纽约时报 伊朗对峙反倒助长了两国鹰派的气焰(1)

Iran Faces-Off Feeds Hawks¹ on Each Side

伊朗对峙反倒助长了双方鹰派的气焰

By David E. Sanger and David D. Kirkpatrick

文/大卫·E·桑格和大卫·D·柯克帕特里克

As Iran and the United States face off in the Gulf² of Oman,

伊朗和美国在阿曼湾对峙时，

the risk may not be just at sea, but in Tehran and Washington,

面临风险的可能不止这片海，还有德黑兰和华盛顿，

where both Iranian and American hard-liners are seizing on the moment for political advantage.

因为两个国家的强硬派都在抓紧巩固自己的政治利益。

The attacks this week on two tankers⁴ in the gulf,

本周，两艘油轮在阿曼湾遇袭，

instantly attributed to Iran by Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and then President Trump⁵,

事发后，国务卿迈克·蓬佩奥立即将责任推到了伊朗头上，随后，总统特朗普也对此表示附议，

emboldens⁶ the hard-liners in both countries, each able to argue their longtime adversary⁷ is itching⁸ for war.

此次遇袭事件助长了两国强硬派的气焰，让两大宿敌都有了指认是对方渴望挑起战争的借口。

In the White House, Mr. Pompeo and the national security adviser⁹, John R. Bolton,

在白宫，尽管特朗普总统不时表现出了不情愿的迹象，

were driving a policy of maximum pressure — despite periodic signs of reluctance¹⁰ from President Trump.

蓬佩奥及国家安全顾问约翰·博尔顿两人仍在推动一项最大化对伊压力的政策。

For more than a year, Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps¹¹ pushed for Tehran’s leadership

一年多以来，伊朗的伊斯兰革命卫队一直在争取德黑兰的领导权，

to abandon the restrictions¹² of a nuclear agreement President Trump had already exited.

想要抛弃特朗普总统已经退出的核协议的条条框框。

They were drowned out by moderates,

但他们的声音还是被该国的温和派淹没了，

who argued that it was better to deepen the divide between the Trump administration and Europe on the future of the 2015 deal.

后者认为，更为可取的办法是加深特朗普政府与欧洲在2015核协议未来问题上的分歧。

But once Washington ratcheted up the pressure by targeting oil and the Revolutionary Guards’ own revenues,

但是，华盛顿一加大压力，将矛头对准石油和革命卫队的自主收入，

even Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif of Iran, who negotiated the nuclear accord and urged continuing to abide¹³ by the terms,

就连参与了上述核协议谈判，还敦促各方继续遵守协议条款的伊朗外交部长穆罕默德·贾瓦德·扎里夫，

began complaining of American “economic terrorism.”

都开始抱怨美国的“经济恐怖主义”行径了。

“It is sort of a toxic¹⁴ interaction between hard-liners on both sides because for domestic political reasons they each want greater tension,”

“这可以说是两个强硬派硬碰硬的一次有毒的交锋，因为出于国内政治原因，他们都想要把局势变得更加紧张，”

said Jeremy Shapiro, the research director at the European Council on Foreign Relations and a former State Department official.

前国务院官员、欧洲对外关系委员会研究主任杰里米·夏皮罗评价道。

“They have an incentive¹⁵ to create that tension, at the very least,

“至少，他们都有制造紧张局势的意愿，

because it will help them with their domestic politics and you can see that on both sides,” he added.

因为那样做对他们各自的国内政治都是有好处的，而且，从双方身上都能看出这一点。”

In Iran, tension with the United States bolsters¹⁶ the appeal of hard-line politicians aligned¹⁷ with the Revolutionary Guards in next year’s parliamentary elections.

就伊朗方面而言，与美国的紧张关系增强了与革命卫队结盟的强硬派政客们在明年议会选举中的吸引力。

In Washington, it strengthens the hand of hawks in the administration

而就华盛顿而言，双方的紧张关系也加强了美国政府中鹰派的影响力，

who may be trying to urge Mr. Trump toward more forceful action while weakening the claims of his critics — including most Democrats¹⁸ —

他们可能正在努力敦促特朗普采取更有力的行动，同时削弱包括大多数民主党人在内的对特朗普持批评意见的人群的主张——

who argue that President Barack Obama’s outreach to Tehran had been working.

他们认为，巴拉克·奥巴马总统对德黑兰的援助是有效的。

On Friday, Mr. Bolton met for three hours at the White House

周五，博尔顿在白宫与伊朗代理国防部长帕特里克·沙纳汉

with the acting¹⁹ defense²⁰ secretary, Patrick Shanahan, and Gen. Joseph F. Dunford Jr., the chairman of the Joint²¹ Chiefs of Staff,

以及参谋长联席会议主席小约瑟夫·邓福德上将进行了三个小时的会谈，

to discuss the tanker³ attacks and a proposal the Pentagon is weighing

讨论油轮袭击事件以及五角大楼正在权衡的

to send as many as 6,000 additional troops to the gulf region, including warships²² and fighter jets.

一项向海湾地区增派多达6000名士兵，数艘军舰和战斗机的提案。

1 hawks   

鹰( hawk的名词复数 )； 鹰派人物，主战派人物

参考例句：

• Two hawks were hover ing overhead. 两只鹰在头顶盘旋。
• Both hawks and doves have expanded their conditions for ending the war. 鹰派和鸽派都充分阐明了各自的停战条件。

2 gulf   

n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂

参考例句：

• The gulf between the two leaders cannot be bridged.两位领导人之间的鸿沟难以跨越。
• There is a gulf between the two cities.这两座城市间有个海湾。

3 tanker   

n.油轮

参考例句：

• The tanker took on 200,000 barrels of crude oil.油轮装载了二十万桶原油。
• Heavy seas had pounded the tanker into three parts.汹涌的巨浪把油轮撞成三载。

4 tankers   

运送大量液体或气体的轮船[卡车]( tanker的名词复数 )； 油轮； 罐车； 油槽车

参考例句：

• They should stop offloading waste from oil tankers into the sea. 他们应当停止从油轮上往海里倾倒废弃物。
• The harbour admits large tankers and freighters. 这个港口容得下巨型油船和货轮。

5 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

6 emboldens   

v.鼓励，使有胆量( embolden的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• This condition emboldens employers and brokers to exploit more the migrant workers. 这样的情形使得雇主及仲介业者得以大胆地剥削移民劳工。 来自互联网
• In turn, Kobe's growing confidence emboldens his teammates to play even better. 反过来，科比增加了对他们的信任也促使队友们打得更好。 来自互联网

7 adversary   

adj.敌手，对手

参考例句：

• He saw her as his main adversary within the company.他将她视为公司中主要的对手。
• They will do anything to undermine their adversary's reputation.他们会不择手段地去损害对手的名誉。

8 itching   

adj.贪得的，痒的，渴望的v.发痒( itch的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• The itching was almost more than he could stand. 他痒得几乎忍不住了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• My nose is itching. 我的鼻子发痒。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。

10 reluctance   

n.厌恶，讨厌，勉强，不情愿

参考例句：

• The police released Andrew with reluctance.警方勉强把安德鲁放走了。
• He showed the greatest reluctance to make a reply.他表示很不愿意答复。

11 corps   

n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组

参考例句：

• The medical corps were cited for bravery in combat.医疗队由于在战场上的英勇表现而受嘉奖。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

12 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

13 abide   

vi.遵守；坚持；vt.忍受

参考例句：

• You must abide by the results of your mistakes.你必须承担你的错误所造成的后果。
• If you join the club,you have to abide by its rules.如果你参加俱乐部，你就得遵守它的规章。

14 toxic   

adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的

参考例句：

• The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
• There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。

15 incentive   

n.刺激；动力；鼓励；诱因；动机

参考例句：

• Money is still a major incentive in most occupations.在许多职业中，钱仍是主要的鼓励因素。
• He hasn't much incentive to work hard.他没有努力工作的动机。

16 bolsters   

n.长枕( bolster的名词复数 )；垫子；衬垫；支持物v.支持( bolster的第三人称单数 )；支撑；给予必要的支持；援助

参考例句：

• He used a couple of bolsters to elevate his head. 他用两个垫枕垫头。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The double-row piles with both inclined and horizontal bolsters also analyzed in consideration of staged excavation. 本文亦分析了考虑开挖过程的安置斜撑与带支撑的双排桩支护结构。 来自互联网

17 aligned   

adj.对齐的，均衡的

参考例句：

• Make sure the shelf is aligned with the top of the cupboard.务必使搁架与橱柜顶端对齐。

18 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

19 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

20 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

21 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

22 warships   

军舰，战舰( warship的名词复数 )； 舰只

参考例句：

• The enemy warships were disengaged from the battle after suffering heavy casualties. 在遭受惨重伤亡后，敌舰退出了海战。
• The government fitted out warships and sailors for them. 政府给他们配备了战舰和水手。