纽约时报 最高法院就免费避孕保险做出最新裁定(2)

The clash between contraceptive coverage¹ and claims of conscience is a key battleground in the culture wars,

避孕保险和良知主张之间的冲突堪称文化战争中的一大关键战场，

and the Supreme² Court's decision is likely to mobilize voters on both sides of the divide.

分歧双方的选民或许都会因为最高法院的裁决有所行动。

For opponents of the regulation, the decision to uphold it was especially disappointing

在反对这一规定的人看来，维持原规定的决定尤其令人失望的地方在于

because two members of the court's liberal wing, Justices Elena Kagan and Stephen G. Breyer, voted with the majority.

最高法院的两名自由派法官，大法官埃琳娜·卡根和斯蒂芬·G·布雷耶投票时也选择了和多数派（即保守派）站在一起。

Both justices had been in dissent³ in 2014, when the court ruled in a 5-to-4 decision

2014年最高法院以5:4的票选结果裁定要求家族企业提供避孕保险违反了保护宗教自由的联邦法律时，

that requiring family-owned corporations to provide contraceptive coverage violated a federal law protecting religious freedom.

两名大法官都是持反对意见的。

On Wednesday, in a concurring⁴ opinion written by Justice Kagan,

周三，二人在大法官卡根撰写的一份协同意见书中表示，

they said that the Affordable⁵ Care Act itself authorized⁶ regulators to create exemptions⁷ for employers with religious objections,

《平价医疗法案》原本就已授权监管部门，允许他们为对该法案持宗教反对意见的用人单位破例，

noting that the Obama administration had adopted one limited to houses of worship.

他们提到，奥巴马政府通过过一项适用范围仅限于礼拜场所的法案。

Whether the Trump⁹ administration had provided adequate justifications¹⁰ for its much broader exemption⁸, Justice Kagan wrote, was a question for another day.

大法官卡根写道，特朗普政府是否为其更普遍的豁免规定提供了足够的理由则属于另一个问题。

Justice Clarence Thomas, writing for the five more conservative members of the court,

大法官克拉伦斯·托马斯，在为最高法院较为保守的五名成员撰文时赞同了卡根二人的说法，

agreed that the Affordable Care Act had authorized regulators

表示《平价医疗法案》确已授权监管机构，允许其

"to provide exemptions from the regulatory contraceptive requirements for employers with religious and conscientious¹¹ objections."

“为持宗教信仰或道德异议的用人单位破例，使其不受义务提供避孕保险规定的约束。”

But, unlike Justice Kagan, he did not suggest that the regulation remained vulnerable to a new legal challenge.

不过，他没有像卡根大法官那样暗示，这项规定仍会容易遭遇新的法律挑战。

In dissent, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, joined by Justice Sonia Sotomayor, said the majority had given religious belief too much power.

就反对维持原规定的声音来看，大法官露丝·巴德·金斯伯格和大法官索尼娅·索托马约尔均表示，多数派已经过于纵容宗教信仰。

"In accommodating claims of religious freedom, this court has taken a balanced approach,

“面对宗教自由的主张时，本法庭采取的是较为平衡的方式，

one that does not allow the religious beliefs of some to overwhelm the rights and interests of others who do not share those beliefs," she wrote.

是不允许部分人的宗教信仰凌驾于其他不认同这些信仰的人的权益之上的方式，”她写道。

"Today, for the first time, the court casts totally aside countervailing rights and interests in its zeal¹² to secure religious rights to the nth degree."

今天，最高法院破天荒地彻底放弃了反补贴权益，开始热衷于极力保护宗教权利了。”

1 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

2 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

3 dissent   

n./v.不同意，持异议

参考例句：

• It is too late now to make any dissent.现在提出异议太晚了。
• He felt her shoulders gave a wriggle of dissent.他感到她的肩膀因为不同意而动了一下。

4 concurring   

同时发生的，并发的

参考例句：

• Concurring with expectations, the degree of polymorphism was highest in the central. 正如所料，多型性程度在中部种群中最高。
• The more an affect arises from a number of causes concurring together, the greater it is. 同时凑合起来以激起一个情感的原因愈多，则这个情感将必愈大。

5 affordable   

adj.支付得起的，不太昂贵的

参考例句：

• The rent for the four-roomed house is affordable.四居室房屋的房租付得起。
• There are few affordable apartments in big cities.在大城市中没有几所公寓是便宜的。

6 authorized   

a.委任的，许可的

参考例句：

• An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。

7 exemptions   

n.（义务等的）免除( exemption的名词复数 )；免（税）；（收入中的）免税额

参考例句：

• The exemptions for interpretive rules, policy statements, and procedural rules have just been discussed. 有关解释性规则、政策说明和程序规则的免责我们刚刚讨论过。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
• A: The regulation outlines specific exemptions for some WPM. 答：该规定概述了某些木质包装材料的特定的例外情形。 来自互联网

8 exemption   

n.豁免，免税额，免除

参考例句：

• You may be able to apply for exemption from local taxes.你可能符合资格申请免除地方税。
• These goods are subject to exemption from tax.这些货物可以免税。

9 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

10 justifications   

正当的理由，辩解的理由( justification的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• If he a vulgar person, she does not have justifications for him. 如果他是个低级趣味的人，她早就不会理他了。
• It depends on their effect on competition and possible justifications. 这则取决于它们对于竞争的影响和可能存在的正当抗辩理由。

11 conscientious   

adj.审慎正直的，认真的，本着良心的

参考例句：

• He is a conscientious man and knows his job.他很认真负责，也很懂行。
• He is very conscientious in the performance of his duties.他非常认真地履行职责。

12 zeal   

n.热心，热情，热忱

参考例句：

• Revolutionary zeal caught them up,and they joined the army.革命热情激励他们，于是他们从军了。
• They worked with great zeal to finish the project.他们热情高涨地工作，以期完成这个项目。