美国国家公共电台 NPR To Boost Mental Health, Try Team Sports Or Group Exercise : S

 

DAVID GREENE, HOST:

All right. Millions of Americans suffer from depression and anxiety. Research shows regular exercise can ease conditions like panic attacks, mood swings, sleep disorders¹. And a recent study shows that the type of exercise really makes a difference. Sasa Woodruff reports.

(SOUNDBITE OF WHISTLE BLOWING)

SASA WOODRUFF, BYLINE²: Ryan China McCarney has played sports his entire life, in college and as a professional baseball player. But now he sometimes has to force himself to play pickup³ soccer with his friends.

RYAN MCCARNEY: I'm dreading⁴, and I'm anticipating the worst, but I do it anyway.

WOODRUFF: McCarney was 22 when he had his first panic attack. It took him six years to get professional support. He still struggles with depression and social anxiety. He often feels claustrophobic and panicked before social gatherings⁵. But sports are a different ballgame.

MCCARNEY: It's a euphoric sensation when you're done with it because you end up having a great time, and all of those negative catastrophic thoughts that you were anticipating - or events or situations, they never come true.

WOODRUFF: A recent study in the medical journal Lancet Psychiatry⁶ looked at 1.2 million adults and how exercise type effects anxiety and depression. The scientists found team sports had a slight edge over other forms of physical activity. One of the authors, Adam Chekroud, is an assistant professor at Yale School of Medicine. He says mental illness hits biological, cognitive⁷ and social systems.

ADAM CHEKROUD: Some sports might just be hitting on more of those elements than other sports. So if you go out and all you do is run on a treadmill⁸, for example, it's clear that you're getting that biological stimulation⁹, but perhaps there are other elements of depression that you're not going to be tapping into.

WOODRUFF: Social isolation¹⁰ is a big part of depression. Psychiatrist¹¹ Antonia Baum says physically¹² interacting with others could target that specific symptom.

ANTONIA BAUM: The social glue that occurs with team sports can be tremendously important to someone whose depression is exacerbated¹³ by isolation.

WOODRUFF: In the study, the patients self-reported their symptoms, which Dr. Baum says, is a weakness because people don't always accurately¹⁴ report how they're doing. Additionally, sticking with any exercise can be a challenge.

BAUM: When you have a depressed¹⁵ patient, motivation is often lacking.

WOODRUFF: Without motivation, Chekroud says people often stop doing many of the things that are helping¹⁶ their mental health.

CHEKROUD: It's not just exercises that people stop doing. They also stop taking medications. They stop showing up for therapy. And so, you know, adherence¹⁷ is a big problem in health care right now.

WOODRUFF: A problem researchers think social interaction could help solve. Jack¹⁸ Raglin is a professor in the School of Public Health at Indiana University, Bloomington. He studies how physical exercise affects mood and anxiety.

JACK RAGLIN: We did a study a number of years ago where, in an adult fitness program, married couples who joined together had about 10 percent dropout¹⁹ after a year versus²⁰ married individuals who joined on their own had about a 50 percent. So very simple forms of social support can be beneficial.

WOODRUFF: He says accountability to others might be a motivating factor. For McCarney, he says team sports help him deal with his symptoms.

MCCARNEY: It just gets you around people, which I think is another huge thing when you're trying to maybe break out of a depressive cycle.

WOODRUFF: And he says it's much easier to break that cycle if you're not doing it alone. For NPR News, I'm Sasa Woodruff.

1 disorders   

n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调

参考例句：

• Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告，厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

3 pickup   

n.拾起，获得

参考例句：

• I would love to trade this car for a pickup truck.我愿意用这辆汽车换一辆小型轻便卡车。||The luck guy is a choice pickup for the girls.那位幸运的男孩是女孩子们想勾搭上的人。

4 dreading   

v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• She was dreading having to broach the subject of money to her father. 她正在为不得不向父亲提出钱的事犯愁。
• This was the moment he had been dreading. 这是他一直最担心的时刻。

5 gatherings   

聚集( gathering的名词复数 )； 收集； 采集； 搜集

参考例句：

• His conduct at social gatherings created a lot of comment. 他在社交聚会上的表现引起许多闲话。
• During one of these gatherings a pupil caught stealing. 有一次，其中一名弟子偷窃被抓住。

6 psychiatry   

n.精神病学，精神病疗法

参考例句：

• The study appeared in the Amercian science Journal of Psychiatry.这个研究发表在美国精神病学的杂志上。
• A physician is someone who specializes in psychiatry.精神病专家是专门从事精神病治疗的人。

7 cognitive   

adj.认知的，认识的，有感知的

参考例句：

• As children grow older,their cognitive processes become sharper.孩子们越长越大，他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
• The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works.认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。

8 treadmill   

n.踏车；单调的工作

参考例句：

• The treadmill has a heart rate monitor.跑步机上有个脉搏监视器。
• Drugs remove man from the treadmill of routine.药物可以使人摆脱日常单调的工作带来的疲劳。

9 stimulation   

n.刺激，激励，鼓舞

参考例句：

• The playgroup provides plenty of stimulation for the children.幼儿游戏组给孩子很多启发。
• You don't get any intellectual stimulation in this job.你不能从这份工作中获得任何智力启发。

10 isolation   

n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离

参考例句：

• The millionaire lived in complete isolation from the outside world.这位富翁过着与世隔绝的生活。
• He retired and lived in relative isolation.他退休后，生活比较孤寂。

11 psychiatrist   

n.精神病专家；精神病医师

参考例句：

• He went to a psychiatrist about his compulsive gambling.他去看精神科医生治疗不能自拔的赌瘾。
• The psychiatrist corrected him gently.精神病医师彬彬有礼地纠正他。

12 physically   

adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律

参考例句：

• He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服，心绪也很乱。
• Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。

13 exacerbated   

v.使恶化，使加重( exacerbate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The symptoms may be exacerbated by certain drugs. 这些症状可能会因为某些药物而加重。
• The drugs they gave her only exacerbated the pain. 他们给她吃的药只是加重了她的痛楚。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 accurately   

adv.准确地，精确地

参考例句：

• It is hard to hit the ball accurately.准确地击中球很难。
• Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately.现在科学家们能准确地预报天气。

15 depressed   

adj.沮丧的，抑郁的，不景气的，萧条的

参考例句：

• When he was depressed,he felt utterly divorced from reality.他心情沮丧时就感到完全脱离了现实。
• His mother was depressed by the sad news.这个坏消息使他的母亲意志消沉。

16 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

17 adherence   

n.信奉，依附，坚持，固着

参考例句：

• He was well known for his adherence to the rules.他因遵循这些规定而出名。
• The teacher demanded adherence to the rules.老师要求学生们遵守纪律。

18 jack   

n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克

参考例句：

• I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
• He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。

19 dropout   

n.退学的学生；退学；退出者

参考例句：

• There is a high dropout rate from some college courses.有些大学课程的退出率很高。
• In the long haul,she'll regret having been a school dropout.她终归会后悔不该中途辍学。

20 versus   

prep.以…为对手，对；与…相比之下

参考例句：

• The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
• The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。