrible massacre of villagers here during the war.在战争中，这里的村民惨遭屠杀。
• If we forget the massacre,the massacre will happen again!忘记了大屠杀，大屠杀就有可能再次发生！

5 brutal   

adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的

参考例句：

• She has to face the brutal reality.她不得不去面对冷酷的现实。
• They're brutal people behind their civilised veneer.他们表面上温文有礼，骨子里却是野蛮残忍。

6 survivors   

幸存者，残存者，生还者( survivor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The survivors were adrift in a lifeboat for six days. 幸存者在救生艇上漂流了六天。
• survivors clinging to a raft 紧紧抓住救生筏的幸存者

7 lieutenant   

n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员

参考例句：

• He was promoted to be a lieutenant in the army.他被提升为陆军中尉。
• He prevailed on the lieutenant to send in a short note.他说动那个副官，递上了一张简短的便条进去。

8 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

9 implemented   

v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革，经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句

10 atrocity   

n.残暴，暴行

参考例句：

• These people are guilty of acts of great atrocity.这些人犯有令人发指的暴行。
• I am shocked by the atrocity of this man's crimes.这个人行凶手段残忍狠毒使我震惊。

11 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

12 massacres   

大屠杀( massacre的名词复数 )； 惨败

参考例句：

• The time is past for guns and killings and massacres. 动不动就用枪、动不动就杀、大规模屠杀的时代已经过去了。 来自教父部分
• Numberless recent massacres were still vivid in their recollection. 近来那些不可胜数的屠杀，在他们的头脑中记忆犹新。

13 colonizing   

v.开拓殖民地，移民于殖民地( colonize的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• The art of colonizing is no exception to the rule. 殖民的芸术是� 有特例的。 来自互联网
• A Lesson for Other Colonizing Nations. 其它殖民国家学习的教训。 来自互联网

14 killer   

n.杀人者，杀人犯，杀手，屠杀者

参考例句：

• Heart attacks have become Britain's No.1 killer disease.心脏病已成为英国的头号致命疾病。
• The bulk of the evidence points to him as her killer.大量证据证明是他杀死她的。

15 extermination   

n.消灭，根绝

参考例句：

• All door and window is sealed for the extermination of mosquito. 为了消灭蚊子，所有的门窗都被封闭起来了。 来自辞典例句
• In doing so they were saved from extermination. 这样一来却使它们免于绝灭。 来自辞典例句

16 incited   

刺激，激励，煽动( incite的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He incited people to rise up against the government. 他煽动人们起来反对政府。
• The captain's example incited the men to bravery. 船长的榜样激发了水手们的勇敢精神。

17 hatred   

n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨

参考例句：

• He looked at me with hatred in his eyes.他以憎恨的眼光望着我。
• The old man was seized with burning hatred for the fascists.老人对法西斯主义者充满了仇恨。

18 indigenous   

adj.土产的，土生土长的，本地的

参考例句：

• Each country has its own indigenous cultural tradition.每个国家都有自己本土的文化传统。
• Indians were the indigenous inhabitants of America.印第安人是美洲的土著居民。

19 commissioners   

n.专员( commissioner的名词复数 )；长官；委员；政府部门的长官

参考例句：

• The Commissioners of Inland Revenue control British national taxes. 国家税收委员管理英国全国的税收。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The SEC has five commissioners who are appointed by the president. 证券交易委员会有５名委员，是由总统任命的。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件

20 geographic   

adj.地理学的，地理的

参考例句：

• The city's success owes much to its geographic position. 这座城市的成功很大程度上归功于它的地理位置。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Environmental problems pay no heed to these geographic lines. 环境问题并不理会这些地理界限。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

21 tribal   

adj.部族的，种族的

参考例句：

• He became skilled in several tribal lingoes.他精通几种部族的语言。
• The country was torn apart by fierce tribal hostilities.那个国家被部落间的激烈冲突弄得四分五裂。

22 corroborate   

v.支持，证实，确定

参考例句：

• He looked at me anxiously,as if he hoped I'd corroborate this.他神色不安地看着我，仿佛他希望我证实地的话。
• It appeared that what he said went to corroborate my account.看来他所说的和我叙述的相符。

23 accusations   

n.指责( accusation的名词复数 )；指控；控告；（被告发、控告的）罪名

参考例句：

• There were accusations of plagiarism. 曾有过关于剽窃的指控。
• He remained unruffled by their accusations. 对于他们的指控他处之泰然。

24 erasing   

v.擦掉( erase的现在分词 )；抹去；清除

参考例句：

• He was like a sponge, erasing the past, soaking up the future. 他象一块海绵，挤出过去，吸进未来。 来自辞典例句
• Suddenly, fear overtook longing, erasing memories. 突然，恐惧淹没了渴望，泯灭了回忆。 来自辞典例句

25 creek   

n.小溪，小河，小湾

参考例句：

• He sprang through the creek.他跳过小河。
• People sunbathe in the nude on the rocks above the creek.人们在露出小溪的岩石上裸体晒日光浴。