纽约时报 政府停摆 美国经济开始震荡(2)

The same is true at the Securities and Exchange Commission,

证券交易委员会的情况也是一样，

which has come to a standstill with “only an extremely limited number of staff members available to respond to emergency situations,”

该机构已经停摆，“只有数量非常有限的少量应对紧急情况的工作人员还在继续工作，”

according to a shutdown plan posted on the commission’s website.

委员会网站上公布的停摆计划显示。

As the effect moves well beyond the nation’s capital,

随着特朗普政府停摆的影响远超出首都地区，

craft brewers cannot get approval from the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau for new beer labels.

精酿啤酒商无法从烟酒税收与贸易局那里拿到新啤酒标签的批准。

And the Commerce Department has stopped processing requests

商务部也停止了处理

from auto¹ suppliers and other manufacturing companies seeking an exemption² from Mr. Trump³’s metal tariffs⁴,

汽车供应商和其他制造企业提交的寻求豁免特朗普制定的金属关税的申请，

leaving them uncertain over the price they will need to pay for key materials this year.

使得企业们心里对今年购买关键材料所需支付的价格没了底。

Farmers who planned to apply for subsidies⁵ to help mitigate⁶ the effect of Mr. Trump’s trade war

计划申请补贴，帮忙缓解特朗普贸易战的影响的那些农民

must wait to get paid until the Agriculture Department’s Farm Service Agency offices reopen.

也要等到农业部农业局办公室重新运转起来才能领到补贴。

And in neighborhoods across the country,

据Zillow估计，在全国各地的社区，

as many as 39,000 federally backed mortgage applications may have already been delayed

可能有将近3.9万份联邦政府支持的抵押贷款申请

because of reduced staffing in federal agencies, according to Zillow estimates.

因为联邦机构人手不够被推迟。

The tax refund⁷ decision flies in the face of previous shutdown plans — and interpretations⁸ of federal law —

这一退税决定和之前的政府停摆计划——以及他们对联邦法律的解释——是背道而驰的，

when the I.R.S. was prohibited from dispensing⁹ tax refunds¹⁰.

因为那时，国税局是被禁止发放退税的。

The earliest I.R.S. statistics from 2018 show that 18 million individual tax returns had been filed by Feb. 2.

国税局2018年最早的统计数据显示，截至2018年2月2日，已经有1800万份个人纳税申报单。

By that point, the I.R.S. had issued more than six million refunds, totaling $12.6 billion — an average refund of $2,035.

那时，国税局已经发放了600多万份，总计126亿美元的退税——平均每份的退税金额为2035美元。

The agency issued more than $324 billion in refunds for all of last year.

去年全年，该机构一共发放了3240亿美元的退税。

Several nonprofit organizations, including the Federal Law Enforcement Officers Association,

为此，一些非盈利组织，包括“联邦执法人员协会”，

are trying to aid Department of Homeland Security workers

已经开始帮助国土安全部的工作人员，

who need immediate¹¹ help with a limited pool of cash and other resources,

因为他们现金等资源都非常有限因而继续外界的帮助，

an officer with the group’s charitable foundation said.

该组织下属慈善基金会的一名工作人员说到。

The Navy Federal Credit Union is offering no-interest loans to service members who face the prospect¹² of missed paychecks.

“海军联邦信用联盟”也为可能会拿不到工资的服役人员提供了无息贷款。

USAA, though, has drawn¹³ criticism from members of the Coast Guard for offering similar loans that charge interest.

USAA保险公司则因为在提供类似贷款的时候收取了利息受到了海岸警卫队队员的批评。

Secret Service agents are growing increasingly anxious and angry about the shutdown,

特勤局特工对政府停摆一事已经越来越焦虑，越来越愤怒了，

according to several current and former agents.

据几位现任和前任特工透露。

The Secret Service protects 42 people associated with the Trump White House,

该局负责保护与特朗普领导下的白宫有关的42名人士，

11 more than were given details during the Obama administration.

其中，起码有11位的详细身份都在奥巴马在任期间公开了。

In August 2017, the agency’s new director, Randolph D. Alles, told an interviewer

2017年8月，该局的新任局长伦道夫·D.阿列斯曾向一位记者透露

that the sprawling¹⁴ Trump entourage was putting unprecedented¹⁵ strains on his agents, in terms of staffing and budgeting.

特朗普庞大的随从队伍让他手下的特工们在人员配备和预算方面感受到了前所未有的压力。

1 auto   

n.(=automobile)(口语)汽车

参考例句：

• Don't park your auto here.别把你的汽车停在这儿。
• The auto industry has brought many people to Detroit.汽车工业把许多人吸引到了底特律。

2 exemption   

n.豁免，免税额，免除

参考例句：

• You may be able to apply for exemption from local taxes.你可能符合资格申请免除地方税。
• These goods are subject to exemption from tax.这些货物可以免税。

3 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

4 tariffs   

关税制度； 关税( tariff的名词复数 )； 关税表； （旅馆或饭店等的）收费表； 量刑标准

参考例句：

• British industry was sheltered from foreign competition by protective tariffs. 保护性关税使英国工业免受国际竞争影响。
• The new tariffs have put a stranglehold on trade. 新的关税制对开展贸易极为不利。

5 subsidies   

n.补贴，津贴，补助金( subsidy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• European agriculture ministers failed to break the deadlock over farm subsidies. 欧洲各国农业部长在农业补贴问题上未能打破僵局。
• Agricultural subsidies absorb about half the EU's income. 农业补贴占去了欧盟收入的大约一半。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 mitigate   

vt.（使）减轻，（使）缓和

参考例句：

• The government is trying to mitigate the effects of inflation.政府正试图缓和通货膨胀的影响。
• Governments should endeavour to mitigate distress.政府应努力缓解贫困问题。

7 refund   

v.退还，偿还；n.归还，偿还额，退款

参考例句：

• They demand a refund on unsatisfactory goods.他们对不满意的货品要求退款。
• We'll refund your money if you aren't satisfied.你若不满意，我们愿意退款给你。

8 interpretations   

n.解释( interpretation的名词复数 )；表演；演绎；理解

参考例句：

• This passage is open to a variety of interpretations. 这篇文章可以有各种不同的解释。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The involved and abstruse passage makes several interpretations possible. 这段艰涩的文字可以作出好几种解释。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

9 dispensing   

v.分配( dispense的现在分词 )；施与；配（药）

参考例句：

• A dispensing optician supplies glasses, but doesn't test your eyes. 配镜师为你提供眼镜，但不检查眼睛。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The firm has been dispensing ointments. 本公司配制药膏。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 refunds   

n.归还，偿还额，退款( refund的名词复数 )v.归还，退还( refund的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Tomorrow he would return them to the store and claim refunds. 明天他要把它们退还给商店并要求退款。 来自辞典例句
• The new method means that taxpayers get refunds much faster. 这种新办法意味着纳税人可以较快地领到退还款。 来自辞典例句

11 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

12 prospect   

n.前景，前途；景色，视野

参考例句：

• This state of things holds out a cheerful prospect.事态呈现出可喜的前景。
• The prospect became more evident.前景变得更加明朗了。

13 drawn   

v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的

参考例句：

• All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
• Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。

14 sprawling   

adj.蔓生的，不规则地伸展的v.伸开四肢坐[躺]( sprawl的现在分词 )；蔓延；杂乱无序地拓展；四肢伸展坐着（或躺着）

参考例句：

• He was sprawling in an armchair in front of the TV. 他伸开手脚坐在电视机前的一张扶手椅上。
• a modern sprawling town 一座杂乱无序拓展的现代城镇

15 unprecedented   

adj.无前例的，新奇的

参考例句：

• The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
• A flood of this sort is really unprecedented.这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。