纽约时报 原住民抗击粮食危机(2)

Food shortages, though, are just one in a thicket¹ of troubles on tribal² lands.

然而，土著部落的生计面临重重困难，粮食短缺只是其中之一。

Many have become Superfund sites where oil spills or chemical runoffs have contaminated the groundwater.

许多部落所在地都是“超级基金”覆盖点，他们的地下水早就被石油泄漏或化学品径流污染了。

More than a century of government policies have shrunk Native American territory and taken ownership from tribal governments,

一个多世纪以来，政府政策不断收缩原住民的领土，抢夺部落政府手中的所有权，

contributing to the rampant³ poverty and poor health care on many reservations.

导致许多保留地本就十分严重的贫困问题和医疗匮乏问题更加雪上加霜。

The coronavirus emergency is dire⁴ on the Navajo Nation in Arizona, Utah and New Mexico, which as of Monday had 698 cases and 24 deaths.

亚利桑那州、犹他州和新墨西哥州的纳瓦霍部落出现了新冠疫情大爆发，截至周一，该部落已有698例病例，24人已经不治身亡。

Many residents lack running water and electricity, and all were under a 57-hour curfew that ended Monday morning.

许多居民过的都还是没有自来水也没有电的生活，且所有人都经历了长达57小时的宵禁，一直到周一上午才结束。

“People are told to self-isolate at home with no drinking water and not enough food,”

“大家被告知要在家隔离，问题是家里既没有饮用水，也没有足够的食物，”

said Denisa Livingston, a councilor for Slow Food International who helps her fellow Native Americans grow their own food.

正在帮助其他原住民同胞自己种植食物的国际慢食组织议员德尼萨·利文斯顿说。

The nation, has mobilized what resources it has.

该部落正在调动其手上的所有资源。

Residents with gardens are making their crops available to others.

有自家菜园的原住民开始拿出自己的瓜果蔬菜与他人共享。

Some are assembling care packages for elders that include, among other things, ingredients for fry bread,

一些人开始为部落里的老人打包爱心食材包，其中包括但不限于炸面包的配料，

a Navajo staple⁵ with a complicated history, as it was created using rations⁶ from the federal government.

炸面包是纳瓦霍人的一种主食，由于这种食物是用联邦政府发放的配给制作的，其历史颇为纠葛。

The Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa has a strong tradition of canning local crops like beets⁷, cucumbers and carrots, and some families are known for their expertise⁸.

奇佩瓦龟山部落地区的人们一直有着用甜菜、黄瓜和胡萝卜等当地作物制作罐头的传统，甚至有一些家庭因擅长制作这类罐头有了不小的名气。

Many are now donating their stockpiles to those on the reservation in need.

如今，很多人都慷慨地拿出了他们的库存，捐给了保留地上有需要的同胞。

“You don’t think twice about it,” said Mr. Azure⁹, the tribal chairman.

“（以前）这些传统你根本都不会细想，”部落首领阿祖尔说。

“And then when the Covid-19 threat comes through, you realize how important all of this is.”

“然后，新冠肺炎来了，你突然会意识到，这些传统原来是那么的重要。”

In Alaska, the Athabaskan peoples have long dealt with brutal¹⁰, protracted¹¹ winters by preserving produce and freezing meats.

通过保存农产品，冷冻肉类来应付严酷而漫长的冬天，这样的做法对阿拉斯加的阿萨巴斯卡人来说早已不新鲜。

Cynthia Erickson, who is Athabaskan and an owner of the only grocery store in her village, Tanana, has a freezer full of moose, caribou¹² and whitefish.

辛西娅·埃里克森就是阿萨巴斯卡人，她开的杂货店——也是村子里的唯一一家杂货店——的冰箱里囤满了驼鹿肉、驯鹿肉和白鱼肉。

She has been struggling to get her usual wholesale¹³ suppliers to fill orders.

最近，一直合作的批发商已经无法再为她提供所有订单的配货。

The tribe may ask Gov. Mike Dunleavy to open moose hunting season (which normally begins in August or September) early if the food supply runs low, she said.

她说，如果食物供应出现短缺，部落可能会要求州长迈克·邓利维提前开放(通常于8月或9月开始的)驼鹿狩猎季。

“My grandparents had 12 kids and a little cabin, and they survived hunting beavers¹⁴, moose and fish,” said Ms. Erickson, 56.

“我爷爷奶奶生了12个孩子，还只有一间小木屋，他们就捕海狸、捕驼鹿，捕鱼，结果还不是活了下来。”56岁的埃里克森说：

They boiled hooves and legs to make broth¹⁵.

他们把蹄子和腿煮成肉汤。

“We are tough people.”

“我们没那么娇气。”

White corn production is ramping¹⁶ up on the Oneida Nation of Wisconsin’s reservation, in the eastern part of the state.

威斯康星州东部威斯康星保留地奥奈达部落的白玉米产量正在增加。

The crop is sacred to the Oneida Nation, and a longstanding staple because of its many nutrients¹⁷.

该作物对奥奈达部落而言十分神圣，因其营养丰富，该作物也一直是该部落的主食。

Rebecca and Stephen Webster, a Native married couple who own a 10-acre farm that grows white corn and other produce,

丽贝卡·韦伯斯特和斯蒂芬·韦伯斯特是当地的一对夫妻，他们有一个10英亩的农场，里面种的就是白玉米还有其他农产品，

have been giving their prized seeds to families on the reservation in exchange for whatever they can offer, even if it’s just a jar of jam.

现在，他们拿出了自己家珍贵的种子，与保留地上的其他家庭交换，凡是后者能拿出来的，哪怕只是一罐果酱，他们都愿意换。

On the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, in southeastern Arizona,

在亚利桑那州东南部的圣卡洛斯·阿帕奇印第安人保留地，

many homes are low-income units where residents say they have been told in the past that gardens weren’t allowed.

许多家庭都是低收入家庭，居民们说，过去，他们曾被告知不准自行种植作物。

1 thicket   

n.灌木丛，树林

参考例句：

• A thicket makes good cover for animals to hide in.丛林是动物的良好隐蔽处。
• We were now at the margin of the thicket.我们现在已经来到了丛林的边缘。

2 tribal   

adj.部族的，种族的

参考例句：

• He became skilled in several tribal lingoes.他精通几种部族的语言。
• The country was torn apart by fierce tribal hostilities.那个国家被部落间的激烈冲突弄得四分五裂。

3 rampant   

adj.(植物)蔓生的；狂暴的，无约束的

参考例句：

• Sickness was rampant in the area.该地区疾病蔓延。
• You cannot allow children to rampant through the museum.你不能任由小孩子在博物馆里乱跑。

4 dire   

adj.可怕的，悲惨的，阴惨的，极端的

参考例句：

• There were dire warnings about the dangers of watching too much TV.曾经有人就看电视太多的危害性提出严重警告。
• We were indeed in dire straits.But we pulled through.那时我们的困难真是大极了，但是我们渡过了困难。

5 staple   

n.主要产物，常用品，主要要素，原料，订书钉，钩环；adj.主要的，重要的；vt.分类

参考例句：

• Tea is the staple crop here.本地产品以茶叶为大宗。
• Potatoes are the staple of their diet.土豆是他们的主要食品。

6 rations   

定量( ration的名词复数 )； 配给量； 正常量； 合理的量

参考例句：

• They are provisioned with seven days' rations. 他们得到了7天的给养。
• The soldiers complained that they were getting short rations. 士兵们抱怨他们得到的配给不够数。

7 beets   

甜菜( beet的名词复数 )； 甜菜根； （因愤怒、难堪或觉得热而）脸红

参考例句：

• Beets are Hank's favorite vegetable. 甜菜根是汉克最爱吃的蔬菜。
• In this enlargement, barley, alfalfa, and sugar beets can be differentiated. 在这张放大的照片上，大麦，苜蓿和甜菜都能被区分开。

8 expertise   

n.专门知识(或技能等)，专长

参考例句：

• We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
• You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。

9 azure   

adj.天蓝色的，蔚蓝色的

参考例句：

• His eyes are azure.他的眼睛是天蓝色的。
• The sun shone out of a clear azure sky.清朗蔚蓝的天空中阳光明媚。

10 brutal   

adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的

参考例句：

• She has to face the brutal reality.她不得不去面对冷酷的现实。
• They're brutal people behind their civilised veneer.他们表面上温文有礼，骨子里却是野蛮残忍。

11 protracted   

adj.拖延的；延长的v.拖延“protract”的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• The war was protracted for four years. 战争拖延了四年。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• We won victory through protracted struggle. 经过长期的斗争，我们取得了胜利。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 caribou   

n.北美驯鹿

参考例句：

• Afar off he heard the squawking of caribou calves.他听到远处有一群小驯鹿尖叫的声音。
• The Eskimos played soccer on ice and used balls filled with caribou hair and grass.爱斯基摩人在冰上踢球，他们用的是驯鹿的毛发和草填充成的球。

13 wholesale   

n.批发；adv.以批发方式；vt.批发，成批出售

参考例句：

• The retail dealer buys at wholesale and sells at retail.零售商批发购进货物，以零售价卖出。
• Such shoes usually wholesale for much less.这种鞋批发出售通常要便宜得多。

14 beavers   

海狸( beaver的名词复数 )； 海狸皮毛； 棕灰色； 拼命工作的人

参考例句：

• In 1928 some porpoises were photographed working like beavers to push ashore a waterlogged mattress. 1928年有人把这些海豚象海狸那样把一床浸泡了水的褥垫推上岸时的情景拍摄了下来。
• Thus do the beavers, thus do the bees, thus do men. 海狸是这样做的，蜜蜂是这样做的，人也是这样做的。

15 broth   

n.原(汁)汤(鱼汤、肉汤、菜汤等)

参考例句：

• Every cook praises his own broth.厨子总是称赞自己做的汤。
• Just a bit of a mouse's dropping will spoil a whole saucepan of broth.一粒老鼠屎败坏一锅汤。

16 ramping   

土堤斜坡( ramp的现在分词 )； 斜道； 斜路； （装车或上下飞机的）活动梯

参考例句：

• The children love ramping about in the garden. 孩子们喜欢在花园里追逐嬉戏，闹着玩。
• Have you ever seen a lion ramping around? 你看到过狮子暴跳吗？

17 nutrients   

n.（食品或化学品）营养物，营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
• Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》