纽约时报 贫困国家陷入新旧疫情的两面夹击(5)

In poorer countries, the measles¹ mortality rate for children under 5 ranges between 3 and 6 percent;

在较贫穷的国家，5岁以下儿童的麻疹死亡率在3%~6%之间；

conditions like malnutrition² or an overcrowded refugee camp can increase the fatality³ rate.

营养不良或难民营过于拥挤等状况还会加剧病死率。

Children may succumb⁴ to complications such as pneumonia⁵, encephalitis and severe diarrhea.

儿童还可能死于肺炎、脑炎和严重腹泻等并发症。

In 2018, the most recent year for which data worldwide has been compiled,

据估计，2018年，也即最近一次全球数据汇编那一年，

there were nearly 10 million estimated cases of measles and 142,300 related deaths.

就有近1000万麻疹病例，其中，死亡病例达14.23万例。

And global immunization programs were more robust⁶ then.

当时的全球免疫计划比当前更为有力。

Before the coronavirus pandemic in Ethiopia,

埃塞俄比亚爆发新冠疫情前，

91 percent of children in the capital, Addis Ababa, received their first measles vaccination⁷ during routine visits,

首都亚的斯亚贝巴有91%的儿童在常规检查时接种了首支麻疹疫苗，

while 29 percent in rural regions got them.

农村地区则只有29%的儿童得到接种。

(To prevent an outbreak of a highly infectious disease like measles,

(为了防止麻疹这样的高传染性疾病爆发，

the optimum coverage⁸ is 95 percent or higher, with two doses of vaccine⁹.)

最佳覆盖率为95%或更高，剂量为两支。)

When the pandemic struck, the country suspended its April measles campaign.

疫情来袭后，该国便暂停了4月份的麻疹宣传活动。

But the government continues to report many new cases.

但政府报告的新病例仍在持续增多。

"Outbreak pathogens don't recognize borders," said Dr. O'Brien of the W.H.O.

“爆发的病原体是不管你国界不国界的，”世卫组织的奥布莱恩医生说。

"Especially measles: Measles anywhere is measles everywhere."

“尤其是麻疹：只要有一个地方出现了麻疹，无论是什么地方，那所有地方都得遭殃。”

Wealthier countries' immunization rates have also been plunging¹⁰ during the pandemic.

疫情期间相对富裕的国家的免疫接种率也在持续下降。

Some American states report drops as steep as 70 percent below the same period a year earlier, for measles and other diseases.

美国一些州报告称，麻疹疫苗及其他疫苗的接种率都比去年同期下降了70%。

Once people start traveling again, the risk of infection will surge.

一旦人们（结束隔离）开始四处走动，感染的风险势必还会激增。

"It keeps me up at night," said Dr. Stephen L. Cocchi, a senior adviser¹¹ at the global immunization division at the C.D.C.

“一想到这个问题，我晚上都睡不着觉，”疾控中心全球免疫部的高级顾问斯蒂芬·L·科奇医生说。

"These vaccine-preventable diseases are just one plane ride away."

“这些疫苗可有效预防的疾病距离我们就一趟飞机之遥。”

1 measles   

n.麻疹，风疹，包虫病，痧子

参考例句：

• The doctor is quite definite about Tom having measles.医生十分肯定汤姆得了麻疹。
• The doctor told her to watch out for symptoms of measles.医生叫她注意麻疹出现的症状。

2 malnutrition   

n.营养不良

参考例句：

• In Africa, there are a lot of children suffering from severe malnutrition.在非洲有大批严重营养不良的孩子。
• It is a classic case of malnutrition. 这是营养不良的典型病例。

3 fatality   

n.不幸，灾祸，天命

参考例句：

• She struggle against fatality in vain.她徒然奋斗反抗宿命。
• He began to have a growing sense of fatality.他开始有一种越来越强烈的宿命感。

4 succumb   

v.屈服，屈从；死

参考例句：

• They will never succumb to the enemies.他们决不向敌人屈服。
• Will business leaders succumb to these ideas?商业领袖们会被这些观点折服吗？

5 pneumonia   

n.肺炎

参考例句：

• Cage was struck with pneumonia in her youth.凯奇年轻时得过肺炎。
• Pneumonia carried him off last week.肺炎上星期夺去了他的生命。

6 robust   

adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的

参考例句：

• She is too tall and robust.她个子太高，身体太壮。
• China wants to keep growth robust to reduce poverty and avoid job losses,AP commented.美联社评论道，中国希望保持经济强势增长，以减少贫困和失业状况。

7 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

8 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

9 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

10 plunging   

adj.跳进的，突进的v.颠簸( plunge的现在分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降

参考例句：

• War broke out again, plunging the people into misery and suffering. 战祸复发，生灵涂炭。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• He is plunging into an abyss of despair. 他陷入了绝望的深渊。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。